A connection with parallel torsion on almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and anti-Hermitian metrics
Mancho Manev
备注：
20 pages, This paper is dedicated to Professor Kostadin Gribachev, the author's teacher in the theory of manifolds, on the occasion of his 70th birthday
Almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and anti-Hermitian metrics are considered. A linear connection $D$ is introduced such that the structure of these manifolds is parallel with respect to D. Of special interest is the class of the locally conformally equivalent manifolds of the manifolds with covariantly constant almost complex structures and the case when the torsion of D is D-parallel. Curvature properties of these manifolds are studied. An example of 4-dimensional manifolds in the considered basic class is constructed and characterized.
Integrable hypercomplex structures with Hermitian and Norden metrics on Lie groups of dimension 4 are considered. The corresponding five types of invariant hypercomplex structures with hyper-Hermitian metric, studied by M.L. Barberis, are constructed here. The different cases regarding the signature of the basic pseudo-Riemannian metric are considered.
The object of investigations are almost hypercomplex structures with Hermitian-Norden metrics on 4-dimensional Lie groups considered as smooth manifolds. There are studied both the basic classes of a classification of 4-dimensional indecomposable real Lie algebras depending on two parameters. Some geometric characteristics of the respective almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian-Norden metrics are obtained.
There are studied Lie groups considered as almost hypercomplex Hermitian-Norden manifolds, which are integrable and have the lowest dimension four. It is established a correspondence of the derived Lie algebras of types of invariant hypercomplex structures and the explicit matrix representation of their Lie groups. There are constructed examples of the considered structure of different types on some known Lie groups.
In this paper we initiate the study of submanifolds of almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and Norden metrics. Object of investigations are holomorphic submanifolds of the hypercomplex manifolds which are locally conformally equivalent to the hyper-Kähler manifolds of the considered type. Necessary and sufficient conditions the investigated holomorphic submanifolds to be totally umbilical or totally geodesic are obtained. Examples of the examined submanifolds are constructed.
In this paper, a lot of examples of four-dimensional manifolds with an almost hypercomplex pseudo-Hermitian structure are constructed in several explicit ways. The received 4-manifolds are characterized by their linear invariants in the known aspects.
Almost hypercomplex pseudo-Hermitian manifolds are considered. Isotropic hyper-Kähler manifolds are introduced. A 4-parametric family of 4-dimensional manifolds of this type is constructed on a Lie group. This family is characterized geometrically. The condition a 4-manifold to be isotropic hyper-Kähler is given.
The tangent bundle of an almost Norden manifold and the complete lift of the Norden metric is considered as a 4n-manifold. It is equipped with an almost hypercomplex Hermitian-Norden structure. It is characterized geometrically. The case when the base manifold is an h-sphere is considered.
Object of investigation are almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian-Norden metrics of the lowest dimension. The considered manifolds are constructed on 4-dimensional Lie groups. It is established a relation between the classes of a classification of 4-dimensional indecomposable real Lie algebras and the classification of the manifolds under study. The basic geometrical characteristics of the constructed manifolds are studied in the frame of the mentioned classification of the Lie algebras.
The tangent bundle as a $4n$-manifold is equipped with an almost hypercomplex pseudo-Hermitian structure and it is characterized with respect to the relevant classifications. A number of 8-dimensional examples of the considered type of manifold are received from the known explicit examples in that manner.
The class of the hypercomplex pseudo-Hermitian manifolds is considered. The flatness of the considered manifolds with the 3 parallel complex structures is proved. Conformal transformations of the metrics are introduced. The conformal invariance and the conformal equivalence of the basic types manifolds are studied. A known example is characterized in relation to the obtained results.
