The distribution of stellar mass in the low-redshift Universe
Cheng Li, Simon D. M. White
备注：
12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices, two appendices added to explore possible systematic biases due to the stellar mass definition and surface density limits
We use a complete and uniform sample of almost half a million galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to characterise the distribution of stellar mass in the low-redshift Universe. Galaxy abundances are well determined over almost four orders of magnitude in stellar mass, and are reasonably but not perfectly fit by a Schechter function with characteristic stellar mass m* = 6.7 x 10^10 M_sun and with faint-end slope α= -1.155. For a standard cosmology and a standard stellar Initial Mass Function, only 3.5% of the baryons in the low-redshift Universe are locked up in stars. The projected autocorrelation function of stellar mass is robustly and precisely determined for r_p < 30 Mpc/h. Over the range 10 kpc/kpc < r_p < 10 Mpc/h it is extremely well represented by a power law. The corresponding three-dimensional autocorrelation function is ξ*(r) = (r/6.1 Mpc/h)^{-1.84}. Relative to the dark matter, the bias of the stellar mass distribution is approximately constant on large scales, but varies by a factor of five for r_p < 1 Mpc/h. This behaviour is approximately but not perfectly reproduced by current models for galaxy formation in the concordance LCDM cosmology. Detailed comparison suggests that a fluctuation amplitude σ_8 ~ 0.8 is preferred to the somewhat larger value adopted in the Millennium Simulation models with which we compare our data. This comparison also suggests that observations of stellar mass autocorrelations as a function of redshift might provide a powerful test for the nature of Dark Energy.
An expression for the average redshift drift in a statistically homogeneous and isotropic dust universe is given. The expression takes the same form as the expression for the redshift drift in FLRW models. It is used for a proof-of-principle study of the effects of backreaction on redshift drift measurements by combining the expression with two-region models. The study shows that backreaction can lead to positive redshift drift at low redshifts, exemplifying that a positive redshift drift at low redshifts does not require dark energy. Moreover, the study illustrates that models without a dark …
Schwarzschild Lecture 2014: HectoMAPping The Universe
在过去的三十年里，绘制宇宙从40万年到现在的地图的进展是惊人的。仪器/望远镜的组合自然决定了各种红移范围的采样。在这里，我们概述了Hectospec对MMT在红移范围0.2 < z < 0.8的宇宙探索的影响。我们专注于密集红移调查，SHELS和HectoMAP。SHELS是一个完整的震级有限的调查，覆盖8平方度。HectoMAP巡天结合了一个选红稠密红移巡天和一个覆盖50平方度的弱透镜图。将密集红移测量与斯巴鲁HyperSuprimeCam（HSC）弱透镜图相结合，将为星系在广泛的物理尺度上追踪暗物质分布的方式提供强有力的探测。
Fluctuations in sky maps of the galaxy redshifts, dubbed as angular redshift fluctuations (ARF), contain precise information about the growth rate of structures and the nature of gravity in the Universe. Specifically, ARF constrain the combination of cosmological parameters $H/H_0\,fσ_8(z)$, while being an intrinsically tomographic probe and largely insensitive to many observational systematic errors, all this without requiring the assumption of any redshift-to-distance relation under a given fiducial cosmology. We present the first cosmological constraints derived from ARF by using BOSS LOWZ+…
We consider the redshift drift and position drift associated with astrophysical sources in a formalism that is suitable for describing emitters and observers of light in an arbitrary spacetime geometry, while identifying emitters of a given null-geodesic bundle that arrives at the observer worldline. We then restrict the situation to the special case of a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) geometrical structure, and solve for light rays propagating through the structure with arbitrary impact parameters, i.e., with arbitrary angles of entry into the LTB structure. The redshift drift signal emitted by …
We consider redshift drift in a general space-time as expressed in terms of physically interpretable multipole series. An important realisation from the derived results is that redshift drift cannot in general be thought of as a direct probe of the average expansion rate of the Universe due to the presence of structure along the light beams from the astrophysical sources to the observer. We also predict the general presence of a dipolar and a quadrupolar offset in the detection of redshift drift for observers placed in locally anisotropic environments.
In this work we address the issue of peculiar velocity measurement in a perturbed Friedmann universe using the deviations from measured luminosity distances of standard candles from background FRW universe. We want to show and quantify the statement that in intermediate redshifts ($0.5< z < 2$), deviations from the background FRW model are not uniquely governed by peculiar velocities. Luminosity distances are modified by gravitational lensing. We also want to indicate the importance of relativistic calculations for peculiar velocity measurement at all redshifts. For this task we discuss the re…
Stellar velocity dispersion of Luminous Compact Galaxies at intermediate redshift
本文给出了5个发光致密星系（LCG）在z=0.5-0.7范围内的恒星速度色散测量结果。这些星系正在活跃地形成恒星，平均SFR $\sim$为40 M $_{\odot}$ /年。我们发现它们的速度色散范围从$\sim137\ \rm{km/s}$到$260\ \rm{km/s}$，而它们的恒星质量范围从$4\times 10^{9}$到$10^{11}$ M $_{\odot}$。如果这些LCG在恒星形成的大爆发之后被动地演化，它们的质量和速度色散，以及它们演化的颜色和光度与今天早期螺旋星系的特征值最一致。
The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect contains information about the thermal history of the universe, observable in maps of the Compton $y$ parameter; however, it does not contain information about the redshift of the sources. Recent papers have utilized a tomographic approach, cross-correlating the Compton $y$ map with the locations of galaxies with known redshift, in order to deproject the signal along the line of sight. In this paper, we test the validity and accuracy of this tomographic approach to probe the thermal history of the universe. We use the state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodyna…
Do low-redshift observations open the doors to an open universe?
