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arXiv 0812.0586astro-ph
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近层流轨道中的I型行星迁移

Type I Planet Migration in Nearly Laminar Disks

H. Li, S. H. Lubow, S. Li, D. N. C. Lin

摘要:

我们描述了2D流体动力学模拟迁移的低质量行星($\leq 30 M_{\oplus}$)在近层流盘(粘度参数$α< 10^{-3}$)在几千个轨道周期的时间尺度。我们考虑的磁盘质量的1,2和5倍的最小质量的太阳星云,磁盘厚度参数$H/r = 0.035$和0.05,和各种$α$值和行星质量。磁盘自重完全包括在内。先前的分析工作表明,对于$α\sim 10^{-4}$,I型行星的迁移可以在湍流粘度足够低的圆盘中停止。停止是由于破碎密度波的反馈效应,其导致轻微的质量重新分布,并因此增加向外的扭矩贡献。模拟证实了临界质量($M_{cr} \sim 10 M_{\oplus}$)的存在,超过该临界质量,迁移在近层流盘中停止。对于$α\ga 10^{-3}$,密度反馈效应消失,I型迁移持续存在。临界质量与Rafikov(2002)的分析模型符合得很好。此外,对于$α\la 10^{-4}$来说,陡峭的密度梯度会产生涡旋不稳定性,导致行星轨道的小的时变偏心率和轻微的向外迁移。在近层流盘中的迁移可能足够慢,以使迁移理论的时间尺度与核心吸积模型中的巨行星形成的时间尺度相一致。

英文摘要:

We describe 2D hydrodynamic simulations of the migration of low-mass planets ($\leq 30 M_{\oplus}$) in nearly laminar disks (viscosity parameter $α< 10^{-3}$) over timescales of several thousand orbit periods. We consider disk masses of 1, 2, and 5 times the minimum mass solar nebula, disk thickness parameters of $H/r = 0.035$ and 0.05, and a variety of $α$ values and planet masses. Disk self-gravity is fully included. Previous analytic work has suggested that Type I planet migration can be halted in disks of sufficiently low turbulent viscosity, for $α\sim 10^{-4}$. The halting is due to a feedback effect of breaking density waves that results in a slight mass redistribution and consequently an increased outward torque contribution. The simulations confirm the existence of a critical mass ($M_{cr} \sim 10 M_{\oplus}$) beyond which migration halts in nearly laminar disks. For $α\ga 10^{-3}$, density feedback effects are washed out and Type I migration persists. The critical masses are in good agreement with the analytic model of Rafikov (2002). In addition, for $α\la 10^{-4}$ steep density gradients produce a vortex instability, resulting in a small time-varying eccentricity in the planet's orbit and a slight outward migration. Migration in nearly laminar disks may be sufficiently slow to reconcile the timescales of migration theory with those of giant planet formation in the core accretion model.

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