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arXiv 1302.2912astro-ph.CO
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宇宙时间上的星系环境:z=1.6以来大质量星系周围的非演化径向星系分布

Galaxy environments over cosmic time: the non-evolving radial galaxy distributions around massive galaxies since z=1.6

Tomer Tal, Pieter G. van Dokkum, Marijn Franx, Joel Leja, David A. Wake, Katherine E. Whitaker

摘要:

我们提出了一个统计研究的大质量星系的环境中的四个红移箱之间的z=0.04和z=1.6,使用的数据从斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)和NEWFIRM中带巡天(NMBS)。我们测量了圆柱体中星系的投影径向分布,围绕一个常数密度选择的大质量星系样本,并利用污染源的统计减法。我们的分析表明,大质量的主星系通常生活在群晕中,并被2到3个质量超过主星系质量十分之一的卫星星系所包围。这些卫星星系中累积的恒星质量大约等于主星系本身的质量。我们进一步发现,在过去的9.5 Gyr的径向数密度分布的星系周围的大质量的原色没有演变显着的斜率或整体归一化。一个简单的解释,这一结果可以被视为证据缺乏合并的研究组和支持静态演化模型的晕包含大量的原色。另外,在合并和新卫星的吸积之间存在着一种紧密的平衡,这样在晕内和周围的星系的整体分布就被保留下来了。后一种解释是支持比较半解析模型,它显示了类似的恒定平均卫星分布在相同的红移范围。

英文摘要:

We present a statistical study of the environments of massive galaxies in four redshift bins between z=0.04 and z=1.6, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the NEWFIRM Medium Band Survey (NMBS). We measure the projected radial distribution of galaxies in cylinders around a constant number density selected sample of massive galaxies and utilize a statistical subtraction of contaminating sources. Our analysis shows that massive primary galaxies typically live in group halos and are surrounded by 2 to 3 satellites with masses more than one-tenth of the primary galaxy mass. The cumulative stellar mass in these satellites roughly equals the mass of the primary galaxy itself. We further find that the radial number density profile of galaxies around massive primaries has not evolved significantly in either slope or overall normalization in the past 9.5 Gyr. A simplistic interpretation of this result can be taken as evidence for a lack of mergers in the studied groups and as support for a static evolution model of halos containing massive primaries. Alternatively, there exists a tight balance between mergers and accretion of new satellites such that the overall distribution of galaxies in and around the halo is preserved. The latter interpretation is supported by a comparison to a semi-analytic model, which shows a similar constant average satellite distribution over the same redshift range.

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