Chenyang Xu
We discuss the strong rational connectedness of smooth rationally connected surfaces. We prove in lots of cases, including the smooth locus of a log del Pezzo surface, the rational connectedness indeed implies the strong rational conectedness. This confirms a conjecture due to Hassett and Tschinkel in \cite{ht08}.
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In this paper the notion of rational simple connectedness for the quintic Fano threefold $V_5\subset \mathbb{P}^6$ is studied and unirationality of the moduli spaces $\overline{M}_{0,0}^{\text{bir}}(V_5,d)$, with $d \ge 1$, is proved. Many further unirationality results for special moduli spaces of rational curves on quadric hypersurfaces and del Pezzo surfaces are obtained via explicit birational methods.
We prove a conjecture of V. V. Shokurov which in particular implies that the fibers of a resolution of a variety with divisorial log terminal singularities are rationally chain connected.
In this paper we prove two results about the rational chain connectedness for klt threefolds with anti-big canonical divisors in the relative setting.
The notion of 'slope rational connectedness' is introduced in the context of smooth orbifold pairs. The main result parallels the characterization of the rational connectedness of projective manifolds in terms of either the non-existence of holomorphic covariant tensors, or of absence of fibrations onto manifolds with pseudo-effective canonical bundle, or of existence of movable classes for which the minimal slope of the tangent bundle is positive. We then use this result to construct the `rational quotient map' in orbifold category.
Campana rational connectedness and weak approximation
本文证明了复曲线上Campana纤维化在良好约化位置处Campana截面的弱逼近性质，并验证了环状Campana轨道体的更强有理连通性，关键工具为对数几何与稳定对数映射模栈。
In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to a conjecture in the Minimal Model Program. We prove that log $Q$-Fano varieties of dim $n$ are rationally connected. We also study the behavior of the canonical bundles under projective morphisms.
In this paper, the technique of foliations in characteristic $p$ is used to investigate the difference between rational connectedness and separable rational connectedness in positive characteristic. The notion of being freely rationally connected is defined; a variety is freely rationally connected if a general pair of points can be connected by a free rational curve. It is proved that a freely rationally connected variety admits a finite purely inseparable morphism to a separably rationally connected variety. As an application, a generalized Graber-Harris-Starr type theorem in positive charac…
In this paper, we show that projective globally $F$-regular threefolds, defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p\geq 11$, are rationally chain connected.
Campana separable rational connectedness of toric orbifold
本文证明了光滑非klt轨道折叠具有可分离Campana有理连通性，并展示了在正特征下，某些奇异加权射影空间不满足此性质。
In this short note we prove that in many cases the failure of a variety to be separably rationally connected is caused by the instability of the tangent sheaf (if there are no other obvious reasons). A simple application of the results proves that a smooth Fano complete intersection is separably rationally connected if and only if it is separably uniruled. In particular, a general such Fano complete intersection is separably rationally connected.
Let X be any generalized flag variety with Picard group of rank one. Given a degree d, consider the Gromov-Witten variety of rational curves of degree d in X that meet three general points. We prove that, if this Gromov-Witten variety is rationally connected for all large degrees d, then the structure constants of the small quantum K-theory ring of X vanish for large degrees.
Rational chain connectedness in the complex analytic setting
本文通过最小模型程序扩展了有理链连通性定理，证明了复分析kawamata log终端奇点的解析性纤维具有有理链连通性。
In this paper, we prove that: For any given finitely many distinct points $P_1,...,P_r$ and a closed subvariety $S$ of codimension $\geq 2$ in a complete toric variety over a uncountable (characteristic 0) algebraically closed field, there exists a rational curve $f:\mathbb{P}^1\to X$ passing through $P_1,...,P_r$, disjoint from $S\setminus \{P_1,...,P_r\}$ (see Main Theorem). As a corollary, we prove that the smooth loci of complete toric varieties are strongly rationally connected.
On a general Fano hypersurface in projective space, we determine for infinitely many $k$ the minimal degree $e$ of a rational curve through a general collection of $k$ points. In the case of a hypersurface of index 1, our results hold for all $k\geq 1$. In an appendix, M.C. Chang proves an arithmetical result which implies that in the case of index $>1$, the density of the set of curve degrees $e$ covered by our method is approximately $\frac{(n-d)(d-\frac{5}{2})}{(n-2)d}$.
