Anton Ilderton
We analyse the role of the Gribov ambiguity in the construction of physical charges in gauge theories. It is shown explicitly how the Gribov copies prevent the construction of physical coloured charges beyond perturbation theory. We also present a new and manifestly non-perturbative class of Coulomb gauge Gribov copies.
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In this paper the arising of Gribov copies both in Landau and Coulomb gauges in regions with non-trivial topologies but flat metric, (such as closed tubes S1XD2, or RXT2) will be analyzed. Using a novel generalization of the hedgehog ansatz beyond spherical symmetry, analytic examples of Gribov copies of the vacuum will be constructed. Using such ansatz, we will also construct the elliptic Gribov pendulum. The requirement of absence of Gribov copies of the vacuum satisfying the strong boundary conditions implies geometrical constraints on the shapes and sizes of the regions with non-trivial to…
Complex monopole solutions exist in the three dimensional Georgi-Glashow model with the Chern-Simons term. They dominate the path integral and disorder the Higgs vacuum. Gribov copies of the vacuum and monopole configurations are studied in detail.
Analytic calculations in the infrared regime of nonabelian gauge theories are hampered by the presence of Gribov copies which results in some ambiguity in the gauge-fixing procedure. This problem shares strong similarities with the issue of finding the true ground state among a large number of metastable states, a typical situation in the field of statistical physics of disordered systems. Building on this analogy, we propose a new gauge-fixing procedure which, we argue, makes more explicit the influence of the Gribov copies. A 1-loop calculation shows that the dynamics of these copies can lea…
In this work, we recover the problem of legitimate topologically trivial Gribov copies inside the Gribov horizon. We avoid the reducibility problem which hampered the standard construction of van Baal, and then we are able to build a valid example with spherical symmetry. We also apply the same technique in the presence of a background of a Polyakov instanton in a Euclidian 3D spacetime, in order to study the effect of a non trivial environment in the generation of multiple copies inside the horizon.
A path integral with BRST symmetry can be formulated by summing the Gribov-type copies in a very specific way if the functional correspondence between $τ$ and the gauge parameter $ω$ defined by $τ(x) = f( A_μ^ω)$ is ``globally single valued'', where $f( A_μ^ω) = 0 $ specifies the gauge condition. A soluble gauge model with Gribov-type copies recently analyzed by Friedberg, Lee, Pang and Ren satisfies this criterion. A detailed BRST analysis of the soluble model proposed by the above authors is presented. The BRST symmetry, if it is consistently implemented, ensures the gauge independence of ph…
The covariant gauges are known to suffer from the Gribov problem: even after fixing a gauge non-perturbatively, there may still exist residual copies which are physically equivalent to each other, called Gribov copies. While the influence of Gribov copies in the relevant quantities such as gluon propagators has been heavily debated in recent studies, the significance of the role they play in the Faddeev--Popov procedure is hardly doubted. We concentrate on Gribov copies in the first Gribov region, i.e., the space of Gribov copies at which the Faddeev--Popov operator is strictly positive (semi)…
We review the procedure by which we implemented the non-Abelian Gauss's law and constructed gauge-invariant fields for QCD in the temporal (Weyl) gauge. We point out that the operator-valued transformation that transforms gauge-dependent temporal-gauge fields into gauge-invariant ones has the formal structure of a gauge transformation. We express the ``standard'' Hamiltonian for temporal-gauge QCD entirely in terms of gauge-invariant fields, calculate the commutation rules for these fields, and compare them to earlier work on Coulomb-gauge QCD. We also discuss multiplicities of gauge-invariant…
The existence of Gribov copies is a central feature of the field configuration space of confining gauge theories. In particular a transition between two Gribov copies with relative winding number implies a space-time configuration with topological charge. We explicitly demonstrate the proliferation of Gribov copies with relative winding number, where our focus is on localized (finite norm) configurations in Coulomb gauge. We then discuss the likelihood that some pairs of such copies are connected by Minkowski space solutions. We also comment on the relative importance of instantons and the con…
Recently, based on a new procedure to quantize the theory in the continuum, it was argued that Singer's theorem points towards the existence of a Yang-Mills ensemble. In the new approach, the gauge fields are mapped into an auxiliary field space used to separately fix the gauge on different sectors labeled by center vortices. In this work, we study this procedure in more detail. We provide examples of configurations belonging to sectors labeled by center vortices and discuss the existence of nonabelian degrees of freedom. Then, we discuss the importance of the mapping injectivity, and show tha…
We show that an explicit counting of Gribov copies can shed light on the infrared behavior of non-abelian gauge theories. A power-law growth of the number of copies suppresses gluon propagation while the distribution of copies along a gauge orbit implies an enhanced density of small eigenvalues of the Fadeev-Popov operator. Both of these phenomena are related to confinement. The discreteness in the number of copies and the associated nonlocality also has implications for vacuum energy.
