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arXiv 0903.0665astro-ph.CO
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盘状星系周围的热气晕:宇宙学模拟与观测的对抗

Hot gas halos around disk galaxies: Confronting cosmological simulations with observations

Jesper Rasmussen, Jesper Sommer-Larsen, Kristian Pedersen, Sune Toft, Andrew Benson, Richard G. Bower, Lisbeth F. Grove

摘要:

盘状星系形成的模型通常预测在低红移的大质量螺旋周围存在着一个扩展的热气体吸积库。作为这些模型的测试,我们使用两个巨大的,静态的边缘上的螺旋NGC 5746和NGC 5170的X射线和H-α数据,以调查任何热气体在其晕的数量和起源。与我们先前的说法相反,钱德拉分析NGC 5746,采用最近的校准数据,没有显示任何明显的证据,扩散X射线发射光盘外,与3西格玛上限的晕X射线光度为4 e39 erg/s。对质量较小的NGC 5170的相同研究也未能检测到任何平面外的X射线发射。通过提取热晕属性的盘星系形成的宇宙学流体动力学模拟,我们比较这些结果的期望宇宙学吸积的热气螺旋。对于银河系大小的星系,这些高分辨率的模拟预测热晕X射线光度比Toft等人(2002)报告的结果低约2倍。我们发现新的模拟预测与我们对NGC 5746和NGC 5170的观测约束一致,同时也证实了迄今为止在更活跃的恒星形成螺旋周围检测到的热气体通常可能与盘中的恒星活动有关。静止的盘星系在高质量端的观测结果仍然提供了强大的约束理论预测,因此,在盘星系形成和演化的数值研究假设的输入物理。

英文摘要:

Models of disk galaxy formation commonly predict the existence of an extended reservoir of accreted hot gas surrounding massive spirals at low redshift. As a test of these models, we use X-ray and H-alpha data of the two massive, quiescent edge-on spirals NGC 5746 and NGC 5170 to investigate the amount and origin of any hot gas in their halos. Contrary to our earlier claim, the Chandra analysis of NGC 5746, employing more recent calibration data, does not reveal any significant evidence for diffuse X-ray emission outside the optical disk, with a 3-sigma upper limit to the halo X-ray luminosity of 4e39 erg/s. An identical study of the less massive NGC 5170 also fails to detect any extraplanar X-ray emission. By extracting hot halo properties of disk galaxies formed in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we compare these results to expectations for cosmological accretion of hot gas by spirals. For Milky Way-sized galaxies, these high-resolution simulations predict hot halo X-ray luminosities which are lower by a factor of ~2 compared to our earlier results reported by Toft et al. (2002). We find the new simulation predictions to be consistent with our observational constraints for both NGC 5746 and NGC 5170, while also confirming that the hot gas detected so far around more actively star-forming spirals is in general probably associated with stellar activity in the disk. Observational results on quiescent disk galaxies at the high-mass end are nevertheless providing powerful constraints on theoretical predictions, and hence on the assumed input physics in numerical studies of disk galaxy formation and evolution.

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