An associated Nijenhuis tensor of endomorphisms in the tangent bundle is introduced. Special attention is paid to such tensors for an almost hypercomplex structure and the metric of Hermitian-Norden type. There are studied relations between the six associated Nijenhuis tensors as well as their vanishing. It is given a geometric interpretation of the vanishing of these tensors as a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unique connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion tensor. Similar idea is used in the paper of T. Friedrich and S. Ivanov in Asian J. Math. (2002) for som…
A twist construction for manifolds with torus action is described generalising certain T-duality examples and constructions in hypercomplex geometry. It is applied to complex, SKT, hypercomplex and HKT manifolds to construct compact simply-connected examples. In particular, we find hypercomplex manifolds that admit no compatible HKT metric, and HKT manifolds whose Obata connection has holonomy contained in $SL(n,\mathbb H)$.
Tubular neighborhoods play an important role in differential topology. We have applied these constructions to geometry of almost Hermitian manifolds. At first, we consider deformations of tensor structures on a normal tubular neighborhood of a submanifold in a Riemannian manifold.Further, an almost hyperHermitian structure has been constructed on the tangent bundle TM with help of the Riemannian connection of an almost Hermitian structure on a manifold M then, we consider an embedding of the almost Hermitian manifold M in the corresponding normal tubular neighborhood of the null section in the…
A hypercomplex structure on a differentiable manifold consists of three integrable almost complex structures that satisfy quaternionic relations. If, in addition, there exists a metric on the manifold which is Hermitian with respect to the three structures, and such that the corresponding Hermitian forms are closed, the manifold is said to be hyperkaehler. In the paper "Non-Hermitian Yang-Mills connections", Kaledin and Verbitsky proved that the twistor space of a hyperkaehler manifold admits a balanced metric; these were first studied in the article "On the existence of special metrics in com…
We prove that any invariant hypercomplex structure on a homogeneous space $M = G/L$ where $G$ is a compact Lie group is obtained via the Joyce's construction, provided that there exists a hyper-Hermitian naturally reductive invariant metric on $M$.
Hypercomplex structures on Courant algebroids unify holomorphic symplectic structures and usual hypercomplex structures. In this note, we prove the equivalence of two characterizations of hypercomplex structures on Courant algebroids, one in terms of Nijenhuis concomitants and the other in terms of (almost) torsionfree connections for which each of the three complex structures is parallel.
We study HKT structures on nilpotent Lie groups and on associated nilmanifolds. We exhibit three weak HKT structures on $\R^8$ which are homogeneous with respect to extensions of Heisenberg type Lie groups. The corresponding hypercomplex structures are of a special kind, called abelian. We prove that on any 2-step nilpotent Lie group all invariant HKT structures arise from abelian hypercomplex structures. Furthermore, we use a correspondence between abelian hypercomplex structures and subspaces of ${\frak sp}(n)$ to produce continuous families of compact and noncompact of manifolds carrying no…
The subject of investigations are the almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and anti-Hermitian (Norden) metrics. A linear connection D is introduced such that the structure of these manifolds is parallel with respect to D and its torsion is totally skew-symmetric. The class of the nearly Kaehler manifolds with respect to the first almost complex structure is of special interest. It is proved that D has a D-parallel torsion and is weak if it is not flat. Some curvature properties of these manifolds are studied.
We classify homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of index 4 which admit an invariant almost hyper-Hermitian structure and an H-irreducible isotropy group. The main result is that all these spaces are flat except in dimension 12.
Let $g$ be a hyper-Hermitian metric on a simply connected hypercomplex four-manifold $M$. We show that when the isometry group $I(M,g)$ contains a subgroup acting simply transitively on $M$ by hypercomplex isometries then the metric $g$ is conformal to a hyper-Kähler metric. We describe explicitely the corresponding hyper-Kähler metrics and it follows that, in four dimensions, these are the only hyper-Kähler metrics containing a homogeneous metric in its conformal class.