After a brief historical comment on the study of BRS(or BRST) symmetry , we discuss the quantization of gauge theories with Gribov copies. A path integral with BRST symmetry can be formulated by summing the Gribov-type copies in a very specific way if the functional correspondence between $τ$ and the gauge parameter $ω$ defined by $τ(x) = f( A_μ^ω(x))$ is ``globally single valued'', where $f( A_μ^ω(x)) = 0 $ specifies the gauge condition. As an example of the theory which satisfies this criterion, we comment on a soluble gauge model with Gribov-type copies recently analyzed by Friedberg, Lee, …
In previous works, we have shown that the Gribov-Zwanziger action, which implements the restriction of the domain of integration in the path integral to the Gribov region, generates extra dynamical effects which influence the infrared behaviour of the gluon and ghost propagator in SU(N) Yang-Mills gauge theories. The latter are in good agreement with the most recent lattice data obtained at large volumes, both in 4D and in 3D. More precisely, the gluon propagator is suppressed and does not vanish at zero momentum, while the ghost propagator keeps a 1/p^2 behaviour for p^2\approx0. Instead, in …
We introduce a background gauge akin to the Landau-DeWitt gauge but deformed by the presence of a gauge parameter for the quantization of Euclidean Yang-Mills theories. In the limit where the background field vanishes, standard linear covariant gauges are recovered. This gauge allows for an explicit investigation of the effects of infinitesimal Gribov copies and their impact to background and gauge parameter dependence of physical correlators. Similarly to linear covariant gauges, the introduction of gauge-invariant dressed fields is essential to restore BRST symmetry. Hence, we construct a BR…
Using powerful tools of harmonic maps and integrable systems, all the Gribov copies in the Coulomb gauge in 3D Chern-Simons theory are constructed. Some issues about the Gribov and the modular re- gions are shortly discussed. The Gribov copies of the vacuum in 3D QCD in the Coulomb gauge are described. An interesting implication of the presence of Gribov copies is briefy pointed out.
We summarize the construction of the Gribov-Zwanziger action and how it leads to a scenario which explains the confinement of gluons, in the sense that the elementary gluon excitations violate positivity. Then we address the question of how one can construct operators within this picture whose one-loop correlation functions have the correct analytic properties in order to correspond to physical excitations. For this we introduce the concept of i-particles.
We show that a modification of the BRST lattice quantization allows to circumvent an old paradox, formulated by Neuberger, related to lattice Gribov copies and non-perturbative BRST invariance. In the continuum limit the usual BRST formulation is recovered.
We aim to offer a kind of unifying view on two popular topics in the studies of nonperturbative aspects of Yang-Mills theories in the Landau gauge: the so-called Gribov-Zwanziger approach and the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion. Borrowing results from statistical thermodynamics, we show that imposing the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion as a boundary condition leads to a modified yet renormalizable partition function. We verify that the resulting partition function is equivalent with the one obtained by Gribov and Zwanziger, which restricts the domain of integration in the path integral withi…
In this paper, we treat the proper path integral quantization of the Yang-Mills-aether (YM-aether) system by dealing with the extra gauge copies in the Landau gauge. Within Gribov's prescription to get rid of such remaining gauge copies, we explicitly derive the Gribov parameter dependence of the coupling constant and of the Lorentz violation aether term. The ultraviolet limit is investigated under the light of recent bounds on the magnitude of the non-Abelian aether parameter, and we show that the Gribov parameter can be disregarded in that limit.