Unirationality is the same thing as Rational Connectedness in Characteristic Zero
本文证明特征零域上光滑射影变体的单有理性、有理连通性与有理链连通性等价，通过引入MU(X)并结合MRC纤维丛与归纳论证完成证明。
Rationally connectedness and O'Grady's generalized Franchetta conjecture for K3 surfaces
本文利用Bergeron--Li的同调结果，证明了在万有K3曲面有理连通时（含亏格22），O'Grady广义Franchetta猜想成立。
We define, for smooth projective orbifold pairs $(X,D)$ notions of `slope Rational connectedness', and of orbifold `slope Rational quotient' . These notions extend to this larger context the classical notions of rationally connected manifold and `rational quotient' (sometimes called `MRC fibration'). Our notions and proofs work entirely in characteristic zero, and are based on the consideration of foliations with minimal positive slope with respect to some suitable movable class. The existence of covering or connecting families of `orbifold rational curves' is indeed presently unknown in the o…
On rational chain connectedness of globally +-regular varieties
本文研究了全局$+$-正则簇的有理链连通性，证明了其在特定条件下的连通性，并引入了强全局$+$-正则的概念。
It is well known that a smooth projective Fano variety is rationally connected. Recently Zhang (and later Hacon and McKernan as a special case of their work on the Shokurov RC-conjecture) proved that the same conclusion holds for a klt pair $(X,\D)$ such that $-(K_X+\D)$ is big and nef. We prove here a natural generalization of the above result by dropping the nefness assumption. Namely we show that a klt pair $(X,\D)$ such that $-(K_X+\D)$ is big is rationally connected modulo the non-nef locus of $-(K_X+\D)$. This result is a consequence of a more general structure theorem for arbitrary pair…
Given a morphism between smooth projective varieties $f: W \to X$, we study whether $f$-relatively free rational curves imply the existence of $f$-relatively very free rational curves. The answer is shown to be positive when the fibers of the map $f$ have Picard number 1 and a further smoothness assumption is imposed. The main application is when $X \subset \PP^n$ is a smooth complete intersection of type $(d_1, ..., d_c)$ and $\sum d_i^2 \leq n$. In this case, we take $W$ to be the space of pointed lines contained in $X$ and the positive answer to the question implies that $X$ contains very t…
We show that an $n$-dimensional compact Kähler manifold $X$ admitting a non-degenerate meromorphic map $f:{\bf C}^n\to X$ of order $ρ_f<2$ is rationally connected.
Campana Rational Connectedness and Weak Approximation of Del Pezzo Orbifolds
本文证明低次及具不可约边界的高次del Pezzo轨形族是强Campana无理性覆盖的，从而推出Campana有理连通性，为弱逼近定理提供二维非环面例子，并在附录中分类了次数6、7、8的情形。
Separable rational connectedness and $k$-plane sections of hypersurfaces
该研究证明了在特定条件下，超曲面具有可分离的有理连通性，并探讨了k-平面截面与线性截面空间的关系。
In this paper we study varieties covered by rational or elliptic curves. First, we show that images of Calabi-Yau or irreducible symplectic varieties under rational maps are almost always rationally connected. Second, we investigate elliptically connected and elliptically chain connected varieties, and varieties swept out by a family of elliptic curves. Among other things, we show that Calabi-Yau or hyperkähler manifolds which are covered by a family of elliptic curves contain uniruled divisors and that elliptically chain connected varieties of dimension at least two contain a rational curve, …
Unirationality is the Same as Rational Connectedness in Characteristic Zero
本文通过构造类似 MRC 纤维化的 MU 纤维化，证明了特征零域上光滑簇的单有理性、有理连通性与有理链连通性等价，并指出 MRC 商非单有理覆盖。
Naive $\mathbb{A}^1$-connectedness of retract rational varieties
本文在无限域情形下改进收缩有理簇的 $\mathbb{A}^1$-连通性结果，证明光滑紧致收缩有理簇具有朴素 $\mathbb{A}^1$-连通性。
In this short note we give a characterization of smooth projective varieties of Picard number one that are separably uniruled but not separably rationally connected. We also give a sufficient condition involving the torsion order and the uniruling index for a smooth Fano variety of Picard number one to be separably rationally connected. As an application, we prove some weak approximation results for Fano complete intersections in positive charactersitic. For example, we show that weak approximation holds at place of strong potentially good reduction for a Fano complete intersection in $\mathbb…
A rationality criterion for real Fano threefolds
该研究探讨光滑几何有理法诺三维簇实轨迹的连通性，提出并证明了一个实合理性的充分准则，为相关几何对象的合理性分析提供了理论依据。
