A parameter estimation problem is considered for a diagonaliazable stochastic evolution equation using a finite number of the Fourier coefficients of the solution. The equation is driven by additive noise that is white in space and fractional in time with the Hurst parameter $H\geq 1/2$.
The objective is to study asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator as the number of the Fourier coefficients increases. A necessary and sufficient condition for consistency and asymptotic normality is presented in terms of the eigenvalues of the operators in the equation.
It was shown in Groeneboom (1983) that the least concave majorant of one-sided Brownian motion without drift can be characterized by a jump process with independent increments, which is the inverse of the process of slopes of the least concave majorant. This result can be used to prove the result of Sparre Andersen (1954) that the number of vertices of the smallest concave majorant of the empirical distribution function of a sample of size n from the uniform distribution on [0,1] is asymptotically normal, with an asymptotic expectation and variance which are both of order log n. A similar (Mar…
We derive integral formulas, involving the Airy function, for moments of the time a two-sided Brownian motion with parabolic drift attains its maximum.
We study the first exit time of a multi-dimensional fractional Brownian motion from unbounded domains. In particular, we are interested in the upper tail of the corresponding distribution when the domain is parabola-shaped.
We study the maximum of a Brownian motion with a parabolic drift; this is a random variable that often occurs as a limit of the maximum of discrete processes whose expectations have a maximum at an interior point. We give series expansions and integral formulas for the distribution and the first two moments, together with numerical values to high precision.
We study the Hardy-Hénon parabolic equations on $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ ($N=2, 3$) under the effect of an additive fractional Brownian noise with Hurst parameter $H>\max\left(1/2, N/4\right).$ We show local existence and uniqueness of a mid $L^{q}$-solution under suitable assumptions on $q$.
We prove that minimal graphs (other than planes) are parabolic in the sense that any bounded harmonic function is determined by its boundary values. The proof relies on using the coupling introduced in the author's earlier paper "A martingale approach to minimal surfaces" to show that Brownian motion on such a minimal graph almost surely strikes the boundary in finite time.
We prove a central limit theorem for an additive functional of the $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H\in(\frac{1}{2+d},\frac{1}{d})$, using the method of moments, extending the result by Papanicolaou, Stroock and Varadhan in the case of the standard Brownian motion.
We first consider the additive Brownian motion process $(X(s_1,s_2),\ (s_1,s_2) \in \mathbb{R}^2)$ defined by $X(s_1,s_2) = Z_1(s_1) - Z_2 (s_2)$, where $Z_1$ and $Z_2 $ are two independent (two-sided) Brownian motions. We show that with probability one, the Hausdorff dimension of the boundary of any connected component of the random set $\{(s_1,s_2)\in \mathbb{R}^2: X(s_1,s_2) >0\}$ is equal to $$ \frac{1}{4}\left(1 + \sqrt{13 + 4 \sqrt{5}}\right) \simeq 1.421\, . $$ Then the same result is shown to hold when $X$ is replaced by a standard Brownian sheet indexed by the nonnegative quadrant.
In the Reed-Frost model, an example of an SIR epidemic model, one can examine a statistic that counts the number of concurrently infected individuals. This statistic can be reformulated as a statistic on the \ER random graph $G(n,p)$. Within the critical window of Aldous and Martin-Löf, i.e. when $p = p(n) = n^{-1}+λn^{-4/3}$, the cumulative sum of this statistic converges weakly to the integral of a Brownian motion with parabolic drift. This same statistic exhibits a deterministic scaling limit when $p = (1+λ\varepsilon_n)/n$ whenever $\varepsilon_n\to 0$ and $n^{1/3}\varepsilon_n\to\infty$.
We prove a central limit theorem for an additive functional of the $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H\in(\frac{1}{1+d},\frac{1}{d})$, using the method of moments, extending the result by Papanicolaou, Stroock and Varadhan in the case of the standard Brownian motion.
We consider convolution-type stochastic Volterra equations with additive Hilbert-valued fractional Brownian motion, $0<H<1$. We find the weak solution to this stochastic Volterra equation, and study its stochastic integral part, the stochastic convolution, which we show to be mean-zero Gaussian. We develop an Itô isometry for stochastic integrals with respect to a Hilbert-valued fractional Brownian motion, and use it to compute the covariance of the stochastic convolution. This formula, which uses fractional integrals and derivatives, generalizes the well-known formula from the case $H=1/2$.