In a previous work, we presented a new method to account for the Gribov ambiguities in non-Abelian gauge theories. The method consists on the introduction of an extra constraint which directly eliminates the infinitesimal Gribov copies without the usual geometric approach. Such strategy allows to treat gauges with non-hermitian Faddeev-Popov operator. In this work, we apply this method to a gauge which interpolates among the Landau and maximal Abelian gauges. The result is a local and power counting renormalizable action, free of infinitesimal Gribov copies. Moreover, the interpolating tree-le…
Nonperturbative and lattice methods indicate that Gribov copies modify the infrared behavior of gauge theories and cause a suppression of gluon propagation. We investigate whether this can be implemented in a modified perturbation theory. The minimal modification proceeds via a nonlocal generalization of the Fadeev-Popov ghost that automatically decouples from physical states. The expected scale invariance of the physics associated with Gribov copies leads to the emergence of a nontrivial infrared fixed point. For a range of a scaling exponent the gauge bosons exhibit unparticlelike behavior i…
The complete cancellation of Gribov copies and the Neuberger 0/0 problem of lattice BRST can be avoided in modified lattice Landau gauge. In compact U(1), where the problem is a lattice artifact, there remain to be Gribov copies but their number is exponentially reduced. Moreover, there is no cancellation of copies there as the sign of the Faddeev-Popov determinant is positive. Applied to the maximal Abelian subgroup this avoids the perfect cancellation amongst the remaining Gribov copies for SU(N) also. In addition, based on a definition of gauge fields on the lattice as stereographically-pro…
We present results of the careful study of the Gribov copies problem in SU(2) lattice gauge theory for the direct maximal center projection widely used in confinement studies. Applying simulated annealing algorithm we demonstrate that this problem is more severe than it was thought before. The projected (gauge noninvariant) string tension is not in the agreement with the physical string tension. We do not find any indications that P-vortices reproduce the full SU(2) string tension neither in the infinite volume limit nor in the continuum limit.
The existence of gauge (Gribov) copies disturbs the usual Faddeev-Popov quantization procedure in the Landau gauge. It is a very hard job to treat these in the continuum, even in a partial manner. A decent way to do so was worked out by Gribov, and later on by Zwanziger. The final point was a renormalizable action (the Gribov-Zwanziger action), implementing the restriction of the path integration to the so-called Gribov region, which is free of a subset of gauge copies, but not of all copies. Till recently, everybody agreed upon the fact that the restriction to the Gribov region implied a infr…
Gribov Problem and Stochastic Quantization
本研究针对规范场Faddeev-Popov量子化中存在的Gribov副本问题，解析研究了格里博夫半经典解决方案，并阐明无Gribov问题的随机量子化方案，为规范理论非微扰研究提供新候选路径。
I comment on possible relations of Gribov's ideas on mechanism of confinement with some phenomena in QCD and in supersymmetric gauge theories.
Yang-Mills theories at finite temperature quantized in linear covariant gauges: gauge copies and semi-non-perturbative effects
该研究针对有限温度下最大阿贝尔规范和线性协变规范中量子化的四维欧几里得杨-米尔斯理论，通过混合方法探索有限温度效应与移除格里博副本的相互作用，验证了胶子自由度的三种相。
The infrared behavior of the gluon and ghost propagators is studied in SU(2) Euclidean Yang-Mills theory in the maximal Abelian gauge within the Gribov-Zwanziger framework. The nonperturbative effects associated with the Gribov copies and with the dimension two condensates are simultaneously encoded into a local and renormalizable Lagrangian. The resulting behavior turns out to be in good agreement with the lattice data.
The continuum Yang-Mills functional integral within the first order formalism and in Coulomb gauge is studied. In particular, the temporal zero-modes of the Faddeev-Popov operator are explicitly accounted for. It is shown that the treatment of these zero-modes results in the constraint that the total color charge of the system vanishes at all times. Further, it is argued that the functional integral is effectively fully gauge-fixed once Gauss' law has been resolved in Coulomb gauge.
