Shigefumi Mori, Yuri Prokhorov
A Q-conic bundle germ is a proper morphism from a threefold with only terminal singularities to the germ $(Z \ni o)$ of a normal surface such that fibers are connected and the anti-canonical divisor is relatively ample. Building upon our previous paper [math/0603736], we prove the existence of a Du Val anti-canonical member under the assumption that the central fiber is irreducible.
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We study stable rationality properties of conic bundles over rational surfaces.
Roughly speaking, a conic bundle is a surface, fibered over a curve, such that the fibers are conics (not necessarily smooth). We define stability for conic bundles and construct a moduli space. We prove that (after fixing some invariants) these moduli spaces are irreducible (under some conditions). Conic bundles can be thought of as generalizations of orthogonal bundles on curves. We show that in this particular case our definition of stability agrees with the definition of stability for orthogonal bundles. Finally, in an appendix by I. Mundet i Riera, a Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence is st…
We obtain a sufficient condition for a Fano threefold with terminal singularities to have a conic bundle structure.
Given a holomorphic conic bundle without sections, we show that finite groups acting by its fiberwise bimeromorphic transformations are bounded. This provides an analog of a similar result obtained by T.Bandman and Yu.Zarhin for quasi-projective conic bundles.
For conic bundles on a smooth variety (over a field of characteristic $\ne 2$) which degenerate into pairs of distinct lines over geometric points of a smooth divisor, we prove a theorem which relates the Brauer class of the non-degenerate conic on the complement of the divisor to the covering class (Kummer class) of the 2-sheeted cover of the divisor defined by the degenerate conic, via the Gysin homomorphism in etale cohomology. This theorem is the algebro-geometric analogue of a topological result proved earlier.
We construct a relative Chow-Kunneth decomposition for a conic bundle over a surface such that the middle projector gives the Prym variety of the associated double covering of the discriminant of the conic bundle. This gives a refinement (up to an isogeny) of Beauville's theorem on the relation between the intermediate Jacobian of the conic bundle and the Prym variety of the double covering.
A $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle is a proper morphism from a threefold with only terminal singularities to a normal surface such that fibers are connected and the anti-canonical divisor is relatively ample. We study the structure of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundles near their singular fibers. One corollary to our main results is that the base surface of every $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle has only Du Val singularities of type A (a positive solution of a conjecture by Iskovskikh). We obtain the complete classification of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundles under the additional assumption that the singular fiber is irreduc…
We generalize a classical result by V. G. Sarkisov about standard models for conic bundles to the case of a not necessarily algebraically closed perfect field, using iterated root stacks, destackification, and resolution of singularities.
Discriminant divisors for conic bundles
本文研究一般光滑圆锥丛判别子的基础性质，并将其判别子与相对典范类平方的公式推广至任意特征。
This expository paper is concerned with the rationality problems for three-dimensional algebraic varieties with a conic bundle structure. We discuss the main methods of this theory. We sketch the proofs of certain principal results, and present some recent achievements. Many open problems are also stated.
We give the first examples of flat fiber type contractions of Fano manifolds onto varieties that are not weak Fano, and we prove that these morphisms are Fano conic bundles. We also review some known results about the interaction between the positivity properties of anticanonical divisors of varieties of contractions.
We define a categorical birational invariant for minimal geometrically rational surfaces with a conic bundle structure over a perfect field via components of a natural semiorthogonal decomposition. Together with the similar known result on del Pezzo surfaces, this provides a categorical birational invariant for geometrically rational surfaces.
Let k be an arbitrary field of characteristic zero. In this paper we study quotients of k-rational conic bundles over projective line by finite groups of automorphisms. We construct smooth minimal models for such quotients. We show that any quotient is birationally equivalent to a quotient of other k-rational conic bundle cyclic group of order $2^k$, dihedral group of order $2^k$, alternating group of degree $4$, symmetric group of degree $4$ or alternating group of degree $5$ effectively acting on the base of conic bundle. Also we construct infinitely many examples of such quotients which are…
A variety is unirational if it is dominated by a rational variety. A variety is rationally connected if two general points can be joined by a rational curve. This paper aims to show that the two notions can cooperate and, building on Graber-Harris-Starr celebrated result, it presents a unirationality statement for 3-fold conic bundles with "bounded" discriminant.
