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arXiv 1012.1317astro-ph.CO
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NEWFIRM中带巡天中的星系团:1 < z < 2时恒星质量与暗物质晕质量的关系

Galaxy clustering in the NEWFIRM Medium Band Survey: the relationship between stellar mass and dark matter halo mass at 1 < z < 2

David A. Wake, Katherine E. Whitaker, Ivo Labbé, Pieter G. van Dokkum, Marijn Franx, Ryan Quadri, Gabriel Brammer, Mariska Kriek, Britt F. Lundgren, Danilo Marchesini, Adam Muzzin

摘要:

利用NEWFIRM中带巡天(NMBS)的数据,我们分析了星系团在1 < z < 2处随恒星质量的变化。NMBS产生的精确的光度红移和恒星质量使我们能够定义一系列质量有限的星系样本,这些星系的质量分别大于0.7、1和3 × 10^10 Msun,红移间隔分别以z = 1.1、1.5和1.9为中心。在每个红移区间,我们发现,存在着很强的依赖性的集群强度的恒星质量限制的样品,更大的质量星系表现出更高的集群振幅在所有尺度上。我们进一步解释我们的集群测量在LCDM宇宙学背景下使用星系集群的晕模型。我们发现,中心星系和卫星星系的典型晕质量随着恒星质量的增加而增加,而卫星部分随着恒星质量的减少,定性上与z < 1时相同。在我们狭窄的红移范围内,我们几乎没有看到恒星质量与晕质量关系的任何红移依赖性的证据。然而,当我们与z~0处的类似测量进行比较时,我们看到了这种关系发生变化的明确证据。如果我们假设一个普适的重子分数,恒星质量与晕质量的比值揭示了已经转化为恒星的重子的分数。我们看到,中心星系的恒星形成效率的峰值在更高的红移处向更高的晕质量移动,从z~0处的~ 7 × 10^11 Msun移动到z~1.5处的~ 3 × 10^12 Msun,揭示了“晕缩小”的证据。最后,我们表明,在z > 1的高度偏置的星系种群之间的测量空间密度和集群和晕模型预测的可能存在差异。这可能意味着在这些红移处,晕圈模型的一个或多个成分存在问题,例如晕圈偏差关系或晕圈轮廓。

英文摘要:

We present an analysis of the clustering of galaxies as a function of their stellar mass at 1 < z < 2 using data from the NEWFIRM Medium Band Survey (NMBS). The precise photometric redshifts and stellar masses that the NMBS produces allows us to define a series of mass limited samples of galaxies more massive than 0.7, 1 and 3x10^10 Msun in redshift intervals centered on z = 1.1, 1.5 and 1.9 respectively. In each redshift interval we show that there exists a strong dependence of clustering strength on the stellar mass limit of the sample, with more massive galaxies showing a higher clustering amplitude on all scales. We further interpret our clustering measurements in the LCDM cosmological context using the halo model of galaxy clustering. We show that the typical halo mass of central and satellite galaxies increases with stellar mass, whereas the satellite fraction decreases with stellar mass, qualitatively the same as is seen at z < 1. We see little evidence of any redshift dependence in the stellar mass-to-halo mass relationship over our narrow redshift range. However, when we compare with similar measurements at z~0, we see clear evidence for a change in this relation. If we assume a universal baryon fraction, the ratio of stellar mass to halo mass reveals the fraction of baryons that have been converted to stars. We see that the peak in this star formation efficiency for central galaxies shifts to higher halo masses at higher redshift, moving from ~7x10^11 Msun at z~0 to ~3x10^12 Msun at z~1.5, revealing evidence of `halo downsizing'. Finally we show that for highly biased galaxy populations at z > 1 there may be a discrepancy between the measured space density and clustering and that predicted by the halo model. This could imply that there is a problem with one or more ingredients of the halo model at these redshifts, for instance the halo bias relation or the halo profile.

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