In the modern formulation of lattice gauge-fixing, the gauge fixing condition is written in terms of the minima or stationary points (collectively called solutions) of a gauge-fixing functional. Due to the non-linearity of this functional, it usually has many solutions called Gribov copies. The dependence of the number of Gribov copies, n[U] on the different gauge orbits plays an important role in constructing the Faddeev-Popov procedure and hence in realising the BRST symmetry on the lattice. Here, we initiate a study of counting n[U] for different orbits using three complimentary methods: 1.…
The path integral approach for a 3D Chern-Simons theory is discussed with a focus on the question of metric independence and BRST-exactness in the light of Gribov ambiguity. Copies of the vacuum satisfying the strong boundary conditions and with trivial winding number are shown to exist. This problem is relevant for Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions as well. Furthermore, it is also shown that there are regular background metrics supporting an infinite number of zero modes of the Abelian Faddeev-Popov operator in the Coulomb gauge. In order to avoid overcounting one could restrict the possibl…
We study the approach, initiated by Marinari et al., to the static inter-quark potential based on Polyakov lines of finite temporal extent, evaluated in Coulomb gauge. We show that, at small spatial separations, the potential can be understood as being between two separately gauge invariant colour charges. At larger separations Gribov copies obstruct the non-perturbative identification of individually gauge invariant colour states. We demonstrate, for the first time, how gauge invariance can be maintained quite generally by averaging over Gribov copies. This allows us to extend the analysis of…
The two-point gauge correlation function in Yang--Mills--Chern--Simons theory in three dimensional Euclidean space is analysed by taking into account the non-perturbative effects of the Gribov horizon. In this way, we are able to describe the confinement and de-confinement regimes, which naturally depend on the topological mass and on the gauge coupling constant of the theory.
The effects of the Gribov copies on the gluon and ghost propagators are investigated in SU(2) Euclidean Yang-Mills theory quantized in the maximal Abelian gauge. The diagonal component of the gluon propagator displays the characteristic Gribov type behavior. The off-diagonal component of the gluon propagator is found to be of the Yukawa type, with a dynamical mass originating from the dimension two condensate <A^2>, which is also taken into account. Finally, the off-diagonal ghost propagator exhibits infrared enhancement.
The quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories is known to be plagued by Gribov copies. Typical examples are the copies related to zero modes of the Faddeev-Popov operator, which give rise to singularities in the ghost propagator. In this work we present an exact and compact expression for the ghost propagator as a function of external gauge fields, in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge. It is shown, to all orders, that the condition for the ghost propagator not to have a pole, the so-called Gribov's no-pole condition, can be implemented by demanding a nonvanishing expectation value f…
We study the Gribov problem in four-dimensional topological Yang-Mills theories following the Baulieu-Singer approach in the (anti-)self-dual Landau gauges. This is a gauge-fixed approach that allows to recover the topological spectrum, as first constructed by Witten, by means of an equivariant (or constrained) BRST cohomology. As standard gauge-fixed Yang-Mills theories suffer from the gauge copy (Gribov) ambiguity, one might wonder if and how this has repercussions for this analysis. The resolution of the small (infinitesimal) gauge copies, in general, affects the dynamics of the underlying …
We construct a smooth gauge for the adjoint field which is free of ambiguities on the lattice. In this Laplacian Center Gauge, center vortices and monopoles appear together as local gauge defects. A numerical study of center vortices in SU(2) and SU(3) supports equality of the $Z_N$ and SU(N) string tensions in the continuum limit, and only then.
In this paper, a proposal for the restriction of the Euclidean functional integral to a region free of infinitesimal Gribov copies in linear covariant gauges is discussed. An effective action, akin to the Gribov-Zwanziger action of the Landau gauge, is obtained which implements the aforementioned restriction. Although originally non-local, this action can be cast in local form by introducing auxiliary fields. As in the case of the Landau gauge, dimension two condensates are generated at the quantum level, giving rise to a refinement of the action which is employed to obtain the tree-level gluo…
It is shown that in the noncommutative version of QED (NCQED) Gribov copies induced by the noncommutativity of space-time appear in the Landau gauge. This is a genuine effect of noncommutative geometry which disappears when the noncommutative parameter vanishes.
We calculate the Faddeev-Popov operator corresponding to the maximally Abelian gauge for gauge group SU(N). Specializing to SU(2) we look for explicit zero modes of this operator. Within an illuminating toy model (Yang-Mills mechanics) the problem can be completely solved and understood. In the field theory case we are able to find an analytic expression for a normalizable zero mode in the background of a single `t Hooft instanton. Accordingly, such an instanton corresponds to a horizon configuration in the maximally Abelian gauge. Possible physical implications are discussed.
