We describe several classes of holomorphic functions of positive real part on the unit ball; each is characterized by an operator-valued Herglotz formula. Motivated by results of J.E. McCarthy and M. Putinar, we define a family of weighted Cauchy-Fantappiè pairings on the ball and establish duality relations between certain pairs of classes, and in particular we identify the dual of the positive Schur class. We also establish the existence of self-dual classes with respect to this pairing, and identify some extreme points of the positive Schur class.
We consider operator-valued Herglotz functions and their applications to self-adjoint perturbations of self-adjoint operators and self-adjoint extensions of densely defined closed symmetric operators. Our applications include model operators for both situations, linear fractional transformations for Herglotz operators, results on Friedrichs and Krein extensions, and realization theorems for classes of Herglotz operators. Moreover, we study the concrete case of Schrödinger operators on a half-line and provide two illustrations of Livsic's result [44] on quasi-hermitian extensions in the special…
We provide a comprehensive analysis of matrix-valued Herglotz functions and illustrate their applications in the spectral theory of self-adjoint Hamiltonian systems including matrix-valued Schrödinger and Dirac-type operators. Special emphasis is devoted to appropriate matrix-valued extensions of the well-known Aronszajn-Donoghue theory concerning support properties of measures in their Nevanlinna-Riesz-Herglotz representation. In particular, we study a class of linear fractional transformations M_A(z) of a given n \times n Herglotz matrix M(z) and prove that the minimal support of the absolut…
New special types of stationary conservative impedance and scattering systems, the so-called non-canonical systems, involving triplets of Hilbert spaces and projection operators, are considered. It is established that every matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna function of the form V(z)=Q+Lz+\int_{\dR}(\frac{1}{t-z}-\frac{t}{1+t^2})dΣ(t) can be realized as a transfer function of such a new type of conservative impedance system. In this case it is shown that the realization can be chosen such that the main and the projection operators of the realizing system satisfy a certain commutativity conditio…
The Bessmertny\uı class consists of rational matrix-valued functions of $d$ complex variables representable as the Schur complement of a block of a linear pencil $A(z)=z_1A_1+\cdots+z_dA_d$ whose coefficients $A_k$ are positive semidefinite matrices. We show that it coincides with the subclass of rational functions in the Herglotz-Agler class over the right poly-halfplane which are homogeneous of degree one and which are Cayley inner. The latter means that such a function is holomorphic on the right poly-halfplane and takes skew-Hermitian matrix values on $(i\mathbb{R})^d$, or equivalently, is…
In this note I prove the following property of Herglotz functions, which to my knowledge is new: For a Herglotz function $h(z)$ and a real number $r \in \mathbb R$ define a Herglotz function $g_r(z) = (r - h(z))^{-1}.$ Let $μ_r^{(s)}$ be the singular part of the measure $μ_r$ which corresponds to $g_r(z)$ via the Herglotz representation theorem. Then the measure $\int_0^1 μ_r^{(s)}\,dr$ is absolutely continuous, its density is integer-valued a.e., and moreover the density takes values $0$ or $1$ a.e.