Random conic bundle surfaces satisfy the Hasse principle
本文研究随机锥面包层满足哈斯原理的问题，通过分析数学结构证明了该原理在特定条件下的成立。
A $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle germ is a proper morphism from a threefold with only terminal singularities to the germ $(Z \ni o)$ of a normal surface such that fibers are connected and the anti-canonical divisor is relatively ample. We obtain the complete classification of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle germs when the base surface germ is singular. This is a generalization of our previous paper math/0603736, which further assumed that the fiber over $o$ is irreducible.
We study the restrictions of rank 2 semistable vector bundles E on P^2 to conics. A Grauert-Mulich type theorem on the generic splitting is proven. The jumping conics are shown to have the scheme structure of a hypersurface J_{2} in P^5 of degree c_{2}(E) when c_{1}(E)=0 and of degree c_{2}(E)-1 when c_{1}(E)=-1. Some examples of jumping conics and jumping lines are studied in detail.
Potentially stably rational conic bundles over nonclosed fields
本文通过有限域扩张的Galois群作用于几何Picard格的上同调，研究了定义在非闭域上的P^1圆锥丛的稳定有理性。
Let $X$ be a rational elliptic surface with elliptic fibration $π:X\to\Bbb{P}^1$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of any characteristic. Given a conic bundle $φ:X\to\Bbb{P}^1$ we use numerical arguments to classify all possible fibers of $φ$ and study the interplay between singular fibers of $π$ and $φ$.
Conic bundles that are not birational to numerical Calabi--Yau pairs
本文证明了一般锥丛（分支曲线次数≥19）不双有理于任何具有有效反典范除子倍数的正规射影簇，并给出数域上的二维例子。
We discuss natural connections between three objects: quadratic forms with values in line bundles, conic bundles and quaternion orders. We use the even Clifford algebra, and the Brauer-Severi Variety, and other constructions to give natural bijections between these objects under appropriate hypothesis. We then restrict to a surface base and we express the second Chern class of the order in terms $K^3$ and other invariants of the corresponding conic bundle. We find the conic bundles corresponding to minimal del Pezzo quaterion orders and we discuss problems concerning their moduli.
Consider the Fano surface of a conic bundle embedded in $\mathbb P^5$. Let $i$ denote the natural involution acting on this surface. In this note we provide an obstruction to the identity action of the involution on the group of algebraically trivial zero cycles modulo rational equivalence on the surface.
We establish a formula for computing the unramified Brauer group of tame conic bundle threefolds in characteristic 2. The formula depends on the arrangement and residue double covers of the discriminant components, the latter being governed by Artin-Schreier theory (instead of Kummer theory in characteristic not 2). We use this to give new examples of threefold conic bundles defined over the integers that are not stably rational over the complex numbers.
What are the odds that a conic bundle over a finite field is rational?
研究有限域上直线定义的圆锥束合理性，固定退化纤维数\(n\)，通过伽罗瓦作用经外尔群\(W(D_n)\)将合理性归为带符号置换类型条件，利用相关工作及切博塔廖夫密度计算\(q\)趋于无穷时有理圆锥束的渐近比例。
Let $f:X\to S$ be an extremal contraction from a threefolds with terminal singularities onto a surface (so called Mori conic bundle). We study some particular cases of such contractions: quotients of usual conic bundles and index two contractions. Assuming Reid's general elephants conjecture we also obtain a rough classification. We present many examples.
