In this paper we give a meaning to the nonlinear characteristic Cauchy problem for the Wave Equation in base form by replacing it by a family of non-characteristic problems in an appropriate algebra of generalized functions. We prove existence of a solution and we precise how it depends on the choice made. We also check that in the classical case (non-characteristic) our new solution coincides with the classical one.
The abstract first order Cauchy problem is solved in terms of Taylor's series leading to a series of operators which is a propagator. It is found that higher order Cauchy problems can be solved in the same way. Since derivatives of order lower than the Cauchy problem are built-in to the problem, it suffices to solve the higher order derivatives in terms of the lower order ones, in a simple way.
A theorem is proved on the uniform estimation of the residual term of the asymptotic expansion with respect to a small parameter of the solution of the initial problem for a singularly perturbed differential operator weakly nonlinear transport equation in the critical case.
We deal with an inverse problem arising in corrosion detection. The presence of corrosion damage is modeled by a nonlinear boundary condition on the inaccessible portion of the metal specimen. We propose a method for the approximate reconstruction of such a nonlinearity. A crucial step of this procedure, which encapsulates the major cause of the ill-posedness of the problem, consists of the solution of a Cauchy problem for an elliptic equation. For this purpose we propose an SVD approach.
In this paper we give an explicit representation of the solutions of a characteristic Cauchy problem for a class of PDEs with singular coefficients. We give the explicit solutions in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric functions, which enable us to study the singularities and the analytic continuation. Our results are illustrated through some examples.
Ivrii's conjecture asserts that the Cauchy problem is $C^{\infty}$ well-posed for any lower order term if every critical point of the principal symbol is effectively hyperbolic. Effectively hyperbolic critical point is at most triple characteristic. If every characteristic is at most double this conjecture has been proved in 1980's. In this paper we prove the conjecture for the remaining cases, that is for operators with triple effectively hyperbolic characteristics.
We discuss the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic operators with double characteristics which changes from non-effectively hyperbolic to effectively hyperbolic, on the double characteristic manifold, across a submanifold of codimension 1. We assume that there is no bicharacteristic tangent to the double characteristic manifold and the spatial dimension is 2. Then we prove the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem in all Gevrey classes assuming, on the double characteristic manifold, that the ratio of the imaginary part of the subprincipal symbol to the real eigenvalue of the Ha…
The purpose of this note is to prove the existence of a conformal scattering operator for the cubic defocusing wave equation on a non-stationary background. The proof essentially relies on solving the characteristic initial value problem by the method developed by Hörmander. This method consists in slowing down the propagation speed of the waves to transform a characteristic initial value problem into a standard Cauchy problem.
We study effectively hyperbolic operators $P$ with triple characteristics points lying on $t= 0$. Under some conditions on the principal symbol of $P$ one proves that the Cauchy problem for $P$ in $[0, T] \times U$ is well posed for every choice of lower order terms. Our results improves those in [11] since we don't assume the condition (E) of [11] satisfied.
We study a class of third order hyperbolic operators $P$ in $G = Ω\cap \{0 \leq t \leq T\},\: Ω\subset \R^{n+1}$ with triple characteristics on $t = 0$. We consider the case when the fundamental matrix of the principal symbol for $t = 0$ has a couple of non vanishing real eigenvalues and $P$ is strictly hyperbolic for $t > 0.$ We prove that $P$ is strongly hyperbolic, that is the Cauchy problem for $P + Q$ is well posed in $G$ for any lower order terms $Q$.