In this paper, we discuss non-perturbative infrared features of Yang-Mills theory in Euclidean space-time dimensions greater than four in the Landau gauge and within the Refined Gribov-Zwanziger framework, which enables us to take into account the existence of gauge copies by restricting the domain of integration in the path integral to the Gribov region. Evidences for a decoupling/massive solution for the gluon propagator in higher dimensions are provided. This behavior is strengthened the bigger the dimension is. Further, we show that, by a dimensional reduction of the Refined Gribov-Zwanzig…
This work presents concisely the results obtained from the analysis of the two-point function of the gauge field in the $SU(2)$ and $SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge theories, in the Landau gauge, coupled to a scalar Higgs field in the fundamental or adjoint representation. Non-perturbative effects are considered by taking into account the Gribov ambiguity. In general, in both Yang-Mills models the gluon propagator has non-trivial contributions of physical and non-physical modes, which clearly depends on the group representation of the Higgs field. These results were presented during the Fourth Winter …
We study the gluon propagator in quenched lattice QCD using the Laplacian gauge which is free of lattice Gribov copies. We compare our results with those obtained in the Landau gauge on the lattice, as well as with various approximate solutions of the Dyson Schwinger equations. We find a finite value $\sim (445 \rm{MeV})^{-2}$ for the renormalized zero-momentum propagator (taking our renormalization point at 1.943 GeV), and a pole mass $\sim 640 \pm 140$ MeV.
We review numerical evidence on connections between the center-vortex and Gribov-horizon confinement scenarios.
Gribov ambiguity is a problem that arises when we try to single out the physical gauge degree of freedom in non-Abelian gauge theory by imposing the covariant gauge constraint. Unfortunately, the solution of the gauge constraint is not unique, thus the redundant gauge degree of freedom, called Gribov copies, remains unfixed. One of the traditional methods to partially resolve the Gribov problem is to restrict the space of gauge orbits inside the bounded region known as the Gribov region. The meaning of partially resolve is that this procedure can solve only the positivity's problem of the Fadd…
%In order to understand how gauge fixing can be affected on the %lattice, we first study a simple model of pure Yang-mills theory on a %cylindrical spacetime [$SU(N)$ on $S^1 \times$ {\bf R}] where the %gauge fixed subspace is explicitly displayed. On the way, we find that %different gauge fixing procedures lead to different Hamiltonians and %spectra, which however coincide under a shift of states. The lattice %version of the model is compared and lattice gauge fixing issues are %discussed. (---TALK GIVEN AT LATTICE 92---AMSTERDAM, 15 SEPT. 92)
The Gribov problem in the presence of a background field is analyzed: in particular, we study the Gribov copies equation in the Landau-De Witt gauge as well as the semi-classical Gribov gap equation. As background field, we choose the simplest non-trivial one which corresponds to a constant gauge potential with non-vanishing component along the Euclidean time direction. This kind of constant non-Abelian background fields is very relevant in relation with (the computation of) the Polyakov loop but it also appears when one considers the non-Abelian Schwinger effect. We show that the Gribov copie…
We reexamine the conventional arguments concerned with the scaling and decoupling solutions for the ghost and gluon propagators in the Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory. We point out a few issues to be clarified, which seems to be overlooked in the previous investigations in this field, in the fully non-perturbative treatment. We propose a trick which enables one to incorporate the Gribov horizon directly into the self-consistent Schwinger-Dyson equation in the gauge-fixed Yang-Mills theory, using the Gribov-Zwanziger framework with the horizon term. We obtain the following results, irrespective …
In this paper we take into account the existence of Gribov copies in a four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge with an effective Lorentz symmetry breaking, induced by the Carroll-Field-Jackiw (CFJ) term. The self consistent gap equation of the Gribov parameter is properly derived and, provided observational bounds to the amplitude of the CFJ parameter in the $SU(2)$ gauge theory, a qualitative analysis of the Gribov parameter and of the poles of the propagator is developed.
The Gribov copies and their consequences on the infrared behavior of the gluon propagator are investigated in Euclidean Yang-Mills theories quantized in linear covariant gauges. Considering small values of the gauge parameter, it turns out that the transverse component of the gluon propagator is suppressed, while its longitudinal part is left unchanged. A Green function, G_{tr}, which displays infrared enhancement and which reduces to the ghost propagator in the Landau gauge is identified. The inclusion of the dimension two gluon condensate <A^2> is also considered. In this case, the transvers…
In this paper, we extend the Gribov-Zwanziger framework accounting for the existence of Gribov copies to the mass deformed Bagger--Lambert--Gustavsson (BLG) theory in $\mathcal{N} =1 $ superspace. The restriction of the domain of integration in the Euclidean functional integral to the first Gribov horizon is implemented, by adding a non-local horizon term to the effective action. Furthermore, the soft breaking of the BRST symmetry due to horizon term is restored with the help of external sources. We compute the various Ward identities for this theory relying on the Lie 3-algebras.
