This is the third of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous two. Let $f:X\to S$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a surface $S$ whose general fibers are rational curves.
Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$. It is shown that $M$ is either Seifert fibered or a connected sum of lens spaces. Much stronger results hold if $S$ is rational.
We present explicit equations for the space of conics in the Fermat quintic threefold $X$, working within the space of plane sections of $X$ with two singular marked points. This space of two-pointed singular plane sections has a birational morphism to the space of bitangent lines to the Fermat quintic threefold, which in its turn is birational to a 625-to-1 cover of $\PP^4.$ We illustrate the use of the resulting equations in identifying special cases of one-dimensional families of conics in $X.$
We establish a formula for computing the unramified Brauer group of tame conic bundle threefolds in characteristic 2. The formula depends on the arrangement and residue double covers of the discriminant components, the latter being governed by Artin-Schreier theory (instead of Kummer theory in characteristic not 2). We use this to give new examples of threefold conic bundles defined over the integers that are not stably rational over the complex numbers.
We discuss various results on Hilbert schemes of lines and conics and automorphism groups of smooth Fano threefolds with Picard rank 1. Besides a general review of facts well known to experts, the paper contains some new results, for instance, we give a description of the Hilbert scheme of conics on any smooth Fano threefold of index 1 and genus 10. We also show that the action of the automorphism group of a Fano threefold $X$ of index 2 (respectively, 1) on an irreducible component of its Hilbert scheme of lines (respectively, conics) is faithful if the anticanonical class of $X$ is very ampl…
Let $X^o=\mathbb P^3\setminus D$ where $D$ is the union of two quadrics such that their intersection contains a smooth conic, or the union of a smooth quadric surface and two planes, or the union of a smooth cubic surface $V$ and a plane $Π$ such that the intersection $V\capΠ$ contains a line. In all these cases we show that the set of integral points of $X^o$ is potentially dense. We apply the above results to prove that integral points are potentially dense in some log-Fano or in some log-Calabi-Yau threefold.
We derive a formula for the unramified Brauer group of a general class of rationally connected fourfolds birational to conic bundles over smooth threefolds. We produce new examples of conic bundles over P^3 where this formula applies and which have nontrivial unramified Brauer group. The construction uses the theory of contact surfaces and, at least implicitly, matrix factorizations and symmetric arithmetic Cohen--Macaulay sheaves, as well as the geometry of special arrangements of rational curves in P^2. We also prove the existence of universally CH_0-trivial resolutions for the general class…
Let $X$ be a double cover of $\mathbb P^3$ branched along a sextic surface $Y$. In this paper, we show that, for general $X$, the Abel-Jacobi map associated to the normalization $\tilde F(X)$ of the surface $F(X)$ of curves contained in $X$ which are preimages of lines bitangent to $Y$, gives an isogeny between the Albanese variety of $\tilde F(X)$ and the intermediate Jacobian of $X$.
We study certain pencils of del Pezzo surfaces generated by a smooth del Pezzo surface S of degree less or equal to 3 anti-canonically embedded into a weighted projective space P and an appropriate multiple of a hyperplane H. Our main observation is that every minimal model program relative to the morphism lifting such pencil on a suitable resolution of its indeterminacies preserves the open subset P H â A^3. As an application, we obtain projective completions of A^3 into del Pezzo fibrations over P^1 of every degree less or equal to 4. We also obtain completions of A^3 into Mori conic bundles…
In this paper, we prove the Bogomolov-Gieseker type inequality conjecture for threefolds with nef tangent bundles. As a corollary, there exist Bridgeland stability conditions on these threefolds.
We introduce the notion of an instanton bundle on a Fano threefold of index 2. For such bundles we give an analogue of a monadic description and discuss the curve of jumping lines. The cases of threefolds of degree 5 and 4 are considered in a greater detail.
We investigate the globally generated vector bundles on complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds with the first Chern class at most 2. We classify all the globally generated vector bundles of an arbitrary rank on quintic in $\mathbb{P}^4$ and investigate the globally generated vector bundles of rank 2 on complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds of codimension 2.
We study noncompact Calabi-Yau threefolds, their moduli spaces of vector bundles and deformation theory. We present Calabi-Yau threefolds that have infinitely many distinct deformations, constructing them explicitily, and describe the effect that such deformations produce on moduli spaces of vector bundles.
The aim of this paper is to classify indecomposable rank 2 arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) bundles on compete intersection Calabi-Yau (CICY) threefolds and prove the existence of some of them. New geometric properties of the curves corresponding to rank 2 ACM bundles (by Serre correspondence) are obtained. These follow from minimal free resolutions of curves in suitably chosen fourfolds (containing Calabi-Yau threefolds as hypersurfaces). Also the existence of an indecomposable vector bundle of higher rank on a CICY threefold of type (2,4) is proved.