We study the Cauchy problem for effectively hyperbolic operators $P$ with principal symbol $p(t, x,τ,ξ)$ having triple characteristics on $t = 0$. Under a condition (E) we show that such operators are strongly hyperbolic, that is the Cauchy problem is well posed for $p(t, x,D_t, D_x) + Q(t, x, D_t, D_x)$ with arbitrary lower order term $Q$. The proof is based on energy estimates with weight $t^{-N}$ for a first order pseudo-differential system, where $N$ depends on lower order terms. For our analysis we construct a non-negative definite symmetrizer $S(t)$ and we prove a version of Fefferman-Ph…
We consider the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation with a domain in R^d, d>2 with N cylindrical outlets to infinity with bounded inclusions in R^{d-1}. Cauchy data are prescribed on the boundary of the bounded domains and the aim is to find solution on the unbounded part of the boundary. In 1989, Kozlov and Maz'ya proposed an alternating iterative method for solving Cauchy problems associated with elliptic,self-adjoint and positive-definite operators in bounded domains. Different variants of this method for solving Cauchy problems associated with Helmholtz-type operators exists. We cons…
We study a class of third order hyperbolic operators $P$ in $G = \{(t, x):0 \leq t \leq T, x \in U \Subset {\mathbb R}^{n}\}$ with triple characteristics at $ρ= (0, x_0, ξ), ξ\in {\mathbb R}^n \setminus \{0\}$. We consider the case when the fundamental matrix of the principal symbol of $P$ at $ρ$ has a couple of non-vanishing real eigenvalues. Such operators are called {\it effectively hyperbolic}. V. Ivrii introduced the conjecture that every effectively hyperbolic operator is {\it strongly hyperbolic}, that is the Cauchy problem for $P + Q$ is locally well posed for any lower order terms $Q$…
We prove here an energy estimate for the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic equations with double characteristics which contains both effectively hyperbolic and non effectively hyperbolic points.
We study a class of hyperbolic Cauchy problems, associated with linear operators and systems with polynomially bounded coefficients, variable multiplicities and involutive characteristics, globally defined on R^n. We prove well-posedness in Sobolev-Kato spaces, with loss of smoothness and decay at infinity. We also obtain results about propagation of singularities, in terms of wave-front sets describing the evolution of both smoothness and decay singularities of temperate distributions. Moreover, we can prove the existence of random-field solutions for the associated stochastic Cauchy problems…
Main purpose of this paper is to study the local propagation of singularities of viscosity solution to contact type evolutionary Hamilton-Jacobi equation $$ D_tu(t,x)+H(t,x,D_xu(t,x),u(t,x))=0. $$ An important issue of this topic is the existence, uniqueness and regularity of the strict singular characteristic. We apply the recent existence and regularity results on the Herglotz' type variational problem to the aforementioned Hamilton-Jacobi equation with smooth initial data. We obtain some new results on the local structure of the cut set of the viscosity solution near non-conjugate singular …
The subject of the paper is the Cauchy problem for the wave equation in a space-time cylinder $Ω\times{\mathbb R}$, $Ω\subset{\mathbb R}^2$, with the data on the surface $\partialΩ\times I$, where $I$ is a finite time interval. The algorithm for solving the Cauchy problem with the data on $S\times I$, $S\subset\partialΩ$, was obtained previously. Here we adapt this algorithm to the special case $S=\partialΩ$ and show that in this situation, the solution is determined with higher stability in comparison with the case $S\subsetneqq\partialΩ$.
An analogue of the Cauchy problem for the iterated multidimensional Klein- Gordon-Fock equation with a time-dependent Bessel operator is investigated. Applying the generalized Erdelyi-Kober operator of fractional order, the problem posed is reduced to the Cauchy problem for the polywave equation. An explicit formula for solving this problem is constructed by the spherical mean method. On the basis of the solution obtained, an integral representation of the solution of the problem is found.
The Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for the Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation is analyzed. With the focus on non-homogeneous boundary data, two approaches are offered: one is based on the theory of hyperbolic equations, while the other one uses the theory of operator semigroups. This is a mixed hyperbolic problem with a characteristic spatial boundary. Hence, the regularity results exhibit some deficiencies when compared with the non-characteristic case.
A particular solution of a higher-order non-homogeneous Cauchy-Euler equation
IPEIN, University of Carthage（迦太基大学）；LR18ES45, University of Carthage（迦太基大学）；ISAMM, University of Manouba（曼努巴大学）；LAMSIN, University of Tunis El Manar（突尼斯埃尔曼纳尔大学）
We will adopt an elementary approach to D-modules on Ran spaces in terms of two-limits; the aim here is to define the category of coherent D-modules, characteristic varieties and non-characteristic maps. An application will be the proof of the Cauchy-Kowaleski-Kashiwara theorem in this setting.