A complex function $f(z)$ is called a Herglotz-Nevanlinna function if it is holomorphic in the upper half-plane ${\mathbb C}_+$ and maps ${\mathbb C}_+$ into itself. By a maximum principle a Herglotz-Nevanlinna function which takes a real value $a$ in a single point $z_0\in {\mathbb C}_+$ should be identically equal to $a$. In the present note we prove similar invariance results both for the point and the continuous spectra of an operator-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna function with values in the set of bounded or unbounded linear operators (or relations) in a Hilbert space. The proof of this inva…
A classical theorem of Herglotz states that a function $n\mapsto r(n)$ from $\mathbb Z$ into $\mathbb C^{s\times s}$ is positive definite if and only there exists a $\mathbb C^{s\times s}$-valued positive measure $dμ$ on $[0,2π]$ such that $r(n)=\int_0^{2π}e^{int}dμ(t)$for $n\in \mathbb Z$. We prove a quaternionic analogue of this result when the function is allowed to have a number of negative squares. A key tool in the argument is the theory of slice hyperholomorphic functions, and the representation of such functions which have a positive real part in the unit ball of the quaternions. We st…
We consider a certain class of Herglotz-Nevanlinna matrix-valued functions which can be realized as the Weyl-Titchmarsh matrix-valued function of some symmetric operator and its self-adjoint extension. New properties of Weyl -Titchmarsh matrix-valued functions as well as a new version of the functional model in such realizations are presented. In the case of periodic Herglotz-Nevanlinna matrix-valued functions we provide a complete characterization of their realizations in terms of the corresponding functional model. We also obtain properties of a symmetric operator and its self-adjoint extens…
We discuss transfer-function realization for multivariable holomorphic functions mapping the unit polydisk or the right polyhalfplane into the operator analogue of either the unit disk or the right halfplane (Schur/Herglotz functions over either the unit polydisk or the right polyhalfplane) which satisfy the appropriate stronger contractive/positive real part condition for the values of these functions on commutative tuples of strict contractions/strictly accretive operators (Schur--Agler/Herglotz--Agler functions over either the unit polydisk or the right polyhalfplane). As originally shown b…
We identify the set of extreme points and apply Choquet theory to a normalized matrix-measure ball subject to finitely many linear side constraints. As an application we obtain integral representation formulas for the Herglotz class of matrix-valued functions on a finitely-connected planar domain and associated continuous Agler decompositions for the matrix-valued Schur class over the domain. The results give some additional insight into the negative answer to the spectral set problem over such domains recently obtained by Agler-Harland-Raphael and Dritschel-McCullough.
In this paper, we study the boundedness and the compactness of the little Hankel operators $h_b$ with operator-valued symbols $b$ between different weighted vector-valued Bergman spaces on the open unit ball $\mathbb{B}_n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n.$ More precisely, given two complex Banach spaces $X,Y,$ and $0 < p,q \leq 1,$ we characterize those operator-valued symbols $b: \mathbb{B}_{n}\rightarrow \mathcal{L}(\overline{X},Y)$ for which the little Hankel operator $h_{b}: A^p_α(\mathbb{B}_{n},X) \longrightarrow A^q_α(\mathbb{B}_{n},Y),$ is a bounded operator. Also, given two reflexive complex Banach s…
In this paper, we study free pluriharmonic functions on noncommutative balls, and their boundary behavior. The main tools used in this study are certain noncommutative transforms which are introduced in the present paper and which generalize the classical transforms of Berezin, Poisson, Fantappie, Herglotz, and Cayley. Several classical results from complex analysis have free analogues in our noncommutative multivariable setting.
Given a purely contractive matrix-valued analytic function $Θ$ on the unit disc $\bm{D}$, we study the $\mc{U} (n)$-parameter family of unitary perturbations of the operator $Z_Θ$ of multiplication by $z$ in the Hilbert space $L^2_Θ$ of $n-$component vector-valued functions on the unit circle $\bm{T}$ which are square integrable with respect to the matrix-valued measure $\Om_Θ$ determined uniquely by $Θ$ and the matrix-valued Herglotz representation theorem. In the case where $Θ$ is an extreme point of the unit ball of bounded $\bm{M}_n$-valued functions we verify that the $\mc{U} (n)$-paramet…
For Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ we study the vector-valued spectrum $\mathcal M_\infty(B_X,B_Y)$, that is the set of non null algebra homomorphisms from $\mathcal H^\infty(B_X)$ to $\mathcal H^\infty(B_Y)$, which is naturally projected onto the closed unit ball of $\mathcal H^\infty(B_Y, X^{**})$. The aim of this article is to describe the fibers defined by this projection, searching for analytic balls and considering Gleason parts.
For a complex Banach space $X$ with open unit ball $B_X,$ consider the Banach algebras $\mathcal H^\infty(B_X)$ of bounded scalar-valued holomorphic functions and the subalgebra $\mathcal A_u(B_X)$ of uniformly continuous functions on $B_X.$ Denoting either algebra by $\mathcal A,$ we study the Gleason parts of the set of scalar-valued homomorphisms $\mathcal M(\mathcal A)$ on $\mathcal A.$ Following remarks on the general situation, we focus on the case $X = c_0.$
We study a rather general class of optimal "ballistic" transport problems for matrix-valued measures. These problems naturally arise, in the spirit of \emph{Y. Brenier. Comm. Math. Phys. (2018) 364(2) 579-605}, from a certain dual formulation of nonlinear evolutionary equations with a particular quadratic structure reminiscent both of the incompressible Euler equation and of the quadratic Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The examples include the ideal incompressible MHD, the template matching equation, the multidimensional Camassa-Holm (also known as the Hdiv geodesic equation), EPDiff, Euler-alpha, …
This paper concerns a commutant lifting theorem and a Nevanlinna-Pick type interpolation result in the setting of multipliers from vector-valued Drury-Arveson space to a large class of vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces over the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. The special case of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces includes all natural examples of Hilbert spaces like Hardy space, Bergman space and weighted Bergman spaces over the unit ball.