Let $B_s$ be a $d$-dimensional Brownian motion and $ω(dx)$ be an independent Poisson field on $\mathbb{R}^d$. The almost sure asymptotics for the logarithmic moment generating function [\log\math bb{E}_0\exp\biggl{\pmθ\int_0^t\bar{V}(B_s) ds\biggr}\qquad (t\to\infty)] are investigated in connection with the renormalized Poisson potential of the form [\bar{V}(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}{\frac{1}{|y-x|^p}}[ω(dy)-dy],\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}^d.] The investigation is motivated by some practical problems arising from the models of Brownian motion in random media and from the parabolic Anderson models.
\def\R{\mathbb R} We give a characterization of G-regularity for super-Brownian motion and the Brownian snake. More precisely, we define a capacity on $E=(0,\infty)\times \R^d$, which is not invariant by translation. We then prove that the hitting probability of a Borel set $A\subset E$ for the graph of the Brownian snake starting at $(0,0)$ is comparable, up to multiplicative constants, to its capacity. This implies that super-Brownian motion started at time 0 at the Dirac mass $δ_0$ hits immediately $A$ (that is $(0,0)$ is G-regular for $A^c$) if and only if its capacity is infinite. As a di…
We study distribution dependent stochastic differential equations with irregular, possibly distributional drift, driven by an additive fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter $H\in (0,1)$. We establish strong well-posedness under a variety of assumptions on the drift; these include the choice $$B(\cdot,μ) = f\astμ(\cdot) + g(\cdot),\quad f,g\in B^α_{\infty,\infty}, \quad α>1-1/2H,$$ thus extending the results by Catellier and Gubinelli [9] to the distribution dependent case. The proofs rely on some novel stability estimates for singular SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion and the u…
Let $A_t=\sum_{s\le t} F(X_{s-},X_s)$ be a purely discontinuous additive functional of a subordinate Brownian motion $X=(X_t, \mathbb P_x)$. We give a sufficient condition on the non-negative function $F$ that guarantees that finiteness of $A_{\infty}$ implies finiteness of its expectation. This result is then applied to study the relative entropy of $\mathbb P_x$ and the probability measure induced by a purely discontinuous Girsanov transform of the process $X$. We prove these results under the weak global scaling condition on the Laplace exponent of the underlying subordinator.
Error Distribution of the Local Linearization Method for Stochastic Differential Equations with Additive Brownian Noise
Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka（大阪大学工学研究科）；Department of Statistics, London School of Economics and Political Science（伦敦政治经济学院统计学系）
In this paper, we consider the strong convergence order of the exponential integrator for the stochastic heat equation driven by an additive fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in(\frac12,1)$. By showing the strong order one of accuracy of the exponential integrator under appropriote assumptions, we present the first super-convergence result in temporal direction on full discretizations for stochastic partial differential equations driven by infinite dimensional fractional Brownian motions with Hurst parameter $H\in(\frac12,1)$. The proof is a combination of Malliavin calculus, …
We build and study a data-driven procedure for the estimation of the stationary density f of an additive fractional SDE. To this end, we also prove some new concentrations bounds for discrete observations of such dynamics in stationary regime.
The path independence of additive functionals for SDEs driven by the G-Brownian motion is characterized by nonlinear PDEs. The main result generalizes the existing ones for SDEs driven by the standard Brownian motion.
We consider the problem of Hurst index estimation for solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by an additive fractional Brownian motion. Using techniques of the Malliavin calculus, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the quadratic variations of the solution, defined via higher order increments. Then we apply our results to construct and study estimators for the Hurst index.