On the unirationality of conic bundles with discriminant of degree eight
本文研究了判别次数为八的锥面的不可理化性，通过构造有理多截面和变形理论分析，揭示了其在不同域上的不可理化性质。
An Artin--Mumford criterion for conic bundles in characteristic two
本文建立特征二下圆锥丛非有理性的 Artin–Mumford 判据，既构造更明确的无理例子，也通过 Voisin 式退化方法推出特征零情形的非有理性结论。
Birational transformations of threefold $\mathbf{Q}$-conic bundles
本文针对三维$\mathbf{Q}$-圆锥丛，提出一种算法将其变换为标准形式，该丛满足终端$\mathbf{Q}$-阶乘奇点、反典范除子$f$-丰沛及相对皮卡数1等条件。
We show that a standard conic bundle over a minimal rational surface is rational and its Jacobian splits as the direct sum of Jacobians of curves if and only if its derived category admits a semiorthogonal decomposition by exceptional objects and the derived categories of those curves. Moreover, such a decomposition gives the splitting of the intermediate Jacobian also when the surface is not minimal.
Stable rationality of higher dimensional conic bundles
本文证明了在特定条件下，高维锥丛不具有稳定有理性，即反典范除子非丰沛且维数至少为3时，非常一般非奇异锥丛不是稳定有理的。
In this note we show the existence of a family of elliptic conic bundles in P^4 of degree 8. This family has been overlooked and in fact falsely ruled out in a series of classification papers. Our surfaces provide a counterexample to a conjecture of Ellingsrud and Peskine. According to this conjecture there should be no irregular m-ruled surface in P^4 for m at least 2.
We study the local structure of Mori contractions $f\colon X\to Z$ of relative dimension one under an additional assumption that there exists a reduced divisor $S$ such that $K_X+S$ is plt and anti-ample.
We study the groups of biholomorphic and bimeromorphic automorphisms of conic bundles over certain compact complex manifolds of algebraic dimension zero.
We consider elliptic curves whose coefficients are degree 2 polynomials in a variable t. We prove that for infinitely many values of t the resulting elliptic curve has rank at least 1. All such curves together form an algebraic surface which is birational to a conic bundle with 7 singular fibers. The main step of the proof is to show that such conic bundles are unirational. V.2: Main theorem is corrected for small finite fields.
On wall-crossing invariant combinations of Welschinger numbers for rational surfaces with a conic bundle
本文细化并推广了实枚举不变量到任意有理曲面，通过辅助圆锥丛与Pin结构构造，证明其独立性并建立递归计算关系。
For a given conic bundle X over a curve C defined over F_q, we count irreducible branch covers of C in X of degree d and height e>>1. As a special case, we get the number of algebraic numbers of degree d and height e over the function field F_q (C).
We derive a formula for the unramified Brauer group of a general class of rationally connected fourfolds birational to conic bundles over smooth threefolds. We produce new examples of conic bundles over P^3 where this formula applies and which have nontrivial unramified Brauer group. The construction uses the theory of contact surfaces and, at least implicitly, matrix factorizations and symmetric arithmetic Cohen--Macaulay sheaves, as well as the geometry of special arrangements of rational curves in P^2. We also prove the existence of universally CH_0-trivial resolutions for the general class…
An algorithmic reduction to canonical forms for vector bundles on anisotropic conics
本文提出一种多项式复杂度算法，将各向异性圆锥上向量丛的过渡矩阵约简为规范块对角形式，同时提供了一种分解向量丛为不可分解向量丛的代数证明。
Let $C$ be a genus 2 curve and $\su$ the moduli space of semi-stable rank 2 vector bundles on $C$ with trivial determinant. In \cite{bol:wed} we described the parameter space of non stable extension classes (invariant with respect to the hyperelliptic involution) of the canonical sheaf $ω$ of $C$ with $ω_C^{-1}$. In this paper we study the classifying rational map $ϕ: \pr Ext^1(ω,ω^{-1})\cong \pr^4 \dashrightarrow \su\cong \pr^3$ that sends an extension class on the corresponding rank two vector bundle. Moreover we prove that, if we blow up $\pr^4$ along a certain cubic surface $S$ and $\su$ a…
A conic bundle is a contraction $X\to Z$ between normal varieties of relative dimension $1$ such that $-K_X$ is relatively ample. We prove a conjecture of Shokurov which predicts that, if $X\to Z$ is a conic bundle such that $X$ has canonical singularities and $Z$ is $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein, then $Z$ is always $\frac{1}{2}$-lc, and the multiplicities of the fibers over codimension $1$ points are bounded from above by $2$. Both values $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ are sharp. This is achieved by solving a more general conjecture of Shokurov on singularities of bases of lc-trivial fibrations of relative …
In this paper we prove that, over a Hilbertian ground field, surfaces with two conic fibrations whose fibres have non-zero intersection product have the Hilbert property. We then give an application of this result, namely the verification of the Hilbert property for certain del Pezzo varieties.
