Mathew D. Rogers
We prove a variety of explicit formulas relating special values of generalized hypergeometric functions to lattice sums with four indices of summation. These results are related to Boyd's conjectured identities between Mahler measures and special values of $L$-series of elliptic curves.
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New relations are established between families of three-variable Mahler measures. Those identities are then expressed as transformations for the $_5F_4$ hypergeometric function. We use these results to obtain two explicit $_5F_4$ evaluations, and several new formulas for $1/π$.
We study Laurent polynomials in any number of variables that are sums of at most $k$ monomials. We first show that the Mahler measure of such a polynomial is at least $h/2^{k-2}$, where $h$ is the height of the polynomial. Next, restricting to such polynomials having integer coefficients, we show that the set of logarithmic Mahler measures of the elements of this restricted set is a closed subset of the nonnegative real line, with $0$ being an isolated point of the set. In the final section, we discuss the extent to which such an integer polynomial of Mahler measure $1$ is determined by its $k…
In this paper we prove that the Mahler measures of the Laurent polynomials $(x+x^{-1})(y+y^{-1})(z+z^{-1})+k$, $(x+x^{-1})^2(y+y^{-1})^2(1+z)^3z^{-2}-k$, and $x^4+y^4+z^4+1+k^{1/4}xyz$, for various values of $k$, are of the form $r_1 L'(f,0)+r_2 L'(χ,-1)$, where $r_1,r_2\in \mathbb{Q}$, $f$ is a CM newform of weight 3, and $χ$ is a quadratic character. Since it has been proved that these Maher measures can also be expressed in terms of logarithms and $_5F_4$-hypergeometric series, we obtain several new hypergeometric evaluations and transformations from these results.
In this paper we will establish functional equations for Mahler measures of families of genus-one two-variable polynomials. These families were previously studied by Beauville, and their Mahler measures were considered by Boyd, Rodriguez-Villegas, Bertin, Zagier, and Stienstra. Our functional equations allow us to prove identities between Mahler measures that were conjectured by Boyd. As a corollary, we also establish some new transformations for hypergeometric functions.
The aim of this paper is to prove a Mahler measure formula of a four-variable Laurent polynomial whose zero locus defines a Calabi-Yau threefold. We show that its Mahler measure is a rational linear combination of a special L-value of the normalized newform in S_4(Gamma_0(8)) and a Riemann zeta value. This is equivalent to a new formula for a 6F5-hypergeometric series evaluated at 1.
We establish a Mahler-type estimate of weighted Fekete sums on the Berkovich projective line over an algebraically closed field of possibly positive characteristic that is complete with respect to a non-trivial and possibly non-archimedean absolute value.
We study the Mahler measures of certain families of Laurent polynomials in two and three variables. Each of the known Mahler measure formulas for these families involves $L$-values of at most one newform and/or at most one quadratic character. In this paper, we show, either rigorously or numerically, that the Mahler measures of some polynomials are related to $L$-values of multiple newforms and quadratic characters simultaneously. The results suggest that the number of modular $L$-values appearing in the formulas significantly depends on the shape of the algebraic value of the parameter chosen…
We use the elliptic regulator to recover some identities between Mahler measures involving certain families of genus 2 curves that were conjectured by Boyd and proven by Bertin and Zudilin by differentiating the Mahler measures and using hypergeometric identities. Since our proofs involve the regulator, they yield light into the expected relation of each Mahler measure to special values of $L$-functions of certain elliptic curves.
We define finite field $A$-hypergeometric functions and show that they are Fourier expansions of families of exponential sums on the torus. For an appropriate choice of $A$, our finite field $A$-hypergeometric function can be specialized to the finite field ${}_kF_{k-1}$-hypergeometric function defined by McCarthy.
We prove two transformations for the $p$-adic hypergeometric series which can be described as $p$-adic analogues of a Kummer's linear transformation and a transformation of Clausen. We first evaluate two character sums, and then relate them to the $p$-adic hypergeometric series to deduce the transformations. We also find another transformation for the $p$-adic hypergeometric series from which many special values of the $p$-adic hypergeometric series as well as finite field hypergeometric functions are obtained.
Congruences of truncated sums of infinite series do not directly extend to congruences of the truncated sums of higher powers of these infinite series. Guo and Zudilin recently established a variety of supercongruences for truncated sums of certain basic hypergeometric series. In this note we extend some of these supercongruences to the truncated sums of the squares of the corresponding series.