Rational connectedness for groups of proper projective similitudes
本文研究了特征不为2的域上二次型$φ$的真射影相似群${\bf PSim}^+(φ)$的有理连通性，给出了基于$φ$结构性质的充分条件，并构造了非有理连通的新二次型例子。
On rational connectedness and parametrization of finite Galois extensions
该研究围绕有理数域的$G$-伽罗瓦扩张的$R$-等价关系展开，确定了基本群族$G$的$R$-等价类，在$G$无通用扩张的情况下实现了对应伽罗瓦扩张的参数化。
Vanishing theorems and rational connectedness on holomorphic tensor fields
本文通过建立统一RC k-正的全纯向量丛的消散定理，证明了具有正k-瑞奇曲率的紧复流形的全纯切丛是统一RC k-正的，并应用该结果证明某些全纯张量场空间的平凡性及紧凯勒流形的有理连通性。
A plane curve is called strange if its tangent line at any smooth point passes through a fixed point, called the strange point. In this paper, we study $\mathbb{A}^1$-curves on the complement of a rational strange curve of degree $p$ in characteristic $p$. We prove the connectedness of the moduli spaces of $\mathbb{A}^1$-curves with given degree, classify their irreducible components, and exhibit the inseparable $\mathbb{A}^1$-connectedness via the $\mathbb{A}^1$-curves parameterized by each irreducible component. The key to these results is the strangeness of all $\mathbb{A}^1$-curves. As an …
We prove the irredcibility (and the rational connectedness) of the moduli spaces of (free) morphisms from a projective line to a successive blowing-up of a product of projective spaces if a suitable numerical condition on morphisms is provided (and also if all centers of the blowing-up are rationally connected).
In a previous paper, we proved that a projective Kähler manifold of positive total scalar curvature is uniruled. At the other end of the spectrum, it is a well-known theorem of Campana and Kollár-Miyaoka-Mori that a projective Kähler manifold of positive Ricci curvature is rationally connected. In the present work, we investigate the intermediate notion of $k$-positive Ricci curvature and prove that for a projective $n$-dimensional Kähler manifold of $k$-positive Ricci curvature the MRC fibration has generic fibers of dimension at least $n-k+1$. We also establish an analogous result for projec…
Manin's conjecture for semi-integral curves and $\mathbb A^1$-connectedness
本文研究了积分点的Log Manin猜想及其与$\mathbb A^1$-连通性的联系，证明了Campana有理曲线和分裂托里除数上的Log Manin猜想，并结合Cox环描述和Batyrev的启发式计数方法给出几何解释。
Let k be a p-adic field. Some time ago, D. Harbater [9] proved that any finite group G may be realized as a regular Galois group over the rational function field in one variable k(t), namely there exists a finite field extension $F/k(t)$, Galois with group G, such that F is a regular extension of k (i.e. k is algebraically closed in F). Moreover, one may arrange that a given k-place of k(t) be totally split in F. Harbater proved this theorem for k an arbitrary complete valued field. Rather formal arguments ([10, §4.5]; \S2 hereafter) then imply that the theorem holds over any `large' field k. …
In this paper, we introduce a concept of RC-positivity for Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles and prove that, if $E$ is an RC-positive vector bundle over a compact complex manifold $X$, then for any vector bundle $A$, there exists a positive integer $c_A=c(A,E)$ such that $$H^0(X,\mathrm{Sym}^{\otimes \ell}E^*\otimes A^{\otimes k})=0$$ for $\ell\geq c_A(k+1)$ and $k\geq 0$. Moreover, we obtain that, on a compact Kähler manifold $X$, if $Λ^p T_X$ is RC-positive for every $1\leq p\leq \dim X$, then $X$ is projective and rationally connected. As applications, we show that if a compact Kähler ma…
Kollar and Ruan proved symplectic deformation invariance for uniruledness of Kaehler manifolds. Zhiyu Tian proved the same for rational connectedness in dimension < 4. Kollar conjectured this in all dimensions. We prove Kollar's conjecture, as well as existence of a covering family of rational surfaces, for all Kaehler manifolds that are symplectically deformation equivalent to G/P or to a low degree complete intersection in such.
Under suitable hypotheses, we prove that a form of a projective homogeneous variety $G/P$ defined over the function field of a surface over an algebraically closed field has a rational point. The method uses an algebro-geometric analogue of simple connectedness replacing the unit interval by the projective line. As a consequence, we complete the proof of Serre's Conjecture II in Galois cohomology for function fields over an algebraically closed field.