We study the distribution of additive functionals of reset Brownian motion, a variation of normal Brownian motion in which the path is interrupted at a given rate and placed back to a given reset position. Our goal is two-fold: (1) For general functionals, we derive a large deviation principle in the presence of resetting and identify the large deviation rate function in terms of a variational formula involving large deviation rate functions without resetting. (2) For three examples of functionals (positive occupation time, area and absolute area), we investigate the effect of resetting by com…
We investigate first and second order fluctuations of additive functionals of a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) of the form \begin{align}\label{eq:abstractmain} Z_n=\left\{\int_{0}^{t}f(n^{H}(B_{s}-λ))ds\ ; t\geq 0 \right\} \end{align} where $B=\{B_{t}; t \geq 0\}$ is a fBm with Hurst parameter $H\in (0,1)$, $f$ is a suitable test function and $λ\in \mathbb{R}$. We develop our study by distinguishing two regimes which exhibit different behaviors. When $H\in(0,1/3)$, we show that a suitable renormalization of $Z_n$, compensated by a multiple of the local time of $B$, converges towards a consta…
Let $W_i=\{W_i(t), t\in \mathbb{R}_+\}, i=1,2$ be two Wiener processes and $W_3=\{W_3(\mathbf{t}), \mathbf{t}\in \mathbb{R}_+^2\}$ be a two-parameter Brownian sheet, all three processes being mutually independent. We derive upper and lower bounds for the boundary non-crossing probability $$P_f=P\{W_1(t_1)+W_2(t_2)+W_3(\mathbf{t})+h(\mathbf{t})\leq u(\mathbf{t}), \mathbf{t}\in\mathbb{R}_+^2\},$$ where $h, u: \mathbb{R}_+^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_+$ are two measurable functions. We show further that for large trend functions $γf>0$ asymptotically when $γ\to \infty$ we have that $\ln P_{γf}$ is th…
Motivated by the polynuclear growth model, we consider a Brownian bridge b(t) with b(\pm T)=0 conditioned to stay above the semicircle c_T(t)=\sqrtT^2-t^2. In the limit of large T, the fluctuation scale of b(t)-c_T(t) is T^{1/3} and its time-correlation scale is T^{2/3}. We prove that, in the sense of weak convergence of path measures, the conditioned Brownian bridge, when properly rescaled, converges to a stationary diffusion process with a drift explicitly given in terms of Airy functions. The dependence on the reference point t=τT, τ\in(-1,1), is only through the second derivative of c_T(t)…
In this paper we introduce and study Brownian motion on state spaces with varying dimension. Starting with a concrete case of such state spaces that models a big square with a flag pole, we construct a Brownian motion on it and study how heat propagates on such a space. We derive sharp two-sided global estimates on its transition density functions (also called heat kernel). These two-sided estimates are of Gaussian type, but the measure on the underlying state space does not satisfy volume doubling property. Parabolic Harnack inequality fails for such a process. Nevertheless, we show Holder re…
We describe generalized Brownian motion related to parabolic equation systems from a logical point of view, i.e., as a generalization of Anderson's random walk. The connection to classical spaces is based on the Loeb measure. It seems that the construction of Roux in [11] is the only attempt in the literature to define generalized Brownian motion related to parabolic systems with coupled second order terms, where Lamé's equation of elastic mechanics is considered as an example. In this paper we provide an exact construction from a logical point of view in a more general situation. A Feynman-Ka…
The Liouville Brownian motion was introduced in \cite{GRV} as a time changed process $B_{A_t^{-1}}$ of a planar Brownian motion $(B_t)_{t \ge 0}$, where $(A_t)_{t \ge 0}$ is the positive continuous additive functional of $(B_t)_{t \ge 0}$ in the strict sense w.r.t. the Liouville measure. We first consider a distorted Brownian motion $(X_t)_{t\ge0}$ starting from all points in $\R^2$ associated to a Dirichlet form $(\E, D(\E))$ (see \cite{ShTr14}). We show that the positive continuous additive functional $(F_t)_{t \ge 0}$ of $(X_t)_{t \ge 0}$ in the strict sense w.r.t. the Liouville distorted m…
We study the limits of the additive and derivative martingales of one-dimensional branching Brownian motion in a periodic environment. Then we prove the existence of pulsating travelling wave solutions of the corresponding F-KPP equation in the supercritical and critical cases by representing the solutions probabilistically in terms of the limits of the additive and derivative martingales. We also prove that there is no pulsating travelling wave solution in the subcritical case. Our main tools are the spine decomposition and martingale change of measures.
In this paper we consider the drift estimation problem for a general differential equation driven by an additive multidimensional fractional Brownian motion, under ergodic assumptions on the drift coefficient. Our estimation procedure is based on the identification of the invariant measure, and we provide consistency results as well as some information about the convergence rate. We also give some examples of coefficients for which the identifiability assumption for the invariant measure is satisfied.
This note extends the results in [8] to construct the rough super-Brownian motion on finite volume with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The backbone of this study is the convergence of discrete approximations of the parabolic Anderson model (PAM) on a box.