We discuss some (conjectural) evaluations of $L$-values attached to elliptic curves of conductors 15, 21, 24 and 32 as "hypergeometric periods". These numerical observations are motivated by the Mahler measures of three-variable polynomials.
We prove the conjectural relations between Mahler measures and $L$-values of elliptic curves of conductors 20 and 24. We also present new hypergeometric expressions for $L$-values of CM elliptic curves of conductors 27 and 36. Furthermore, we prove a new functional equation for the Mahler measure of the polynomial family $(1+X)(1+Y)(X+Y)-αXY$, $α\in\mathbb R$.
Generalizations of two hypergeometric sums related to conjectures of Guo
本研究在已有证明郭氏超同余猜想的超几何公式基础上，分别采用WZ方法与Zeilberger算法，对涉及升阶乘和的两类超几何公式进行了进一步推广。
For non-negative integers $l_{1}, l_{2},\ldots, l_{n}$, we define character sums $φ_{(l_{1}, l_{2},\ldots, l_{n})}$ and $ψ_{(l_{1}, l_{2},\ldots, l_{n})}$ over a finite field which are generalizations of Jacobsthal and modified Jacobsthal sums, respectively. We express these character sums in terms of Greene's finite field hypergeometric series. We then express the number of points on the hyperelliptic curves $y^2=(x^m+a)(x^m+b)(x^m+c)$ and $y^2=x(x^m+a)(x^m+b)(x^m+c)$ over a finite field in terms of the character sums $φ_{(l_{1}, l_{2}, l_{3})}$ and $ψ_{(l_{1}, l_{2}, l_{3})}$, and finally ob…
We study the character sums \[ϕ_{(m,n)}(a,b)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb{F}_q}ϕ\left(x(x^{m}+a)(x^{n}+b)\right),\textrm{ and, } ψ_{(m,n)}(a,b)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb{F}_q}ϕ\left((x^{m}+a)(x^{n}+b)\right)\] where $ϕ$ is the quadratic character defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$. These sums are expressed in terms of Gaussian hypergeometric series over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Then we use these expressions to exhibit the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points on families of hyperelliptic curves and their Jacobian varieties.
We consider algebraic transformations of hypergeometric functions from a geometric point of view. Hypergeometric functions are shown to arise from the deRham realization of a hypergeometric motive. The $\ell$-adic realization of the motive gives rise to hypergeometric characters sums over finite fields. This helps to unify and explain some recent results about transformations of hypergeometric character sums.
We highlight modular equations discovered by Somos and Ramanujan, and use them to prove new relations between lattice sums and hypergeometric functions. We also discuss progress towards solving Boyd's Mahler measure conjectures, and we conjecture a new formula for $L(E,2)$ of conductor 17 elliptic curves.
Traces of Hecke Operators via Hypergeometric Character Sums
本文提出一种一致且具几何性的方法，利用有限域上的超几何特征和，给出了算术三角群相关情形下尖点形式空间上Hecke算子迹的显式公式，适用于椭圆模曲线和Shimura曲线，并可求出特征值。
A purity theorem for Mahler equations
本文提出了一项关于马勒方程的纯度定理，通过分析广义马勒级数的滤波结构，证明了其在解中的传播性质。
Random walks through the areal Mahler measure: steps in the complex plane
本文通过随机游走和Zeta Mahler函数的面积类比，证明了两个多项式族的面积Mahler测度可表示为标准Mahler测度与Deninger循环体积的线性组合。
QM abelian varieties, hypergeometric character sums and modular forms
本文是与合作者的近期工作报告，针对算术定义的Fuchsian子群（尤其对应判别式6的四元数可除代数$B_6$的群），给出了涉及超几何特征和的Hecke算子$T_p$在尖点形式空间上迹的显式公式。
Finite hypergeometric functions are functions of a finite field ${\bf F}_q$ to ${\bf C}$. They arise as Fourier expansions of certain twisted exponential sums and were introduced independently by John Greene and Nick Katz in the 1980's. They have many properties in common with their analytic counterparts, the hypergeometric functions. One restriction in the definition of finite hypergeometric functions is that the hypergeometric parameters must be rational numbers whose denominators divide $q-1$. In this note we use the symmetry in the hypergeometric parameters and an extension of the exponent…
The parametrized family of metric Mahler measures
本文推广了Mahler测度的度量版本$M_t$，利用其给出Lehmer猜想的等价形式，证明该函数由指数函数分段构造，并提出一个关于有理数图像绘制的猜想。
The origin of this study is based on not only explicit formulas of finite sums involving higher powers of binomial coefficients, but also explicit evaluations of generating functions for this sums. It should be emphasized that this study contains both new results and literature surveys about some of the related results that have existed so far. With the aid of hypergeometric function, generating functions for a new family of the combinatorial numbers, related to finite sums of powers of binomial coefficients, are constructed. By using these generating functions, a number of new identities have…
Recently, Bringmann and Kane established two new Bailey pairs and used them to relate certain q-hypergeometric series to real quadratic fields. We show how these pairs give rise to new mock theta functions in the form of q-hypergeometric double sums. Additionally, we prove an identity between one of these sums and two classical mock theta functions introduced by Gordon and McIntosh.