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València)（粒子物理研究所（西班牙科学理事会-瓦伦西亚大学））；Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Pancini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学E. Pancini物理系）；Scuola Superiore Meridionale（南方高等学院）；INFN, Sezione di Napoli（意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部）；Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学理论天体物理研究所）
We analyze two different algorithms for constructing weakly inhomogeneous models for the low-redshift Universe, in order to provide a tool for testing the geodesic dynamics, within the sphere of validity for the Universe acceleration. We first implement the so-called quasi-isotropic solution in the late Universe, when a pure dark energy equation of state for the cosmological perfect fluid is considered. We demonstrate, that a solution exists only if the physical scale of the inhomogeneities is larger then the Hubble scale of the microphysics, which implies that inhomogeneities could not be obs…
The Lyman Continuum photon production efficiency ($ξ_{\rm ion}$) is a critical ingredient for inferring the number of photons available to reionise the intergalactic medium. To estimate the theoretical production efficiency in the high-redshift Universe we couple the BlueTides cosmological hydrodynamical simulation with a range of stellar population synthesis models. We find Lyman Continuum photon production efficiencies of $\log_{10}(ξ_{\rm ion}/{\rm erg^{-1}\, Hz})\approx 25.1-25.5$ depending on the choice of stellar population synthesis model. These results are broadly consistent with recen…
Stellar Spectral Signatures in High-Redshift Galaxies
恒星的发射线和吸收线通常在星系中用8- 10米级望远镜上的摄谱仪在红移高达5处观测到。虽然整体光谱是很好的理解，并已成功地使用经验和理论库建模，一些挑战仍然存在。讨论了三个问题：利用恒星和星际谱线确定丰度，了解强恒星He II 1640谱线的起源，并测量恒星Lyman-α对恒星+星云组合剖面的影响。所有这三个问题都可以通过最近建立的热恒星理论恒星库来解决，这些恒星库考虑到了恒星风的辐射流体动力学。
The evolution of neutral hydrogen (HI) across redshifts is a powerful probe of cosmology, large scale structure in the universe and the intergalactic medium. Using a data-driven halo model to describe the distribution of HI in the post-reionization universe ($z \sim $ 5 to 0), we obtain the best-fitting parameters from a rich sample of observational data: low redshift 21-cm emission line studies, intermediate redshift intensity mapping experiments, and higher redshift Damped Lyman Alpha (DLA) observations. Our model describes the abundance and clustering of neutral hydrogen across redshifts 0 …
A Determination of the Intergalactic Redshift Dependent UV-Optical-NIR Photon Density Using Deep Galaxy Survey Data and the Gamma-ray Opacity of the Universe
It is well known that positive values of redshift drift is a signature of dark energy within the conventionally studied Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe models. Here we show -- without making assumptions on the metric tensor of the Universe -- that redshift drift is a promising direct probe of violation of the strong energy condition within the theory of general relativity.
Intermediate redshifts between galaxy surveys and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) remain unexplored territory. Line intensity mapping (LIM) offers a way to probe the $z\gtrsim 1$ Universe, including the epoch of reionization and the dark ages. Via exact nulling of the lensing kernel, we show that LIM lensing, in combination with galaxy (resp., CMB) lensing, can uniquely probe the $z\gtrsim 1$ (resp., pre-reionization) Universe. However, LIM foregrounds are a key hurdle to this futuristic technique. While continuum foregrounds can be controlled by discarding modes perpendicular to the lin…
Testing homogeneity with galaxy number counts : light-cone metric and general low-redshift expansion for a central observer in a matter dominated isotropic universe without cosmological constant
The redshift drift, the change of cosmological redshift with time, is a direct consequence of the expansion of the Universe. Thus the measurement of the cosmological redshift drift will offer a direct test of our models of cosmology. The magnitude of the effect is very small, i.e. the spectral shift is of order of $10^{-10} - 10^{-9}$ over the period of a decade, but the next generation facilities such as ELT and SKA will be able to directly detect the expansion of our Universe by the year 2040. In this paper we focus on detectebility of this effect, including strategies of overcoming the kine…
We search for possible deviations from the expectations of the concordance $Λ$CDM model in the expansion history of the Universe by analysing the Pantheon Type Ia Supernovae (SnIa) compilation along with its Monte Carlo simulations using redshift binning. We demonstrate that the redshift binned best fit $Λ$CDM matter density parameter $Ω_{0m}$ and the best fit effective absolute magnitude $\cal M$ oscillate about their full dataset best fit values with considerably large amplitudes. Using the full covariance matrix of the data taking into account systematic and statistical errors, we show that…
In this paper we continue the investigation concerning the propagation of gravitational waves in a cosmological background using Laplace transform \cite{A}. We analyze the possible physical consequences of the result present in \cite{A} where it is argued that a non-vanishing positive abscissa of convergence caused by the de Sitter expansion factor $a(t)=e^{Ht}$ implies a shift in the frequencies domain of a traveling gravitational waves as measured by a comoving observer. In particular, we show that in a generic asymptotically de Sitter cosmological universe this redshift effect does also ari…
One of the possible extensions of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity consists in allowing for the presence of spacetime torsion. The form of the underlying torsion tensor can be chosen such that the homogeneity and isotropy of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universes is preserved, and it has been recently suggested that such universes may undergo accelerating phases. We use recent low-redshift data, coming from Type Ia Supernova and Hubble parameter measurements, to phenomenologically constrain this class of models under the so-called steady-state torsion assumption of a constant fra…