In this paper, We study dimension-free $L^p$ estimates for UMD lattice-valued $q$-variations of Hardy-Littlewood averaging operators associated with the Euclidean balls.
Denote by $ B_X $ the unit ball of an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space $ X. $ Let $ψ\in H(B_X),$ the space of all holomorphic functions on the unit ball $B_X,$ $φ\in S(B_X)$ the set of holomorphic self-maps of $B_X. $ Let $C_{ψ, φ}: \mathcal B_ν(B_X)$ (and $ \mathcal B_{ν,0}(B_X)$) $\to \mathcal B_μ(B_X) $ (and $ \mathcal B_{μ,0}(B_X)$) be weighted extended Cesàro operators induced by products of the extended Cesàro operator $ C_φ$ and integral operator $T_ψ.$ In this paper, we characterize the boundedness and compactness of $ C_{ψ,φ} $ via the estimates for the restrictions of $ ψ$ …
We study a "$p$-powered" version $K_n^p(F(R))$ of the well-known Bohr radius problem for the family $F(R)$ of holomorphic functions $f: R\to X$ satisfying $\|f\|<\infty$, where $\|.\|$ is a norm in the function space $F(R)$, $R\subset\mathbb{C}^n$ is a complete Reinhardt domain and $X$ is a complex Banach space. For all $p>0$, we describe in full details the asymptotic behaviour of $K_n^p(F(R))$, where $F(R)$ is (a) the Hardy space of $X$-valued holomorphic functions defined in the open unit polydisk $\mathbb{D}^n$, and (b) the space of bounded $X$-valued holomorphic or complex-valued plurihar…
Let $ E $ be a space of holomorphic functions on the unit ball $ B_X $ of a Banach space $ X.$ In this work, we introduce a Banach structure associated to $ E $ on the linear space $ WE(Y) $ containing $ Y$-valued holomorphic functions on $ B_X $ such that $ w \circ f \in E $ for every $ w \in W, $ a separating subspace of the dual $ Y' $ of a Banach $ Y. $ We establish the relation between the boundedness, the (weak) compactness of the weighted composition operators $ W_{ψ,φ}: f\mapsto ψ\cdot(f \circ φ) $ on $ E $ and $ \widetilde{W}_{ψ,φ}: g\mapsto ψ\cdot(g \circ φ) $ on $ WE(Y)$ via some ch…
We study the vector-valued spectrum $\mathcal{M}_\infty(B_{c_0},B_{c_0})$, that is, the set of non null algebra homomorphisms from $\mathcal H^\infty(B_{c_0})$ to $\mathcal H^\infty(B_{c_0})$ which is naturally projected onto the closed unit ball of $\mathcal H^\infty(B_{c_0}, \ell_\infty)$, likewise the scalar-valued spectrum $\mathcal M_\infty(B_{c_0})$ which is projected over $\bar{B}_{\ell_\infty}$. Our itinerary begins in the scalar-valued spectrum $\mathcal{M}_\infty(B_{c_0})$: by expanding a result by Cole, Gamelin and Johnson (1992) we prove that on each fiber there are $2^c$ disjoint …
Let, J, be an m-by-m-signature matrix and let D be the open unit disk in the complex plane. Denote by P{J,0}(D) the class of all meromorphic m-by-m-matrix-valued functions, f, in D which are holomorphic at 0 and take J-contractive values at all points of D at which f is holomorphic. The central theme of this paper is the study of the following interpolation problem: Let n be a nonnegative integer, and let A_0, A_1, ..., A_n be a sequence of complex m-by-m-matrices. Describe the set of all matrix-valued functions, f, belonging to the class P{J,0}(D), such that the first n+1 Taylor coefficients …
We show that the duals of Banach algebras of scalar-valued bounded holomorphic functions on the open unit ball $B_E$ of a Banach space $E$ lack weak$^*$-strongly exposed points. Consequently, we obtain that some Banach algebras of holomorphic functions on an arbitrary Banach space have the Daugavet property which extends the observation of P. Wojtaszczyk. Moreover, we present a new denseness result by proving that the set of norm-attaining vector-valued holomorphic functions on the open unit ball of a dual Banach space is dense provided that its predual space has the metric $π$-property. Besid…
In this paper the continuity of the set valued map $p\rightarrow B_{Ω,\mathcal{X},p}(r),$ $p\in (1,+\infty),$ is proved where $B_{Ω,\mathcal{X},p}(r)$ is the closed ball of the space $L_{p}\left(Ω,Σ,μ; \mathcal{X}\right)$ centered at the origin with radius $r,$ $\left(Ω,Σ,μ\right)$ is a finite and positive measure space, $\mathcal{X}$ is separable Banach space. An application to input-output system described by Urysohn type integral operator is discussed.