A manifold (M,I,J,K) is called hypercomplex if I,J,K are complex structures satisfying quaternionic relations. A quaternionic Hermitian metric is called HKT (hyperkaehler with torsion) if $Idω_I = Jd ω_J=Kdω_K$, where $ω_I,ω_J, ω_K$ are Hermitian forms associated with I, J, K. A Hermitian metric $ω$ on a complex manifold is called balanced if $d^*ω=0$. We show that balanced HKT metrics are precisely the quaternionic Calabi-Yau metrics defined in terms of the quaternionic Monge-Ampere equation. In particular, a balanced HKT-metric is unique in its cohomology class, and it always exists if the q…
In this paper we study sectional curvature of invariant hyper-Hermitian metrics on simply connected 4-dimensional real Lie groups admitting invariant hypercomplex structure. We give the Levi-Civita connections and explicit formulas for computing sectional curvatures of these metrics and show that all these spaces have constant scalar curvature. We also show that they are flat or they have only non-negative or non-positive sectional curvature.
In the present paper we study Randers metics of Berwald type on simply connected 4-dimensional real Lie groups admitting invariant hypercomplex structure. On these spaces, the Randers metrics arising from invariant hyper-Hermitian metrics are considered. Then we give explicit formulas for computing flag curvature of these metrics. By this study we construct two 4-dimensional Berwald spaces, one of them has non-negative flag curvature and the other one has non-positive flag curvature.
A hypercomplex structure $(I,J,K)$ on a manifold $M$ is said to be $C^\infty$-pure-and-full if the Dolbeault cohomology $H^{2,0}_{\partial}(M,I)$ is the direct sum of two natural subgroups called the $\bar{J}$-invariant and the $\bar{J}$-anti-invariant subgroups. We prove that a compact hypercomplex manifold that satisfies the quaternionic version of the $dd^c$-Lemma is $C^\infty$-pure-and-full. Moreover, we study the dimensions of the $\bar{J}$-invariant and the $\bar{J}$-anti-invariant subgroups, together with their analogue in the Bott-Chern cohomology. For instance, in real dimension 8, we…
We introduce the notion of abelian almost contact structures on an odd dimensional real Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$. This a sufficient condition for the structure to be normal. We investigate correspondences with even dimensional real Lie algebras endowed with an abelian complex structure, and with Kähler Lie algebras when $\mathfrak g$ carries a compatible inner product. The classification of 5-dimensional Sasakian Lie algebras with abelian structure is obtained. Later, we introduce and study abelian almost 3-contact structures on real Lie algebras of dimension $4n+3$. These are given by triple…
A hypercomplex manifold is a manifold equipped with a triple of complex structures $I, J, K$ satisfying the quaternionic relations. We define a quaternionic analogue of plurisubharmonic functions on hypercomplex manifolds, and interpret these functions geometrically as potentials of HKT (hyperkähler with torsion) metrics, and prove a quaternionic analogue of A.D. Aleksandrov and Chern-Levine-Nirenberg theorems.
We give a simple interpretation of the adapted complex structure of Lempert-Szoke and Guillemin-Stenzel: it is given by a polar decomposition of the complexified manifold. We then give a twistorial construction of an SO(3)-invariant hypercomplex structure on a neighbourhood of $X$ in $TTX$, where $X$ is a real-analytic manifold equipped with a linear connection. We show that the Nahm equations arise naturally in this context: for a connection with zero curvature and arbitrary torsion, the real sections of the twistor space can be obtained by solving Nahm's equations in the Lie algebra of certa…
The investigation of strings and M-theory involves the understanding of various BPS solitons which in a certain approximation can be thought of as solutions of ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravity theories. These solitons have a brane or a intersecting brane interpretation, saturate a bound and are associated with parallel spinors with respect to a connection of the spin bundle of spacetime. A class of intersecting brane configurations is examined and it is shown that the geometry of spacetime is hyper-Kähler with torsion. A relation between these hyper-Kähler geometries with torsion and q…
We call a quaternionic Kaehler manifold with non-zero scalar curvature, whose quaternionic structure is trivialized by a hypercomplex structure, a hyper-Hermitian quaternionic Kaehler manifold. We prove that every locally symmetric hyper-Hermitian quaternionic Kaehler manifold is locally isometric to the quaternionic projective space or to the quaternionic hyperbolic space. We describe locally the hyper-Hermitian quaternionic Kaehler manifolds with closed Lee form and show that the only complete simply connected such manifold is the quaternionic hyperbolic space.
Almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and Norden metrics and more specially the corresponding quaternionic Kaehler manifolds are considered. Some necessary and sufficient conditions the investigated manifolds be isotropic hyper-Kaehlerian and flat are found. It is proved that the quaternionic Kaehler manifolds with the considered metric structure are Einstein for dimension at least 8. The class of the non-hyper-Kaehler quaternionic Kaehler manifold of the considered type is determined.
This paper is a survey of results obtained by the authors on the geometry of connections with totally skew-symmetric torsion on the following manifolds: almost complex manifolds with Norden metric, almost contact manifolds with B-metric and almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and anti-Hermitian metric.
A hypercomplex manifold is a manifold equipped with a triple of complex structures satisfying the quaternionic relations. A holomorphic Lagrangian variety on a hypercomplex manifold with trivial canonical bundle is a holomorphic subvariety which is calibrated by a form associated with the holomorphic volume form; this notion is a generalization of the usual holomorphic Lagrangian subvarieties known in hyperkaehler geometry. An HKT (hyperkaehler with torsion) metric on a hypercomplex manifold is a metric determined by a local potential, in a similar way to the Kaehler metric. We prove that a ba…
The characteristic connection of an almost hermitian structure is a hermitian connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion. The case of parallel torsion in dimension six is of particular interest. In this work, we give a full classification of the algebraic types of the torsion form, and, based on this, undertake a systematic investigation into the possible geometries. Numerous naturally reductive spaces are constructed and classified as well as examples on nilmanifolds given.
It is introduced a differentiable manifold with almost contact 3-structure which consists of an almost contact metric structure and two almost contact B-metric structures. The product of this manifold and a real line is an almost hypercomplex manifold with Hermitian-Norden metrics. It is proven that the introduced manifold of cosymplectic type is at. Some examples of the studied manifolds are given.
We study the intrinsic torsion of almost quaternion-Hermitian manifolds via the exterior algebra. In particular, we show how it is determined by particular three-forms formed from simple combinations of the exterior derivatives of the local Kaehler forms. This gives a practical method to compute the intrinsic torsion and is applied in a number of examples. In addition we find simple characterisations of HKT and QKT geometries entirely in the exterior algebra and compute how the intrinsic torsion changes under a twist construction.
A hypercomplex manifold is a manifold equipped with three complex structures I, J, K satisfying the quaternionic relations. Let M be a 4-dimensional compact smooth manifold equipped with a hypercomplex structure, and E be a vector bundle on M. We show that the moduli space of anti-self-dual connections on E is also hypercomplex, and admits a strong HKT metric. We also study manifolds with (4,4)-supersymmetry, that is, Riemannian manifolds equipped with a pair of strong HKT-structures that have opposite torsion. In the language of Hitchin's and Gualtieri's generalized complex geometry, (4,4)-ma…
We find geometric conditions on a four-dimensional Hermitian manifold endowed with a metric connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion under which the complex structure is a harmonic map from the manifold into its twistor space considered with a natural family of Riemannian metrics defined by means of the metric and the given connection on the base manifold.
In this article, we study Hermitian manifolds whose Bismut-Strominger connection has parallel torsion tensor, which will be called {\em Bismut torsion parallel manifolds,} or {\em BTP} manifolds for short. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition characterizing this class in terms of the curvature tensor. In particular, Bismut flat or Bismut Kähler-like manifolds are {\em BTP} manifolds, known by our earlier results. We also obtain structural results for non-balanced {\em BTP} manifolds, and classification theorems for non-balanced {\em BTP} threefolds and balanced {\em BTP} threefolds.