Rationally Simply Connected Hypersurfaces in Orthogonal Grassmannians
本文研究正交格拉斯曼流形中低次超曲面的有理曲线模空间，并证明满足特定条件的超曲面具有有理数单连通性。
We introduce and develop the model-theoretic notions of absolute connectedness and type-absolute connectedness for groups. We prove that groups of rational points of split semisimple linear groups (that is, Chevalley groups) over arbitrary infinite fields are absolutely connected and characterize connected Lie groups which are type-absolutely connected. We prove that the class of type-absolutely connected group is exactly the class of discretely topologized groups with trivial Bohr compactification, that is the class of minimally almost periodic groups. As an application we generalize some res…
A variety is rationally connected if two general points can be joined by a rational curve. A higher version of this notion is rational simple connectedness, which requires suitable spaces of rational curves through two points to be rationally connected themselves. We prove that smooth, complex, weighted complete intersections of low enough degree are rationally simply connected. This result has strong arithmetic implications for weighted complete intersections defined over the function field of a smooth, complex curve. Namely, it implies that these varieties satisfy weak approximation at all p…
$\mathbb{A}^1$-connectedness of moduli of semistable bundles and symplectic bundles on a curve
本文证明无限域上光滑射影曲线半稳定向量丛（固定行列式）及辛向量丛模栈的 $\mathbb{A}^1$-连通性，条件依赖于有理点存在，并推广至拟抛物情形。
We study the relationship between several notions of connectedness arising in ${\mathbb A}^1$-homotopy theory of smooth schemes over a field $k$: ${\mathbb A}^1$-connectedness, stable ${\mathbb A}^1$-connectedness and motivic connectedness, and we discuss the relationship between these notations and rationality properties of algebraic varieties. Motivically connected smooth proper $k$-varieties are precisely those with universally trivial $CH_0$. We show that stable ${\mathbb A}^1$-connectedness coincides with motivic connectedness, under suitable hypotheses on $k$. Then, we observe that there…
This paper contains a partial result on the Pierce--Birkhoff conjecture on piece-wise polynomial functions defined by a finite collection {f 1,. .., f r} of polynomials. In the nineteen eighties, generalizing the problem from the polynomial ring to an artibtrary ring $Σ$, J. Madden proved that the Pierce--Birkhoff conjecture for $Σ$ is equivalent to a statement about an arbitrary pair of points $α$, $β$ $\in$ Sper $Σ$ and their separating ideal < $α$, $β$ >, we refer to this statement as the local Pierce-Birkhoff conjecture at $α$, $β$. In [8] we introduced a slightly stronger conjecture, also…
We study symplectic geometry of rationally connected $3$-folds. The first result shows that rationally connectedness is a symplectic deformation invariant in dimension $3$. If a rationally connected $3$-fold $X$ is Fano or $b_2(X)=2$, we prove that it is symplectic rationally connected, i.e. there is a non-zero Gromov-Witten invariant with two insertions being the class of a point. Finally we prove that many rationally connected $3$-folds are birational to a symplectic rationally connected variety.
We show that $\mathbb A^1$-connectedness of a large class of varieties over a field $k$ can be characterized as the condition that their generic point can be connected to a $k$-rational point using (not necessarily naive) $\mathbb A^1$-homotopies. We also show that symmetric powers of $\mathbb A^1$-connected varieties (over an arbitrary field), as well as smooth proper models of them (over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$), are $\mathbb A^1$-connected. As an application of these results, we show that the standard norm varieties over a field $k$ of characteristic 0 become $\m…
Uniform RC-positivity of tangent bundles
本文证明有理连通射影流形切丛存在一致RC正度量，回答Yang的问题并刻画有理连通性；同时证明该性质在爆破下保持，并在非Kähler情形下对Hopf和Kato曲面构造度量并给出分类。
The cohomological dimension of a field is the largest degree with non-vanishing Galois cohomology. Serre's "Conjecture II" predicts that for every perfect field of cohomological dimension $2$, every torsor over the field for a semisimple, simply connected algebraic group is trivial. A field is perfect and "pseudo algebraically closed" (PAC) if every geometrically irreducible curve over the field has a rational point. These have cohomological dimension $1$. Every transcendence degree $1$ extension of such a field has cohomological degree $2$. We prove Serre's "Conjecture II" for such fields of …
We consider normal projective n-dimensional varieties X whose anticanonical divisor class -K is ample and where every Weil divisor is a rational multiple of K. The index i is the largest integer such that K/i exists as a Weil divisor. We show (i) if X has log-terminal singularities, and in addition 1-forms on the smooth part of X are holomorphic on a resolution, then (-K)^n =< (max(in,n+1))^n; (ii) if the tangent sheaf of X is semistable, then (-K)^n =<(2n)^n. The proof is based on some elementary but possibly surprising slope estimates on sheaves of differential operators on plurianticanonica…