We give a local integral formula, valid on general curved space-times, for the characteristic Cauchy problem for the Dirac equation with arbitrary spin using the method developed by Friedlander in his book "the wave equation on a curved spacetime" (1975). The results obtained by Penrose in the flat case in "Null hypersurface initial data for classical fields of arbitrary spin for general relativity" (Gen. Rel. Grav 1980) are recovered directly. It is expected that this method can be used to obtain sharp estimates for the characteristic Cauchy problem for the Dirac equation.
For a homogeneous polynomial $p$ in $ξ\in {\bf R}^n$ with Gevrey coefficients, it is known that the Cauchy problem for any realization of $p$ is well-posed in the Gevrey class of order $s<2$ if the characteristic roots are real. In this note, we give examples showing the situation of the converse direction, in particular the optimality of the Gevrey order $s=2$.
The Pavlov equation is one of the simplest integrable systems of vector fields arising from various problems of mathematical physics and differential geometry which are intensively studied in recent literature. In this report, solving a nonlinear Riemann-Hilbert problem via a Newtonian iteration scheme, we complete the inverse scattering theory and prove a short time unique solvability of the Cauchy problem of the Pavlov equation with large initial data.
On arbitrary spacetimes, we study the characteristic Cauchy problem for Dirac fields on a light-cone. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions in the future of the light-cone inside a geodesically convex neighbourhood of the vertex. This is done for data in $L^2$ and we give an explicit definition of the space of data on the light-cone producing a solution in $H^1$. The method is based on energy estimates following L. Hörmander (J.F.A. 1990). The data for the characteristic Cauchy problem are only a half of the field, the other half is recovered from the characteristic data by integr…
We extend the results of a work by L. Hörmander in 1990 concerning the resolution of the characteristic Cauchy problem for second order wave equations with regular first order potentials. The geometrical background of this work was a spatially compact spacetime with smooth metric. The initial data surface was spacelike or null at each point and merely Lipschitz. We lower the regularity hypotheses on the metric and potential and obtain similar results. The Cauchy problem for a spacelike initial data surface is solved for a Lipschitz metric and coefficients of the first order potential that are …
In this paper we study the spacelike-characteristic Cauchy problem for the Einstein vacuum equations. We prove that given initial data on a maximal compact spacelike hypersurface $Σ\simeq \overline{B(0,1)} \subset \mathbb{R}^3$ and the outgoing null hypersurface $\mathcal{H}$ emanating from $\partial Σ$, the time of existence of a solution to the Einstein vacuum equations is controlled by low regularity bounds on the initial data at the level of curvature in $L^2$. The proof uses the bounded $L^2$ curvature theorem by Klainerman, Szeftel and Rodnianski, the extension procedure for the constrai…
In this paper, the method of constructing the asymptotics of the fundamental solution of the Cauchy problem for a degenerate linear parabolic equation with small diffusion is considered. Based on the results obtained in \cite{dn}, the study extends them over the case of a degenerate equation. As in \cite{dn}, the main technique that allows us to switch from pseudo-differential equations to partial differential equations is the non-oscillating WKB method. A distinctive feature of this work is a more detailed consideration on the characteristics of the Green's function in terms of symplectic geo…
We prove the global existence of the non-negative unique mild solution for the Cauchy problem of the cutoff Boltzmann equation for soft potential model $-1\leq γ< 0$ with the small initial data in three dimensional space. Thus our result fixes the gap for the case $γ=-1$ in three dimensional space in the authors' previous work where the estimate for the loss term was improperly used. The other gap there for the case $γ=0$ in two dimensional space is recently fixed by Chen, Denlinger and Pavlović. The initial data $f_{0}$ is non-negative, small in weighted $L^{3}_{x,v}$ and finite in weighted $…
We define and study a generalization of the analytic Cauchy problem, that specializes to the Cauchy-Kowaleskaya-Kashiwara problem in the linear case. The main leitmotive of this text is to adapt Kashiwara's formulation of this problem both to the relatively D-algebraic case and to the derived analytic situation. Along the way, we define the characteristic variety of a derived nonlinear partial differential system.
We continue our study of the Cauchy problem for the homogeneous (real and complex) Monge-Ampere equation (HRMA/HCMA). In the prequel a quantum mechanical approach for solving the HCMA was developed, and was shown to coincide with the well-known Legendre transform approach in the case of the HRMA. In this article---that uses tools of convex analysis and can be read independently---we prove that the candidate solution produced by these methods ceases to solve the HRMA, even in a weak sense, as soon as it ceases to be differentiable.