A nilmanifold is a quotient of a nilpotent group $G$ by a co-compact discrete subgroup. A complex nilmanifold is one which is equipped with a $G$-invariant complex structure. We prove that a complex nilmanifold has trivial canonical bundle. This is used to study hypercomplex nilmanifolds (nilmanifolds with a triple of $G$-invariant complex structures which satisfy quaternionic relations). We prove that a hypercomplex nilmanifold admits an HKT (hyperkahler with torsion) metric if and only if the underlying hypercomplex structure is abelian. Moreover, any $G$-invariant HKT-metric on a nilmanifol…
A hypercomplex structure on a smooth manifold is a triple of integrable almost complex structures satisfying quaternionic relations. The Obata connection is the unique torsion-free connection that preserves each of the complex structures. The holonomy group of the Obata connection is contained in $GL(n, \mathbb{H})$. There is a well-known construction of hypercomplex structures on Lie groups due to Joyce. In this paper we show that the holonomy of the Obata connection on SU(3) coincides with $GL(2, \mathbb{H})$.
We study almost Hermitian structures admitting a Hermitian connexion with totally skew-symmetric torsion or equivalently, those almost Hermitian structures with totally skew-symmetric Nijenhuis tensor. We investigate up to what extent the Nijenhuis tensor fails to be parallel with respect to the characteristic connexion. This is naturally described by means of an extension of the notion of Killing form to almost Hermitian geometry. In this context, we also make an essentially self-contained survey of nearly-Kaehler geometry, but from the perspective of non-integrable holonomy systems.
In the previous work ([14]) we introduced the well-posed boundary conditions ${\mathcal P}_{-, {\mathcal L}_{0}}$ and ${\mathcal P}_{+, {\mathcal L}_{1}}$ for the odd signature operator to define the refined analytic torsion on a compact manifold with boundary. In this paper we discuss the gluing formula of the refined analytic torsion for an acyclic Hermitian connection with respect to the boundary conditions ${\mathcal P}_{-, {\mathcal L}_{0}}$ and ${\mathcal P}_{+, {\mathcal L}_{1}}$. In this case the refined analytic torsion consists of the Ray-Singer analytic torsion, the eta invariant an…
A hypercomplex manifold $M$ is a manifold equipped with three complex structures satisfying quaternionic relations. Such a manifold admits a canonical torsion-free connection preserving the quaternion action, called Obata connection. A quaternionic Hermitian metric is a Riemannian metric on which is invariant with respect to unitary quaternions. Such a metric is called HKT if it is locally obtained as a Hessian of a function averaged with quaternions. HKT metric is a natural analogue of a Kahler metric on a complex manifold. We push this analogy further, proving a quaternionic analogue of Buch…
It is considered a differentiable manifold equipped with a pseudo-Riemannian metric and an almost contact 3-struc\-ture so that an almost contact metric structure and two almost contact B-metric structures are generated. There are introduced the so-called associated Nijenhuis tensors for the studied structures. It is given a geometric interpretation of the vanishing of these tensors as a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of linear connections with totally skew-symmetric torsions preserving the structure. An example of a 7-dimensional manifold with connections of the consider…
In this paper we provide an explicit description of normal almost contact structures obtained from Cartan-Ehresmann connections (gauge fields) on principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds. The main feature of our approach is to employ elements of representation theory of complex simple Lie algebras in order to describe and classify these structures. We use these normal almost contact structures to explicitly describe a huge class of compact Hermitian non-Kähler manifolds obtained from products of principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds. Moreover, we obtain from our de…
Let M be a hypercomplex Hermitian manifold, (M,I) the same manifold considered as a complex Hermitian with a complex structure I induced by the quaternions. The standard linear-algebraic construction produces a canonical nowhere degenerate (2,0)-form on (M,I). It is well known that M is hyperkaehler if and only if the form Ωis closed with respect to the de Rham differential. The M is called HKT (hyperkaehler with torsion) if this form is closed with respect to the Dolbeault differential (this condition is weaker. Conjecturally, all compact hypercomplex manifolds admit an HKT-metrics. We exploi…
In this paper we provide examples of hypercomplex manifolds which do not carry HKT structure. We also prove that the existence of HKT structure is not stable under small deformations. Similarly we provide examples of compact complex manifolds with vanishing first Chern class which do not admit a Hermitian structure with restricted holonomy of its Bismut connection in SU(n). Again we prove that such property is not stable under small deformations.