The additive monotone (resp. boolean) unitary Brownian motion is a non-commutative stochastic process with monotone (resp. boolean) independent and stationary increments which are distributed according to the arcsine law (resp. Bernoulli law) . We introduce the monotone and booleen unitary Brownian motions and we derive a closed formula for their associated moments. This provides a description of their spectral measures. We prove that, in the monotone case, the multiplicative analog of the arcsine distribution is absolutely continuous with respect to the Haar measure on the unit circle, wherea…
We give a new approach to prove the existence of a weak solution of \[dx_t = f(t,x_t)dt + g(t)dB^H_t\] where $B^H_t$ is a fractional Brownian motion with values in a separable Hilbert space for suitable functions $f$ and $g$. Our idea is to use the implicit function theorem and the scaling property of the fractional Brownian motion in order to obtain a weak solution for this equation.
We prove second order limit laws for (additive) functionals of the $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H=\frac{1}{d}$, using the method of moments, extending the Kallianpur-Robbins law.
The strong convergence rate of the Euler scheme for SDEs driven by additive fractional Brownian motions is studied, where the fractional Brownian motion has Hurst parameter $H\in(\frac13,\frac12)$ and the drift coefficient is not required to be bounded. The Malliavin calculus, the rough path theory and the $2$D Young integral are utilized to overcome the difficulties caused by the low regularity of the fractional Brownian motion and the unboundedness of the drift coefficient. The Euler scheme is proved to have strong order $2H$ for the case that the drift coefficient has bounded derivatives up…
We show that, under certain smoothness conditions, a Brownian martingale at a fixed time can be represented as an exponential of its value at a later time. The time-dependent generator of this exponential operator is equal to one half times the Malliavin derivative. This result can also be seen as a generalization of the semi-group theory of parabolic partial differential equations to the parabolic path-dependent partial differential equations introduced by Dupire (2009) and Cont and Founié (2011). The exponential operator can be calculated explicitly in a series expansion, which resembles the…
We give a direct derivation of the distribution of the maximum and the location of the maximum of one-sided and two-sided Brownian motion with a negative parabolic drift. The argument uses a relation between integrals of special functions, in particular involving integrals with respect to functions which can be called "incomplete Scorer functions". The relation is proved by showing that both integrals, as a function of two parameters, satisfy the same extended heat equation, and the maximum principle is used to show that these solution must therefore have the stated relation. Once this relatio…
In this paper we will show that the solution of 1D stochastic parabolic equation with additive noise converges to a martingale (independent upon space variable) when we rescale noise at the extremum points of the process.
In this paper we study the linear stochastic heat equation, also known as parabolic Anderson model, in multidimension driven by a Gaussian noise which is white in time and it has a correlated spatial covariance. Examples of such covariance include the Riesz kernel in any dimension and the covariance of the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in (\frac 14, \frac 12]$ in dimension one. First we establish the existence of a unique mild solution and we derive a Feynman-Kac formula for its moments using a family of independent Brownian bridges and assuming a general integrability con…
This paper studies time changes of Brownian motions by positive continuous additive functionals. Under a certain regularity condition on the associated Revuz measures, we prove that the resolvents of the time-changed Brownian motions are locally Hölder continuous in the spatial components. We also obtain lower bounds for the indice of the Hölder continuity.
We consider the linear stochastic heat equation on $\mathbb{R}^\ell$, driven by a Gaussian noise which is colored in time and space. The spatial covariance satisfies general assumptions and includes examples such as the Riesz kernel in any dimension and the covariance of the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in (\frac 14, \frac 12]$ in dimension one. First we establish the existence of a unique mild solution and we derive a Feynman-Kac formula for its moments using a family of independent Brownian bridges and assuming a general integrability condition on the initial data. In t…
We introduce a class of interesting stochastic processes based on Brownian-time processes. These are obtained by taking Markov processes and replacing the time parameter with the modulus of Brownian motion. They generalize the iterated Brownian motion (IBM) of Burdzy and the Markov snake of Le Gall, and they introduce new interesting examples. After defining Brownian-time processes, we relate them to fourth order parabolic PDEs. We then study their exit problem as they exit nice domains in $\Rd$, and connect it to elliptic PDEs. We show that these processes have the peculiar property that they…