We revisit the 2D Cauchy problem of nonhomogeneous heat conducting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in $\mathbb{R}^2$. For the initial density allowing vacuum at infinity, we derive the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions provided that the initial density and the initial magnetic decay not too slowly at infinity. In particular, the initial data can be arbitrarily large. This improves our previous work where the initial density has non-vacuum states at infinity. The result could also be viewed as an extension of the study in L{ü}-Xu-Zhong for the inhomogeneous case to the ful…
In this paper we prove that for a class of non-effectively hyperbolic operators with smooth triple characteristics the Cauchy problem is well posed in the Gevrey 2 class, beyond the generic Gevrey class $ 3/2 $ (see e.g. \cite{Bro}). Moreover we show that this value is optimal.
We consider the Cauchy problem for doubly nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations with inhomogeneous density on noncompact Riemannian manifolds. We give a qualitative classification of the behavior of the solutions of the problem depending on the behavior of the density function at infinity and the geometry of the manifold, which is described in terms of its isoperimetric function. We establish for the solutions properties as: stabilization of the solution to zero for large times, finite speed of propagation, universal bounds of the solution, blow up of the interface. Each one of these behavi…
We prove a completeness result for a class of polynomial solutions of the wave equation called wave polynomials and construct generalized wave polynomials, solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with a variable coefficient. Using the transmutation (transformation) operators and their recently discovered mapping properties we prove the completeness of the generalized wave polynomials and use them for an explicit construction of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Klein-Gordon equation. Based on this result we develop a numerical method for solving the Cauchy problem and test its performa…
We consider the Cauchy problem for weakly hyperbolic $m$-th order partial differential equations with coefficients low-regular in time and smooth in space. It is well-known that in general one has to impose Levi conditions to get $C^\infty$ or Gevrey well-posedness even if the coefficients are smooth. We use moduli of continuity to describe the regularity of the coefficients with respect to time, weight sequences for the characterization of their regularity with respect to space and weight functions to define the solution spaces. Furthermore, we propose a generalized Levi condition that models…
Many physical systems are described by partial differential equations (PDEs). Determinism then requires the Cauchy problem to be well-posed. Even when the Cauchy problem is well-posed for generic Cauchy data, there may exist characteristic Cauchy data. Characteristics of PDEs play an important role both in Mathematics and in Physics. I will review the theory of characteristics and bicharacteristics of PDEs, with a special emphasis on intrinsic aspects, i.e., those aspects which are invariant under general changes of coordinates. After a basically analytic introduction, I will pass to a modern,…
In this work, we study the Cauchy problem for the spatially homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzamnn equation with Maxwellian molecules. We prove that this Cauchy problem enjoys Gelfand-Shilov regularizing effect, that means the smoothing properties is same as the Cauchy problem defined by the evolution equation associated to a fractional harmonic oscillator. The power of this fractional is exactly the singular index of non-cutoff collisional kernel of Boltzmann operator. So that we get the regularity of solution in the Gevery class with the sharp power and the optimal exponential decay of solutions. …
We study uniqueness of flows of probability measures solving the Cauchy problem for nonlinear Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation with unbounded coefficients. Sufficient conditions for uniqueness are indicated and examples of non-uniqueness are constructed.
The exact solution of the Cauchy problem for a generalized "linear" vectorial Fokker-Planck equation is found using the disentangling techniques of R. Feynman and algebraic (operational) methods. This approach may be considered as a generalization of the Masuo Suzuki's method for solving the 1-dimensional linear Fokker-Planck equation.
