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arXiv 0806.1771astro-ph
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迁移行星的气体吸积演化

Evolution of Migrating Planets Undergoing Gas Accretion

Gennaro D'Angelo, Stephen H. Lubow

摘要:

我们分析了行星的轨道和质量的演变,通过2D和3D流体动力学模拟经历逃逸气体吸积。作为半径函数的每单位盘质量的盘扭矩分布为盘-行星相互作用的性质提供了重要的诊断。我们首先考虑固定质量的nonmigrating行星的扭矩分布,并表明有共振理论的预期一般协议。然后,我们提出的模拟结果的质量增加,迁移的行星。对于初始质量为5个地球质量的行星,它们嵌入在具有标准参数的圆盘中,并且经历逃逸气体吸积到一个木星质量(Mjup),每单位圆盘质量的扭矩分布在很大程度上不受给定行星质量的迁移和吸积的影响。这些行星的迁移率与行星迁移的标准理论(I型和II型迁移)的预测一致。行星质量的增长是通过在较低行星质量的邦迪半径、中等行星质量的希尔半径内的气体捕获,以及由于间隙形成而在较高行星质量处减少的吸积来实现的。在逃逸质量增长期间,一颗行星在达到~1兆焦耳的质量之前只向内迁移了大约20%的半径。对于上述模型,我们没有发现由共轨扭矩驱动的快速迁移(称为III型迁移)的证据。我们确实发现了III型迁移的证据,这是一个固定质量的行星,土星的质量,沉浸在一个寒冷而巨大的磁盘。在这种情况下,行星迁移被认为是在间隙形成之前开始的。迁移是通过一个模型来理解的,在这个模型中,扭矩是由于行星前侧的被困气体和行星后侧的环境气体之间的密度不对称造成的。

英文摘要:

We analyze the orbital and mass evolution of planets that undergo run-away gas accretion by means of 2D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations. The disk torque distribution per unit disk mass as a function of radius provides an important diagnostic for the nature of the disk-planet interactions. We first consider torque distributions for nonmigrating planets of fixed mass and show that there is general agreement with the expectations of resonance theory. We then present results of simulations for mass-gaining, migrating planets. For planets with an initial mass of 5 Earth masses, which are embedded in disks with standard parameters and which undergo run-away gas accretion to one Jupiter mass (Mjup), the torque distributions per unit disk mass are largely unaffected by migration and accretion for a given planet mass. The migration rates for these planets are in agreement with the predictions of the standard theory for planet migration (Type I and Type II migration). The planet mass growth occurs through gas capture within the planet's Bondi radius at lower planet masses, the Hill radius at intermediate planet masses, and through reduced accretion at higher planet masses due to gap formation. During run-away mass growth, a planet migrates inwards by only about 20% in radius before achieving a mass of ~1 Mjup. For the above models, we find no evidence of fast migration driven by coorbital torques, known as Type III migration. We do find evidence of Type III migration for a fixed mass planet of Saturn's mass that is immersed in a cold and massive disk. In this case the planet migration is assumed to begin before gap formation completes. The migration is understood through a model in which the torque is due to an asymmetry in density between trapped gas on the leading side of the planet and ambient gas on the trailing side of the planet.

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