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arXiv 1301.2685astro-ph.CO
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用高红移观测值对抗星系恒星质量函数的预测

Confronting predictions of the galaxy stellar mass function with observations at high-redshift

Stephen M. Wilkins, Tiziana Di Matteo, Rupert Croft, Nishikanta Khandai, Yu Feng, Andrew Bunker, William Coulton

摘要:

利用一对大宇宙流体动力学模拟{\em MassiveBlack}和{ \em MassiveBlack-II}研究了高红移星系恒星质量函数($z\ge 5$)的演化.通过结合这些模拟,我们可以研究恒星质量大于$10^{8}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}\,h^{-1}$和(共同运动)数密度为$\log_{10}(ϕ\, [{\rm Mpc^{-3}\,dex^{-1}}\,h^{3}])>-8$的星系的性质。观测测定星系的恒星质量函数在非常高的红移通常假设之间的关系,观察到的紫外光度和恒星的质光比,适用于高红移样本,以估计恒星质量。这种关系也可以从模拟中测量。我们这样做,发现与通常的观测假设有两个显著的不同:它随着红移强烈地演化,并且具有不同的形状。利用这种关系,使星系恒星质量函数之间的一致比较,我们发现,在$z=6$和以上的模拟预测是在整个质量范围内的观测数据很好的协议。如果不使用正确的紫外线光度和恒星质光比,对于大星系$>10^{10}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}\,h^{-1}$,差异将达到两个数量级。然而,在$z=5$,低质量$<10^{9}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}\,h^{-1}$星系的恒星质量函数被高估了几个因素,与紫外光度函数的行为一致,也许是一个迹象,在模拟中的反馈是不够有效的,这些星系。

英文摘要:

We investigate the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function at high-redshift ($z\ge 5$) using a pair of large cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: {\em MassiveBlack} and {\em MassiveBlack-II}. By combining these simulations we can study the properties of galaxies with stellar masses greater than $10^{8}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}\,h^{-1}$ and (co-moving) number densities of $\log_{10}(ϕ\, [{\rm Mpc^{-3}\,dex^{-1}}\,h^{3}])>-8$. Observational determinations of the galaxy stellar mass function at very-high redshift typically assume a relation between the observed UV luminosity and stellar mass-to-light ratio which is applied to high-redshift samples in order to estimate stellar masses. This relation can also be measured from the simulations. We do this, finding two significant differences with the usual observational assumption: it evolves strongly with redshift and has a different shape. Using this relation to make a consistent comparison between galaxy stellar mass functions we find that at $z=6$ and above the simulation predictions are in good agreement with observed data over the whole mass range. Without using the correct UV luminosity and stellar mass-to-light ratio, the discrepancy would be up to two orders of magnitude for large galaxies $>10^{10}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}\,h^{-1}$. At $z=5$, however the stellar mass function for low mass $<10^{9}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}\,h^{-1}$ galaxies is overpredicted by factors of a few, consistent with the behaviour of the UV luminosity function, and perhaps a sign that feedback in the simulation is not efficient enough for these galaxies.

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