In this work we continue the investigation about the interplay between hypergeometric functions and Fourier-Legendre ($\textrm{FL}$) series expansions. In the section "Hypergeometric series related to $π,π^2$ and the lemniscate constant", through the FL-expansion of $\left[x(1-x)\right]^μ$ (with $μ+1\in\frac{1}{4}\mathbb{N}$) we prove that all the hypergeometric series $$ \sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{(-1)^n(4n+1)}{p(n)}\left[\frac{1}{4^n}\binom{2n}{n}\right]^3,\quad \sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{(4n+1)}{p(n)}\left[\frac{1}{4^n}\binom{2n}{n}\right]^4,$$ $$\quad \sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{(4n+1)}{p(n)^2}\left[\frac{1}{4^…
We prove explicit formulas for certain first and second moment sums of families of Gaussian hypergeometric functions $_{n+1}F_n$, $n\ge1$, over finite fields with $q$ elements where $q$ is an odd prime. This enables us to find an estimate for the value $_6F_5(1)$. In addition, we evaluate certain second moments of traces of the family of Clausen elliptic curves in terms of the value $_3F_2(-1)$. These formulas also allow us to express the product of certain $_2F_1$ and $_{n+1}F_n$ functions in terms of finite field Appell series which generalizes current formulas for products of $_2F_1$ functi…
Mahler measure of a non-reciprocal family of elliptic curves
本文研究单参数椭圆曲线族 $Q_α$ 的对数 Mahler 测度，针对文献未涉及的 $α\in(-1,3)$ 情形建立了超几何公式，并数值验证及部分证明了其与椭圆曲线 $L$ 函数导数的关系。
We give two general transformations that allows certain quite general basic hypergeometric multi-sums of arbitrary depth (sums that involve an arbitrary sequence $\{g(k)\}$), to be reduced to an infinite $q$-product times a single basic hypergeometric sum. Various applications are given, including summation formulae for some $q$ orthogonal polynomials, and various multi-sums that are expressible as infinite products.
We compute the Artin $L$-function of a diagonal hypersurface D_λ over a finite field associated to a character of a finite group acting on D_λ , and under some condition, express it in terms of hypergeometric functions and Jacobi sums over the finite field. As an application, we consider the Dwork hypersurfaces and obtain relations among certain hypergeometric functions over different finite fields.
A well-known formula of Whipple relates certain hypergeometric values $_7F_6(1)$ and $_4F_3(1)$. In this paper we revisit this relation from the viewpoint of the underlying hypergeometric data $HD$, to which there are also associated hypergeometric character sums and Galois representations. We explain a special structure behind Whipple's formula when the hypergeometric data $HD$ are primitive and self-dual. If the data are also defined over $\mathbb Q$, by the work of Katz, Beukers, Cohen, and Mellit, there are compatible families of $\ell$-adic representations of the absolute Galois group of …
We prove two transformations for the $p$-adic hypergeometric functions which can be described as $p$-adic analogues of a Euler's transformation and a transformation of Clausen. We first evaluate certain character sums, and then relate them to the $p$-adic hypergeometric functions to deduce the transformations. We use a character sum identity proved by Ahlgren, Ono, and Penniston to deduce the $p$-adic Clausen's transformation. We also deduce special values of certain $p$-adic hypergeometric functions.