Spinor modifications of conic bundles and derived categories of 1-nodal Fano threefolds
本文针对平坦二次曲线丛定义旋量修改构造新二次曲线丛，证明其偶克利福德代数Morita等价且导出范畴中基底导出范畴的正交补等价，并以非因子1-结点素法诺三维簇为例展示该技术，实现奇点范畴吸收。
Nonexistence of degree two rational multisections of conic bundles over the plane
本文证明判别式次数至少18的标准复二次丛不存在二次有理多截面，为证明Iskovskikh猜想（存在非单有理的三维二次丛）迈出关键一步，有望得到首个非单有理的有理连通代数簇。
Generic diagonal conic bundles revisited
本文证明了Schinzel假设在多项式满足Legendre符号及上下界约束时对100%的整数多项式n元组成立，确立了射影线上一般对角圆锥丛Brauer群的平凡性，并给出了自然族中对角圆锥丛存在有理点的概率下界。
Brauer groups of conic bundles over elliptic curves
本文研究数域上椭圆曲线的正则圆锥丛的Brauer群，在奇异纤维位于2-可除点且分歧域同构的条件下给出显式计算，并应用于一类Châtelet型曲面，进而分析实位点产生的Brauer-Manin障碍对弱逼近的影响。
Given two nonsingular real algebraic varieties V and W, we consider the problem of deciding whether a smooth map f: V -> W can be approximated by regular maps in the space of smooth maps from V to W. Our main result is a complete solution to this problem in case W is the usual 2-dimensional sphere and V is a real algebraic surface of negative Kodaira dimension.
We study a particular kind of fiber type contractions between complex, projective, smooth varieties f:X->Y, called Fano conic bundles. This means that X is a Fano variety, and every fiber of f is isomorphic to a plane conic. Denoting by rho_{X} the Picard number of X, we investigate such contractions when rho_{X}-rho_{Y} is greater than 1, called non-elementary. We prove that rho_{X}-rho_{Y} is at most 8, and we deduce new geometric information about our varieties, depending on rho_{X}-rho_{Y}. Moreover, when X is locally factorial with canonical singularities and with at most finitely many no…
We investigate the jumping conics of stable vector bundles $E$ of rank 2 on a smooth quadric surface $Q$ with the first Chern class $c_1=\Oo_Q(-1,-1)$ with respect to the ample line bundle $\Oo_Q(1,1)$. We show that the set of jumping conics of $E$ is a hypersurface of degree $c_2(E)-1$ in $\PP_3^*$. Using these hypersurfaces, we describe moduli spaces of stable vector bundles of rank 2 on $Q$ in the cases of lower $c_2(E)$.
In this article we study the transitivity of the group of automorphisms of real algebraic surfaces. We characterize real algebraic surfaces with very transitive automorphism groups. We give applications to the classification of real algebraic models of compact surfaces: these applications yield new insight into the geometry of the real locus, proving several surprising facts on this geometry. This geometry can be thought of as a half-way point between the biregular and birational geometries.