We start to study the problem of classifying smooth proper varieties over a field k from the standpoint of A^1-homotopy theory. Motivated by the topological theory of surgery, we discuss the problem of classifying up to isomorphism all smooth proper varieties having a specified A^1-homotopy type. Arithmetic considerations involving the sheaf of A^1-connected components lead us to introduce several different notions of connectedness in A^1-homotopy theory. We provide concrete links between these notions, connectedness of points by chains of affine lines, and various rationality properties of al…
A classical theorem by Hartshorne states that the dual graph of any arithmetically Cohen--Macaulay projective scheme is connected. We give a quantitative version of Hartshorne's result, in terms of Castelnuovo--Mumford regularity. If $X \subset \mathbb{P}^n$ is an arithmetically Gorenstein projective scheme of regularity $r+1$, and if every irreducible component of $X$ has regularity $\le r'$, we show that the dual graph of $X$ is $\lfloor{\frac{r+r'-1}{r'}}\rfloor$-connected. The bound is sharp. We also provide a strong converse to Hartshorne's result: Every connected graph is the dual graph …
We investigate when the fundamental group of the smooth part of a K3 surface or Enriques surface with Du Val singularities, is finite. As a corollary we give an effective upper bound for the order of the fundamental group of the smooth part of a certain Fano 3-fold. This result supports Conjecture A below, while Conjecture A (or alternatively the rational connectedness conjecture in [KoMiMo] which is still open when the dimension is at least 4) would imply that every log terminal Fano variety has a finite fundamental group (now a Theorem of S. Takayama).
We study symplectic varieties defined over fields of positive characteristics, especially the supersingular ones, generalizing the theory of supersingular K3 surfaces. In this work, we are mainly interested in the following two types of symplectic varieties over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic, under natural numerical conditions: (1) smooth moduli spaces of sheaves on K3 surfaces and (2) smooth Albanese fibers of moduli spaces of sheaves on abelian surfaces. Several natural definitions of the supersingularity for symplectic varieties are discussed, which are proved to …
Analytic and Algebraic Oka-1 Approximation for Smooth Projective Morphisms with Rationally Connected Fibers
本文证明光滑射影态射（纤维有理连通）在开黎曼曲面上的连续提升可被全纯或代数逼近并插值，从而建立代数 Oka-1 性质与有理连通性的等价。
We show that the moduli space of all Calabi-Yau manifolds that can be realized as hypersurfaces described by a transverse polynomial in a four dimensional weighted projective space, is connected. This is achieved by exploiting techniques of toric geometry and the construction of Batyrev that relate Calabi-Yau manifolds to reflexive polyhedra. Taken together with the previously known fact that the moduli space of all CICY's is connected, and is moreover connected to the moduli space of the present class of Calabi-Yau manifolds (since the quintic threefold P_4[5] is both CICY and a hypersurface …
In this paper, we study a projective klt pair $(X, Δ)$ with the nef anti-log canonical divisor $-(K_X+Δ)$ and its maximally rationally connected fibration $ψ: X \dashrightarrow Y$. We prove that the numerical dimension of the anti-log canonical divisor $-(K_X+Δ)$ on $X$ coincides with that of the anti-log canonical divisor $-(K_{X_y}+Δ_{X_y})$ on a general fiber $X_y$ of $ψ: X \dashrightarrow Y$, which is an analogue of Ejiri-Gongyo's result formulated for the Kodaira dimension. As a corollary, we reveal a relation between positivity of the anti-canonical divisor and the rational connectedness…
In this article we consider exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on smooth complete rational surfaces. We show that to every such sequence one can associate a smooth complete toric surface in a canonical way. We use this structural result to prove various theorems on exceptional and strongly exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on rational surfaces. We construct full strongly exceptional sequences for a large class of rational surfaces. For the case of toric surfaces we give a complete classification of full strongly exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves.
We study weak approximation on rationally connected varieties under an assumption of strong approximation for a "simple" variety or under Schinzel's hypothesis. We also get some unconditional results.
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