In this paper we give a birational model for the theta divisor of the intermediate Jacobian of a generic cubic threefold $X$. We use the standard realization of $X$ as a conic bundle and a $4-$dimensional family of plane quartics which are totally tangent to the discriminant quintic curve of such a conic bundle structure. The additional data of an even theta characteristic on the curves in the family gives us a model for the theta divisor.
Roughly speaking, a conic bundle is a surface, fibered over a curve, such that the fibers are conics (not necessarily smooth). We define stability for conic bundles and construct a moduli space. We prove that (after fixing some invariants) these moduli spaces are irreducible (under some conditions). Conic bundles can be thought of as generalizations of orthogonal bundles on curves. We show that in this particular case our definition of stability agrees with the definition of stability for orthogonal bundles. Finally, in an appendix by I. Mundet i Riera, a Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence is st…
Given a holomorphic conic bundle without sections, we show that finite groups acting by its fiberwise bimeromorphic transformations are bounded. This provides an analog of a similar result obtained by T.Bandman and Yu.Zarhin for quasi-projective conic bundles.
We prove that a nef line bundle $\mathcal L$ with $c_1(\mathcal L)^2 \ne 0$ on a Calabi-Yau threefold $X$ with Picard number $2$ and with $c_3(X) \ne 0$ is semiample, that is, some multiple of $\mathcal L$ is generated by global sections.
We give the lower bound on Seshadri constants for the case of very ample line bundles on threefolds. We consider the situation when the Seshadri constant is strictly less than 2 and give a version of Bauer's theorem \cite[Theorem 2.1]{B1} for singular surfaces so we can prove the same result for smooth threefolds.
We prove that any rank two arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay vector bundle on a general hypersurface of degree at least six in projective four space must be split.
We give a complete classification of globally generated vector bundles of rank 3 on a smooth quadric threefold with $c_1\leq 2$ and extend the result to arbitrary higher rank case. We also investigate the existence of globally generated indecomposable vector bundles, and give the sufficient and necessary conditions on numeric data of vector bundles for indecomposability.
In the paper ``Chirality change in string theory'', by Douglas and Zhou, the authors give a list of bundles on a quintic Calabi-Yau threefold. Here we prove the semistability of most of these bundles. This provides examples of string theory compactifications which have a different number of generations and can be connected.
We investigate the existence of globally generated vector bundles of rank 2 with $c_1\leq 3$ on a smooth quadric threefold and determine their Chern classes. As an automatic consequence, every rank 2 globally generated vector bundle on $Q$ with $c_1=3$ is an odd instanton up to twist.
We construct a relative Chow-Kunneth decomposition for a conic bundle over a surface such that the middle projector gives the Prym variety of the associated double covering of the discriminant of the conic bundle. This gives a refinement (up to an isogeny) of Beauville's theorem on the relation between the intermediate Jacobian of the conic bundle and the Prym variety of the double covering.
We prove that the deformations of a smooth complex Fano threefold X with Picard number 1, index 1, and degree 10, are unobstructed. The differential of the period map has two-dimensional kernel. We construct two two-dimensional components of the fiber of the period map through X: one is isomorphic to the variety of conics in X, modulo an involution, another is birationally isomorphic to a moduli space of semistable rank-2 torsion-free sheaves on X, modulo an involution. The threefolds corresponding to points of these components are obtained from X via conic and line (birational) transformation…
We classify rank two vector bundles on a given del Pezzo threefold of degree four whose projectivizations are weak Fano into seven cases. We also give an example for each of these seven cases.
Using an explicit resolution of the diagonal for the variety V_5, we provide cohomological characterizations of the universal and quotient bundles. A splitting criterion for bundles over V_5 is also proved. The presentation of semistable aCM (i.e. with no intermediate cohomology) bundles is shown, together with a resolution-theoretic classification of low rank aCM bundles.
In this paper we derive a list of all the possible indecomposable normalized rank--two vector bundles without intermediate cohomology on the prime Fano threefolds and on the complete intersection Calabi Yau threefolds, say $V$, of Picard number $ρ=1$. For any such bundle $\E$, if it exists, we find the projective invariants of the curves $C \subset V$ which are the zero-locus of general global sections of $\E$. In turn, a curve $C \subset V$ with such invariants is a section of a bundle $\E$ from our lists. This way we reduce the problem for existence of such bundles on $V$ to the problem for …
We give examples of stable rank 2 vector bundles on principally polarized abelian threefolds, and study their deformations. The starting point is the Serre construction, which gives a source of examples, and which we rephrase in terms of Barth--Hulek like monads. Using the monad description, we compute the dimension of the space of first order infinitesimal deformations of these bundles. Moreover, we obtain a birational description of a 13-dimensional component of the moduli space for stable vector bundles.
We give a partial positive answer to a conjecture of Tyurin (\cite {Tyu}). Indeed we prove that on a general quintic hypersurface of $\Pj^4$ every arithmetically Cohen--Macaulay rank 2 vector bundle is infinitesimally rigid.
