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arXiv 1004.1173astro-ph.CO
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SDSS类星体成团对黑洞占空比和黑洞晕关系的限制

Constraints on black hole duty cycles and the black hole-halo relation from SDSS quasar clustering

Francesco Shankar, David H. Weinberg, Yue Shen

摘要:

我们使用Shen et al.的(2009年)测量的亮度依赖集群在SDSS数据发布5类星体目录,在红移0.4 < z < 2.5,以约束类星体光度和主机晕质量之间的关系,并推断占空比f_opt,黑洞的比例,闪耀的光学发光类星体在给定的时间。我们假设类星体的光度和宿主晕质量之间存在一个单调的平均关系,对数正态散射系数为0。对于特定的f_opt和f_max,匹配观测到的类星体空间密度决定了亮度-晕质量关系的归一化,由此我们预测了聚类偏差。数据显示,类星体样本的暗半和亮半之间的偏差没有变化,但最亮的10%的偏差略有增加。在样品的平均红移z=1.45处,数据可以通过具有小的本征散射(λ =0.1 dex)和占空比f_opt=6*10^(-4)的模型或具有更大占空比和更大散射值的模型来很好地描述。黑洞质量群的“连续性方程”模型意味着在这个质量和红移范围内f_opt > 2*10^(-3),而这个约束与聚类测量的结合意味着散射系数> 0.4 dex。这些发现与从z~4处的高光度类星体的更强集群推断的结果形成对比,后者要求光度和晕质量之间的散射最小,占空比接近1。

英文摘要:

We use Shen et al.'s (2009) measurements of luminosity-dependent clustering in the SDSS Data Release 5 Quasar Catalog, at redshifts 0.4 < z < 2.5, to constrain the relation between quasar luminosity and host halo mass and to infer the duty cycle f_opt, the fraction of black holes that shine as optically luminous quasars at a given time. We assume a monotonic mean relation between quasar luminosity and host halo mass, with log-normal scatter Σ. For specified f_opt and Σ, matching the observed quasar space density determines the normalization of the luminosity-halo mass relation, from which we predict the clustering bias. The data show no change of bias between the faint and bright halves of the quasar sample but a modest increase in bias for the brightest 10%. At the mean redshift z=1.45 of the sample, the data can be well described either by models with small intrinsic scatter (Σ=0.1 dex) and a duty cycle f_opt=6*10^(-4) or by models with much larger duty cycles and larger values of the scatter. "Continuity equation" models of the black hole mass population imply f_opt > 2*10^(-3) in this range of masses and redshifts, and the combination of this constraint with the clustering measurements implies scatter Σ> 0.4 dex. These findings contrast with those inferred from the much stronger clustering of high-luminosity quasars at z~4, which require minimal scatter between luminosity and halo mass and duty cycles close to one.

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