The global characteristic initial value problem for linear wave equations on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds is examined, for a class of smooth initial value hypersurfaces satisfying favourable global properties. First it is shown that, if geometrically well-motivated restrictions are placed on the supports of the (smooth) initial datum and of the (smooth) inhomogeneous term, then there exists a continuous global solution which is smooth "on each side" of the initial value hypersurface. A uniqueness result in Sobolev regularity $H^{1/2+\varepsilon}_\mathrm{loc}$ is proved among soluti…
We construct Hadamard states for Klein-Gordon fields in a spacetime $M_{0}$ equal to the interior of the future lightcone $C$ from a base point $p$ in a globally hyperbolic spacetime $(M, g)$. Under some regularity conditions at future infinity of $C$, we identify a boundary symplectic space of functions on $C$, which allows to construct states for Klein-Gordon quantum fields in $M_{0}$ from states on the CCR algebra associated to the boundary symplectic space. We formulate the natural microlocal condition on the boundary state on $C$ ensuring that the bulk state it induces in $M_{0}$ satisfie…
We present a general method of solving the Cauchy problem for multidimensional parabolic (diffusion type) equation with variable coefficients which depend on spatial variable but do not change over time. We assume the existence of the $C_0$-semigroup (this is a standard assumption in the evolution equations theory, which guarantees the existence of the solution) and then find the representation (based on the family of translation operators) of the solution in terms of coefficients of the equation and initial condition. It is proved that if the coefficients of the equation are bounded, infinite…
We prove several results on the lifespan, regularity, and uniqueness of solutions of the Cauchy problem for the homogeneous complex and real Monge-Ampere equations (HCMA/HRMA) under various a priori regularity conditions. We use methods of characteristics in both the real and complex settings to bound the lifespan of solutions with prescribed regularity. In the complex domain, we characterize the C^3 lifespan of the HCMA in terms of analytic continuation of Hamiltonian mechanics and intersection of complex time characteristics. We use a conservation law type argument to prove uniqueness of sol…
We construct a conformal scattering theory for Dirac fields in the interior of a Reissner-Nordström-like black hole, between the black hole event horizon and the Cauchy horizon. The main result is a resolution of the characteristic Cauchy problem for the Dirac equation on the horizons by solving a system of wave equations and re-interpreting its solution as the components of the required Dirac solution.
General hypersurfaces of any causal character can be studied abstractly using the hypersurface data formalism. In the null case, we write down all tangential components of the ambient Ricci tensor in terms of the abstract data. Using this formalism, we formulate and solve in a completely abstract way the characteristic Cauchy problem of the Einstein vacuum field equations. The initial data is detached from any spacetime notion, and it is fully diffeomorphism and gauge covariant. The results of this paper put the characteristic problem on a similar footing as the standard Cauchy problem in Gene…
The limiting case of the system of equations of two-dimensional gas dynamics in the presence of the Coriolis force, which can be obtained under the assumption of a small pressure, is considered. With this approach, the equation for the velocity vector (transport equation) is split off from the system and can be solved separately. Using the method of stochastic perturbation along characteristics, we obtain an explicit asymptotic representation of a smooth solution of transport equations and analyze the process of formation of singularities of solution using a specific example. It is concluded t…
This paper is the second part of a trilogy dedicated to the following problem: given spherically symmetric characteristic initial data for the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field system with a cosmological constant $Λ$, with the data on the outgoing initial null hypersurface given by a subextremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole event horizon, study the future extendibility of the corresponding maximal globally hyperbolic development as a "suitably regular" Lorentzian manifold. In the first paper of this sequence, we established well posedness of the characteristic problem with general initial data. I…
In this paper, we are concerned with the Cauchy problem and wave-breaking phenomenon for a sine-type modified Camassa-Holm (alias sine-FORQ/mCH) equation. Employing the transport equations theory and the Littlewood-Paley theory, we first establish the local well-posedness for the strong solutions of the sine-FORQ/mCH equation in Besov spaces. In light of the Moser-type estimates, we are able to derive the blow-up criterion and the precise blow-up quantity of this equation in Sobolev spaces. We then give a sufficient condition with respect to the initial data to ensure the occurance of the wave…
We construct majorant functions $Φ(t,z)$ for the Mayer series of pressure satisfying a nonlinear differential equation of first order which can be solved by the method of characteristics. The domain $| z| <(eτ) ^{-1}$ of convergence of Mayer series is given by the envelop of characteristic intersections. For non negative potentials we derive an explicit solution in terms of the Lambert $W$ --function which is related to the exponential generating function $T$ of rooted trees as $T(x)=-W(-x)$. For stable potentials the solution is majorized by a non negative potential solution. There are many c…