Arithmetic hypergeometric $\mathcal {D}$-modules and exponential sums on reductive groups
本文定义约化群有限表示族关联的超几何指数和，引入带Frobenius结构的算术超几何$\boldsymbol{\textrm{D}}$-模研究该指数和，得到其估计并构造相关$F$-等晶体。
Hypergeometric functions over finite fields
本文利用修改后的Gauss和定义了有限域上的广义超几何函数，证明其求和、变换与乘积公式，展现与复数域经典超几何函数的类比，并应用于K3曲面zeta函数。
A note on the hypergeometric datum $\big((\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{6},\frac{5}{6}),(1,1)\big)$ and symmetric squares of elliptic curves
本文探讨了超几何数据与椭圆曲线对称平方之间的模p同余关系。
We study the hypergeometric functions associated to five one-parameter deformations of Delsarte K3 quartic hypersurfaces in projective space. We compute all of their Picard--Fuchs differential equations; we count points using Gauss sums and rewrite this in terms of finite field hypergeometric sums; then we match up each differential equation to a factor of the zeta function, and we write this in terms of global L-functions. This computation gives a complete, explicit description of the motives for these pencils in terms of hypergeometric motives.
In 1988, Andrews, Dyson and Hickerson initiated the study of q-hypergeometric series whose coefficients are dictated by the arithmetic in real quadratic fields. In this paper, we provide a dozen q-hypergeometric double sums which are generating functions for the number of ideals of a given norm in rings of integers of real quadratic fields and prove some related identities.
We represent the sums $\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}{n \choose k}^{-2}$, $\sum_{k=0}^m{m\choose k}^{-1}{a\choose n-k}^{-1}$, $\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{q^{-k(k-1)}}{{\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n}{k}}_q}$, and the sum of the reciprocals of the summands in Dixon's identity, each as a product of an {\it indefinite hypergeometric sum} times a (closed form) {\it hypergeometric sequence}
Modular Forms and Certain ${}_2F_1(1)$ Hypergeometric Series
本文利用超几何动机与模形式的框架，构造了具有复乘法的权2 Hecke 特征形式族，并通过 ${}_2F_1(1)$ 超几何级数理论精确计算其中心 $L$-值，同时揭示傅里叶系数与 Jacobi 和的动机联系。
Starting from a classical generating series for Bessel functions due to Schlomilch, we use Dwork's relative dual theory to broadly generalize unit-root results of Dwork on Kloosterman sums and Sperber on hyperkloosterman sums. In particular, we express the (unique) p-adic unit root of an arbitrary exponential sum on the torus in terms of special values of the p-adic analytic continuation of a ratio of A-hypergeometric functions. In contrast with the earlier works, we use noncohomological methods and obtain results that are valid for arbitrary exponential sums without any hypothesis of nondegen…
Hypergeometric Motives from Toric Hypersurfaces
本文研究由 d 维环面中 d+2 个单项式线性组合定义的一般超曲面的两种紧化，证明其 F_q-点数量可由有限超几何和表示，并通过引入 gamma 三元组将有限超几何和推广到素数幂情形，推广了 Beukers、Cohen 和 Mellit 的工作。
We show that some $q$-series such as universal mock theta functions are linear sums of theta quotients and mock Jacobi forms of weight 1/2, which become holomorphic parts of real analytic modular forms when they are restricted to torsion points and multiplied by suitable powers of $q$. And we prove that certain linear sums of $q$-series are weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight 1/2 due to annihilation of mock Jacobi forms or completion by mock Jacobi forms. As an application, we obtain a relation between the rank and crank of a partition.
On the rank of hypergeometric sheaves on higher dimensional tori
本文证明了有限域上高维环面超几何反常层的显式秩公式，并给出几乎所有素数p下相应超几何特征和的显式估计。
The six gluon disk amplitude is calculated in superstring theory. This amplitude probes the gauge interactions with six external legs on Dp-branes, in particular including e.g. F^6-terms. The full string S-matrix can be expressed by six generalized multiple hypergeometric functions (triple hypergeometric functions), which in the effective action play an important role in arranging the higher order alpha' gauge interaction terms with six external legs (like F^6, D^4 F^4, D^2 F^5, D^6 F^4, D^2 F^6, ...). A systematic and efficient method is found to calculate tree-level string amplitudes by equa…
In the 1980's, Greene defined {\it hypergeometric functions over finite fields} using Jacobi sums. The framework of his theory establishes that these functions possess many properties that are analogous to those of the classical hypergeometric series studied by Gauss and Kummer. These functions have played important roles in the study of Apéry-style supercongruences, the Eichler-Selberg trace formula, Galois representations, and zeta-functions of arithmetic varieties. We study the value distribution (over large finite fields) of natural families of these functions. For the $_2F_1$ functions, t…