We study rational points on conic bundles over elliptic curves with positive rank over a number field. We show that the etale Brauer-Manin obstruction is insufficient to explain failures of the Hasse principle for such varieties. We then further consider properties of the distribution of the set of rational points with respect to its image in the rational points of the elliptic curve. In the process, we prove results on a local-to-global principle for torsion points on elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$.
A conjecture of Manin predicts the asymptotic distribution of rational points of bounded height on Fano varieties. In this paper we use conic bundles to obtain correct lower bounds or a wide class of surfaces over number fields for which the conjecture is still far from being proved. For example, we obtain the conjectured lower bound of Manin's conjecture for any del Pezzo surface whose Picard rank is sufficiently large, or for arbitrary del Pezzo surfaces after possibly an extension of the ground field of small degree.
We study certain pencils of del Pezzo surfaces generated by a smooth del Pezzo surface S of degree less or equal to 3 anti-canonically embedded into a weighted projective space P and an appropriate multiple of a hyperplane H. Our main observation is that every minimal model program relative to the morphism lifting such pencil on a suitable resolution of its indeterminacies preserves the open subset P H â A^3. As an application, we obtain projective completions of A^3 into del Pezzo fibrations over P^1 of every degree less or equal to 4. We also obtain completions of A^3 into Mori conic bundles…
On the birational geometry of conic bundles over the projective space
本文研究射影空间上一般极小圆锥丛的反典范有效性，依据判别式次数证明 $-K_Z$ 的伪有效与有效倍数判据，并构造高次数光滑单有理例子。
We investigate the jumping conics of stable vector bundles $\Ee$ of rank 2 on a smooth quadric surface $Q$ with the Chern classes $c_1=\Oo_Q(-1,-1)$ and $c_2=4$ with respect to the ample line bundle $\Oo_Q(1,1)$. We describe the set of jumping conics of $\Ee$, a cubic symmetroid in $\PP_3$, in terms of the cohomological properties of $\Ee$. As a consequence, we prove that the set of jumping conics, $S(\Ee)$, uniquely determines $\Ee$. Moreover we prove that the moduli space of such vector bundles is rational.
P. Ellia and G.Sacchiero have shown that if $S$ is a smooth surface in $\Pn 4$ which is ruled in conics, then $S$ has degree 4 or 5. In this paper we give a proof of this result combining the ideas of Ellia and Sacchiero as they are used in the paper of the second author on plane curve fibrations and the recent work of G. Fløystad and the first author bounding the degree of smooth surfaces in $\Pn 4$ not of general type.
Existence of minimal del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 with conic bundles over finite fields
本文研究有限域上度数为1的极小德尔皮佐表面的锥面结构，确定其存在性下界及特定类型不存在的q值，解决有限域上某些类型极小德尔皮佐表面的逆伽罗瓦问题。
We study real double covers of $\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^2$ branched over a $(2,2)$-divisor, which have the structure of a conic bundle threefold with smooth quartic discriminant curve via the second projection. In each isotopy class of smooth plane quartics, we construct examples where the total space of the conic bundle is rational. For five of the six isotopy classes we construct $\mathbb C$-rational examples that have obstructions to rationality over $\mathbb R$, and for the sixth class, we show that the models we consider are all rational. Moreover, for three of the five classes with ir…
The versal deformation of small resolutions of conic bundles over $\mathbb{P}^1\times\mathbb{P}^1$ with two sections blown down
本文研究了双曲面族的反向变形，揭示了其在 twistor 空间中的结构和变形特性。
Automorphism groups and linearizability of rational Fano conic bundle threefolds
本文研究了Fano锥面三维流形的自同构群与线性化问题，证明了No. 2.18类Fano三维流形对于其自同构群的线性化性质。
This is the third of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous two. Let $f:X\to S$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a surface $S$ whose general fibers are rational curves. Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$. It is shown that $M$ is either Seifert fibered or a connected sum of lens spaces. Much stronger results hold if $S$ is rational.
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