We construct a non-commutative Aleksandrov-Clark measure for any element in the operator-valued free Schur class, the closed unit ball of the free Toeplitz algebra of vector-valued full Fock space over $\mathbb{C} ^d$. Here, the free (analytic) Toeplitz algebra is the unital weak operator topology (WOT)-closed algebra generated by the component operators of the free shift, the row isometry of left creation operators. This defines a bijection between the free operator-valued Schur class and completely positive maps (non-commutative AC measures) on the operator system of the free disk algebra, t…
We show a Dvoretsky-Rogers type Theorem for the adapted version of the $q$-summing operators to the topology of the convergence of the vector valued integrals on Banach function spaces. In the pursuit of this objective we prove that the mere summability of the identity map does not guaranty that the space has to be finite dimensional, contrarily to the classical case. Some local compactness assumptions on the unit balls are required. Our results open the door to new convergence theorems and tools regarding summability of series of integrable functions and approximation in function spaces, sinc…
The abstract theory of boundary triples is applied to the classical Jacobi differential operator and its powers in order to obtain the Weyl $m$-function for several self-adjoint extensions with interesting boundary conditions: separated, periodic and those that yield the Friedrichs extension. These matrix-valued Nevanlinna--Herglotz $m$-functions are, to the best knowledge of the author, the first explicit examples to stem from singular higher-order differential equations. The creation of the boundary triples involves taking pieces, determined in a previous paper, of the principal and non-prin…
We investigate Baire classes of strongly affine mappings with values in Fréchet spaces. We show, in particular, that the validity of the vector-valued Mokobodzki's result on affine functions of the first Baire class is related to the approximation property of the range space. We further extend several results known for scalar functions on Choquet simplices or on dual balls of $L_1$-preduals to the vector-valued case. This concerns, in particular, affine classes of strongly affine Baire mappings, the abstract Dirichlet problem and the weak Dirichlet problem for Baire mappings. Some of these res…
Let $K$ be a compact Hausdorff space and let $H$ be a real or complex Hilbert space with dim$(H_\mathbb{R})\geq 2$. We prove that the space $C(K,H)$ of all $H$-valued continuous functions on $K$, equipped with the supremum norm, satisfies the Mazur--Ulam property, that is, if $Y$ is any real Banach space, every surjective isometry $Δ$ from the unit sphere of $C(K,H)$ onto the unit sphere of $Y$ admits a unique extension to a surjective real linear isometry from $C(K,H)$ onto $Y$. Our strategy relies on the structure of $C(K)$-module of $C(K,H)$ and several results in JB$^*$-triple theory. For …
We introduce a vector-valued version of a uniform algebra, called the vector-valued function space over a uniform algebra. The diameter two properties of the vector-valued function space over a uniform algebra on an infinite compact Hausdorff space are investigated. Every nonempty relatively weakly open subset of the unit ball of a vector-valued function space $A(K, (X, τ))$ over an infinite dimensional uniform algebra has the diameter two, where $τ$ is a locally convex Hausdorff topology on a Banach space $X$ compatible to a dual pair. Under the assumption on $X$ being uniformly convex with n…
The paper gives a Banach space -valued extension of the Tb theorem of Nazarov, Treil and Volberg (2003) concerning the boundedness of singular integral operators with respect to a measure, which only satisfies an upper control on the size of balls. Under the same assumptions as in their result, such operators are shown to be bounded on the Bochner spaces of functions with values in a Banach space with the unconditionality property of martingale differences (UMD). The new proof deals directly with all Lebesgue exponents p in the range 1<p<infinity, and relies on delicate estimates for the non-h…