I will review essential features of the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge showing that Gribov's confinement scenario is realized in this gauge. For this purpose I will discuss in detail the emergence of the horizon condition and the Coulomb string tension. I will show that both are induced by center vortex gauge field configurations, which establish the connection between Gribov's confinement scenario and the center vortex picture of confinement. I will then extend the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge to finite temperatures, first by the usual grand canonical ensemble an…
The Gribov-Zwanziger framework accounting for the existence of Gribov copies is extended to N=1 Super Yang--Mills theories quantized in the Landau gauge. We show that the restriction of the domain of integration in the Euclidean functional integral to the first Gribov horizon can be implemented in a way to recover non-perturbative features of N=1 Super Yang--Mills theories, namely: the existence of the gluino condensate as well as the vanishing of the vacuum energy.
After reviewing Gribov ambiguity of non-Abelian gauge theories, a phenomenon related to the topology of the bundle of gauge connections, we show that there is a similar feature for noncommutative QED over Moyal space, despite the structure group being Abelian, and we exhibit an infinite number of solutions for the equation of Gribov copies. This is a genuine effect of noncommutative geometry which disappears when the noncommutative parameter vanishes.
In this paper we derive the high energy evolution equation in the Gribov-Zwanziger approach, for the confinement of quarks and gluons. We demonstrate that the new equation generates an exponential decrease of the scattering amplitude at large impact parameter, and resolves the main difficulties of CGC (Colour Glass Condensate) high energy effective theory. Such behaviour occurs if the gluon propagator in Gribov-Zwanziger approach, does not vanish at small momenta. Solving the non-linear equation for deep inelastic scattering, we show that the suggested equation leads to a Froissart disc with r…
Examples of Gribov copies in the presence of planar boundaries, and an emergent boundary gauge invariance in Yang-Mills theory
该研究在平行板边界条件下构造杨-米尔斯理论的Gribov副本，讨论涌现的边界规范不变性，为后续非微扰研究非阿贝尔卡西米尔效应提供基础。
In this letter we discuss the influence of a U(1) chemical potential $μ$ on the existence of Gribov copies in a U(1) theory at finite temperature $T$. We show that the chemical potential conspires against the existence of Gribov copies in the sense that it restricts the space of solutions of the consistency equation for the gauge parameter. Explicit solutions are found for T=0, as function of $μ$. In the finite temperature case we find also a class of solutions which satisfy the KMS boundary conditions in the euclidean time direction, having also a vanishing behavior when $|\mathbf r|\to\infty…
In this paper we solved the new evolution equation for high energy scattering amplitudethat stems from the Gribov-Zwanziger approach to the confinement of quarks and gluons. We found that (1) the energy dependence of the scattering amplitude turns out to be the same as for QCD BFKL evolution; (2) the spectrum of the new equation does not depend on the details of the Gribov-Zwanzinger approach and (3) all eigenfunctions coincide with the eigenfunctions of the QCD BFKL equation at large transverse momenta $κ\,\geq\,1$. The numerical calculations show that there exist no new eigenvalues with the …
Some years ago Gribov developed the so-called supercritical light quark confinement scenario. Based on physical arguments he conjectured a drastic change in the analytical properties of the quark propagator when the back-reaction of Goldstone bosons (pions) is considered. We investigate this scenario and provide numerical solutions for the quark propagator in the complex plane with and without the pion back-reaction. We find no evidence for the scenario Gribov advocated. As an aside we present a novel method to solve the quark Dyson-Schwinger equation in the complex plane and discuss new chara…
An alternative method to account for the Gribov ambiguities in gauge theories is presented. It is shown that, to eliminate Gribov ambiguities, at infinitesimal level, it is required to break the BRST symmetry in a soft manner. This can be done by introducing a suitable extra constraint that eliminates the infinitesimal Gribov copies. It is shown that the present approach is consistent with the well established known cases in the literature, i.e., the Landau and maximal Abelian gauges. The method is valid for gauges depending exclusively on the gauge field and is restricted to classical level. …
Finiteness of the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons action in linear covariant gauges by taking into account gauge copies
本文研究三维杨-米尔斯-陈-西蒙斯理论中移除无穷小Gribov拷贝后的作用量，并利用代数重整化框架证明该理论在微扰论所有阶上保持有限性，即Gribov拷贝的消除不影响标准非重整化性质。
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