We show that fiberwise stable vector bundles are preserved by relative Fourier-Mukai transforms between elliptic threefolds with relative Picard number one. Using these bundles we define new invariants of elliptic fibrations, and we relate the invariants of a space with those of a relative moduli space of stable sheaves on it. As a byproduct, we calculate the intersection form of a certain new example of an elliptic Calabi-Yau threefold.
We study certain moduli spaces of stable vector bundles of rank two on cubic and quartic threefolds. In many cases under consideration, it turns out that the moduli space is complete and irreducible and a general member has vanishing intermediate cohomology. In one case, all except one component of the moduli space has such vector bundles.
Let X be a Fano threefold, and let S be a K3 surface in X . Any moduli space M of simple vector bundles on S carries a holomorphic symplectic structure. Following an idea of Tyurin, we show that in some cases, those vector bundles which come from X form a Lagrangian subvariety of M . We illustrate this with a number of concrete examples.
A $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle is a proper morphism from a threefold with only terminal singularities to a normal surface such that fibers are connected and the anti-canonical divisor is relatively ample. We study the structure of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundles near their singular fibers. One corollary to our main results is that the base surface of every $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle has only Du Val singularities of type A (a positive solution of a conjecture by Iskovskikh). We obtain the complete classification of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundles under the additional assumption that the singular fiber is irreduc…
We generalize a classical result by V. G. Sarkisov about standard models for conic bundles to the case of a not necessarily algebraically closed perfect field, using iterated root stacks, destackification, and resolution of singularities.
We study instanton bundles $E$ on $\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1$. We construct two different monads which are the analog of the monads for instanton bundles on $\mathbb P^3$ and on the flag threefold $F(0,1,2)$. We characterize the Gieseker semistable cases and we prove the existence of $μ$-stable instanton bundles generically trivial on the lines for any possible $c_2(E)$. We also study the locus of jumping lines.
We study the complexity of birational self-maps of a projective threefold $X$ by looking at the birational type of surfaces contracted. These surfaces are birational to the product of the projective line with a smooth projective curve. We prove that the genus of the curves occuring is unbounded if and only if $X$ is birational to a conic bundle or a fibration into cubic surfaces. Similarly, we prove that the gonality of the curves is unbounded if and only if $X$ is birational to a conic bundle.
We classify globally generated vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^2$ with small first Chern class, i.e. $c_1= (a,b)$, $a+b \leq 3$. Our main method is to investigate the associated smooth curves to globally generated vector bundles via the Hartshorne-Serre construction.
We start the classification of smooth projective threefolds X whose anticanonical bundles -K_X are big and nef but not ample. In this paper we treat the case b_2(X) = 2 and the morphism associated with the base point free linear system |-mK_X|, m>>0, is divisorial.
In continuation of our paper in Math. Ann. 333 we classify smooth complex projective threefolds X with -K_X big and nef but not ample and Picard number 2, whose anticanonical map is small. We assume also that the Mori contraction of X and of its flop are not both birational.
We show that there exists a cubic threefold defined by an invertible polynomial that, when quotiented by the maximal diagonal symmetry group, has a derived category which does not have a full exceptional collection consisting of line bundles. This provides a counterexample to a conjecture of Lekili and Ueda.
We describe all of the smooth complete toric threefolds of Picard number 5 with no nontrivial nef line bundles, and show that no such examples exist with Picard number less than 5.
This is a survey on the Fano schemes of linear spaces, conics, rational curves, and curves of higher genera in smooth projective hypersurfaces, complete intersections, Fano threefolds, etc.
Conic bundle threefolds differing by a constant Brauer class and connections to rationality
Rice University（莱斯大学）；University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Brown University（布朗大学）
This expository paper is concerned with the rationality problems for three-dimensional algebraic varieties with a conic bundle structure. We discuss the main methods of this theory. We sketch the proofs of certain principal results, and present some recent achievements. Many open problems are also stated.
We give the first examples of flat fiber type contractions of Fano manifolds onto varieties that are not weak Fano, and we prove that these morphisms are Fano conic bundles. We also review some known results about the interaction between the positivity properties of anticanonical divisors of varieties of contractions.
We define a categorical birational invariant for minimal geometrically rational surfaces with a conic bundle structure over a perfect field via components of a natural semiorthogonal decomposition. Together with the similar known result on del Pezzo surfaces, this provides a categorical birational invariant for geometrically rational surfaces.
Let k be an arbitrary field of characteristic zero. In this paper we study quotients of k-rational conic bundles over projective line by finite groups of automorphisms. We construct smooth minimal models for such quotients. We show that any quotient is birationally equivalent to a quotient of other k-rational conic bundle cyclic group of order $2^k$, dihedral group of order $2^k$, alternating group of degree $4$, symmetric group of degree $4$ or alternating group of degree $5$ effectively acting on the base of conic bundle. Also we construct infinitely many examples of such quotients which are…