Following ideas from the Abstract Interpolation Problem of Katsnelson et al. (Operators in spaces of functions and problems in function theory, vol 146, pp 83-69, Naukova Dumka, Keiv, 1987) for Schur class functions, we study a general metric constrained interpolation problem for functions from a vector-valued de Branges-Rovnyak space $\mathcal{H}(K_S)$ associated with an operator-valued Schur class function $S$. A description of all solutions is obtained in terms of functions from an associated de Branges-Rovnyak space satisfying only a bound on the de Branges-Rovnyak-space norm. Attention is…
For a large class of unitarily invariant reproducing kernel functions $K$ on the unit ball $\mathbb B_d$ in $\mathbb C^d$, we characterize the $K$-inner functions on $\mathbb B_d$ as functions admitting a suitable transfer function realization. We associate with each $K$-contraction $T \in L(H)^d$ a canonical operator-valued $K$-inner function and extend a uniqueness theorem of Arveson for minimal $K$-dilations to our setting. We thus generalize results of Olofsson for $m$-hypercontractions on the unit disc and of the first named author for $m$-hypercontractions on the unit ball.
A Banach space is said to have the ball-covering property (abbreviated BCP) if its unit sphere can be covered by countably many closed, or equivalently, open balls off the origin. Let $K$ be a locally compact Hausdorff space and $X$ be a Banach space. In this paper, we give a topological characterization of BCP, that is, the continuous function space $C_0(K)$ has the (uniform) BCP if and only if $K$ has a countable $π$-basis. Moreover, we give the stability theorem: the vector-valued continuous function space $C_0(K,X)$ has the (strong or uniform) BCP if and only if $K$ has a countable $π$-bas…
We analyse $C_0$-semigroups of contractive operators on real-valued $L^p$-spaces for $p \not= 2$ and on other classes of non-Hilbert spaces. We show that, under some regularity assumptions on the semigroup, the geometry of the unit ball of those spaces forces the semigroup's generator to have only trivial (point) spectrum on the imaginary axis. This has interesting consequences for the asymptotic behaviour as $t \to \infty$. For example, we can show that a contractive and eventually norm continuous $C_0$-semigroup on a real-valued $L^p$-space automatically converges strongly if $p \not\in \{1,…
We study $C^*$-algebras generated by Toeplitz operators acting on the standard weighted Bergman space $\mathcal{A}_λ^2(\mathbb{B}^n)$ over the unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$. The symbols $f_{ac}$ of generating operators are assumed to be of a certain product type. By choosing $a$ and $c$ in different function algebras $\mathcal{S}_a$ and $\mathcal{S}_c$ over lower dimensional unit balls $\mathbb{B}^{\ell}$ and $\mathbb{B}^{n-\ell}$, respectively, and by assuming the invariance of $a\in \mathcal{S}_a$ under some torus action we obtain $C^*$-algebras $\boldsymbol{\mathcal{T}}_λ(\math…
Let $X$ be a ball quasi-Banach function space on ${\mathbb R}^n$. In this article, the authors introduce the weak Hardy-type space $WH_X({\mathbb R}^n)$, associated with $X$, via the radial maximal function. Assuming that the powered Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator satisfies some Fefferman--Stein vector-valued maximal inequality on $X$ as well as it is bounded on both the weak ball quasi-Banach function space $WX$ and the associated space, the authors then establish several real-variable characterizations of $WH_X({\mathbb R}^n)$, respectively, in terms of various maximal functions, atoms a…
In this paper we continue our investigation concerning the hyperbolic geometry on the noncommutative ball $[B(H)^n]_1^-$, where $B(H)$ is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space $H$, and its implications to noncommutative function theory. The central object is an intertwining operator $L_{B,A}$ of the minimal isometric dilations of $A, B\in [B(H)^n]_1^-$, which establishes a strong connection between noncommutative hyperbolic geometry on $[B(H)^n]_1^-$ and multivariable dilation theory. The goal of this paper is to study the operator $L_{B,A}$ and its connections to the …