Distribution of mixed character sums and extremal problems for Littlewood polynomials
本文研究混合特征和的分布特性，并应用结果构造具有大Mahler测度和L1范数的Littlewood多项式，同时证明Turyn多项式L_{2k}范数在α=1/4处渐近最小，解决了Günther和Schmidt的猜想。
In this article we find finite field analogues of certain product formulas satisfied by the classical hypergeometric series. We express product of two ${_2}F_1$-Gaussian hypergeometric series as ${_4}F_3$- and ${_3}F_2$-Gaussian hypergeometric series. We use properties of Gauss and Jacobi sums and our earlier works on finite field Appell series to deduce these product formulas satisfied by the Gaussian hypergeometric series. We then use these transformations to evaluate explicitly some special values of ${_4}F_3$- and ${_3}F_2$-Gaussian hypergeometric series. By counting points on CM elliptic …
By telescoping method, Sun gave some hypergeometric series whose sums are related to $π$ recently. We investigate these series from the point of view of Gosper's algorithm. Given a hypergeometric term $t_k$, we consider the Gosper summability of $r(k)t_k$ for $r(k)$ being a rational function of $k$. We give an upper bound and a lower bound on the degree of the numerator of $r(k)$ such that $r(k)t_k$ is Gosper summable. We also show that the denominator of the $r(k)$ can read from the Gosper representation of $t_{k+1}/t_k$. Based on these results, we give a systematic method to construct series…
We review recent development of short uniform random walks, with a focus on its connection to (zeta) Mahler measures and modular parametrisation of the density functions. Furthermore, we extend available "probabilistic" techniques to cover a variation of random walks and reduce some three-variable Mahler measures, which are conjectured to evaluate in terms of $L$-values of modular forms, to hypergeometric form.
The Explicit Hypergeometric-Modularity Method I
本文提出显式超几何-模性方法，将给定超几何数据关联到模形式，利用拉马努金椭圆函数理论、形式群律和超同余，构造eta商并给出应用。
We give an explicit representation for the sums of multiple zeta-star values of fixed weight and height in terms of Riemann zeta values.
Recurrences for Hypergeometric Moments and Binomial-Harmonic Sums
研究系数特定的超几何级数，通过在分母引入移位参数，利用欧拉超几何微分方程推导递归，求解得到普通和与交错和化简及正分母幂公式，还应用于乘积二项式情形与调和数和，给出处理多种相关和式的统一框架。
For the purposes of this paper supercongruences are congruences between terminating hypergeometric series and quotients of $p$-adic Gamma functions that are stronger than those one can expect to prove using commutative formal group laws. We prove a number of such supercongruences by using classical hypergeometric transformation formulae. These formulae (see the appendix), most of which are decades or centuries old, allow us to write the terminating series as the ratio of products of of $Γ$-values. At this point sums have become quotients. Writing these $Γ$-quotients as $Γ_p$-quotients, we are …
Quantum Modular Forms from Real Quadratic Double Sums
本文研究Lovejoy和Osburn发现的十二个$q$-超几何级数，证明其傅里叶系数构成群$Γ_0(2)$上的三个向量值量子模形式。
Arcsine kernels, inverse-binomial harmonic sums, and classical hypergeometric transformations
研究将反正弦幂展开相关系数族放入双曲反正弦核，通过有限傅里叶投影和梅林变形等方法，得到含特定参数的恒等式及相关结果，还记录了核间卷积等细节，指出直接四次核会导致不同的\({}_4F_3\)族。
We study the Ohno-Zagier type relation for multiple $t$-values and multiple $t$-star values. We represent the generating function of sums of multiple $t$-(star) values with fixed weight, depth and height in terms of the generalized hypergeometric function $\,_3F_2$. As applications, we get a formula for the generating function of sums of multiple $t$-(star) values of maximal height and a weighted sum formula for sums of multiple $t$-(star) values with fixed weight and depth.
An iterative approach toward hypergeometric accelerations
本研究受Chu的超几何加速思路启发，基于Wilf依赖Zeilberger算法导出非齐次差分方程的加速方法，提出迭代拓展方法，证明了多个通用常数的加速拉马努金型公式及相关新加速结果。
There are many instances known when the Fourier coefficients of modular forms are congruent to partial sums of hypergeometric series. In our previous work arXiv:1803.01830, such partial sums are related to the radial asymptotics of infinite $q$-hypergeometric sums at roots of unity. Here we combine the two features to construct a hypergeometric $q$-deformation of two CM modular forms of weight 3 and discuss the corresponding $q$-congruences.
In this paper, we prove supercongruence relations for truncated $N$-tuple sums of basic hypergeometric series. As an application, we give double, triple, and quadruple sum analogs of some Ramanujan-type supercongruences.
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