19 pages, to appear in Advances in Geometry. Sections 5, 6 and 7 of old version are worked out in more detail at the beginning of "Arrangements of rational sections over curves and the varieties they define"
We show a one-to-one correspondence between arrangements of d lines in the projective plane, and lines in P^{d-2}. We apply this correspondence to classify (3,q)-nets over the complex numbers for all q<=6. When q=6, we have twelve possible combinatorial cases, but we prove that only nine of them are realizable. This new case shows several new properties for 3-nets: different dimensions for moduli, strict realization over certain fields, etc. We also construct a three dimensional family of (3,8)-nets corresponding to the Quaternion group.
A net in $\mathbb{P}^2$ is a configuration of lines $\mathcal A$ and points $X$ satisfying certain incidence properties. Nets appear in a variety of settings, ranging from quasigroups to combinatorial design to classification of Kac-Moody algebras to cohomology jump loci of hyperplane arrangements. For a matroid $M$ and rank $r$, we associate a monomial ideal (a monomial variant of the Orlik-Solomon ideal) to the set of flats of $M$ of rank $\le r$. In the context of line arrangements in $\mathbb{P}^2$, applying Alexander duality to the resulting ideal yields insight into the combinatorial str…
The complete classification of (3,3)-nets and of (3,4)-nets with only double and triple points is given. Up to lattice isomorphism, there are exactly 3 effective possibilities in each case, and some of these provide new examples of pencil-type line arrangements. For arrangements consisting of at most 14 lines and having points of multiplicity at most 5, we show that the non-triviality of the monodromy on the first cohomology H^1(F) of the associated Milnor fiber F implies the arrangement is of reduced pencil-type. In particular, the monodromy is determined by the combinatorics in such cases.
In the paper, we study special configurations of lines and points in the complex projective plane, so called k-nets. We describe the role of these configurations in studies of cohomology on arrangement complements. Our most general result is the restriction on k - it can be only 3,4, or 5. The most interesting class of nets is formed by 3-nets that relate to finite geometries, latin squares, loops, etc. All known examples of 3-nets in P^2 realize finite Abelian groups. We study the problem what groups can be so realized. Our main result is that, except for groups with all invariant factors und…
A net is a special configuration of lines and points in the projective plane. There are certain restrictions on the number of its lines and points. We proved that there cannot be any (4,4) nets in $\mathbb{C}P^2$. In order to show this, we use tropical algebraic geometry. We tropicalize the hypothetical net and show that there cannot be such a configuration in $\mathbb{C}P^2$.
We classify nets of conics in Desarguesian projective planes over finite fields of odd order, namely, two-dimensional linear systems of conics containing a repeated line. Our proof is geometric in the sense that we solve the equivalent problem of classifying the orbits of planes in $\text{PG}(5,q)$ which meet the quadric Veronesean in at least one point, under the action of $\text{PGL}(3,q) \leqslant \text{PGL}(6,q)$ (for $q$ odd). Our results complete a partial classification of nets of conics of rank one obtained by A. H. Wilson in the article "The canonical types of nets of modular conics",…
We prove Anzis and Tohaneanu conjecture, that is the Dirac-Motzkin conjecture for supersolvable line arrangements in the projective plane over an arbitrary field of characteristic zero. Moreover, we show that a divisionally free arrangements of lines contain at least one double point, that can be regarded as the Sylvester-Gallai theorem for some free arrangements. This is a corollary of a general result that if you add a line to a free projective line arrangement, then that line has to contain at least one double point. Also we prove some conjectures and one open problems related to supersolva…
The problem of classifying linear systems of conics in projective planes dates back at least to Jordan, who classified pencils (one-dimensional systems) of conics over $\mathbb{C}$ and $\mathbb{R}$ in 1906--1907. The analogous problem for finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$ with $q$ odd was solved by Dickson in 1908. In 1914, Wilson attempted to classify nets (two-dimensional systems) of conics over finite fields of odd characteristic, but his classification was incomplete and contained some inaccuracies. In a recent article, we completed Wilson's classification of nets of rank one, namely those cont…
We show that the number of lines in an $m$--homogeneous supersolvable line arrangement is upper bounded by $3m-3$ and we classify the $m$--homogeneous supersolvable line arrangements with two modular points up-to lattice-isotopy. A lower bound for the number of double points $n_2$ in an $m$--homogeneous supersolvable line arrangement of $d$ lines is also considered. When $3 \leq m \leq 5$, or when $m \geq \frac{d}{2}$, or when there are at least two modular points, we show that $n_2 \geq \frac{d}{2}$, as conjectured by B. Anzis and S. O. Toh\u aneanu. This conjecture is shown to hold also for …
We propose an approach to study logarithmic sheaves T(-log A) associated with a hyperplane arrangements A on the projective space, based on projective duality, direct image functors and vector bundles methods. We focus on freeness of line arrangements having a point with high multiplicity.
We classify moduli spaces of arrangements of 10 lines with quadruple points. We show that moduli spaces of arrangements of 10 lines with quadruple points may consist of more than 2 disconnected components, namely 3 or 4 distinct points. We also present defining equations to those arrangements whose moduli spaces are still reducible after taking quotients of complex conjugations.
We study a relation between roots of characteristic polynomials and intersection points of line arrangements. Using these results, we obtain a lot of applications for line arrangements. Namely, we give (i) a generalized addition theorem for line arrangements, (ii) a generalization of Faenzi-Vallès' theorem over a field of arbitrary characteristic, (iii) a partial result on the conjecture of Terao of line arrangements, and (iv) a new sufficient condition for freeness over finite fields. Also, a higher dimensional version of main results is considered.
The main goal of this note is to begin a systematic study on conic-line arrangements in the complex projective plane. We show a de Bruijn-Erdős-type inequality and Hirzebruch-type inequality for a certain class of conic-line arrangements having ordinary singularities. We will also study, in detail, certain conic-line arrangements in the context of the geography of log-surfaces and free divisors in the sense of Saito.
We prove the existence of Gysin morphisms for hyperplane sections that may not satisfy the usual hypotheses of the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem. As an application, we show the triviality of the Alexander polynomial of a particular class of non-symmetric line arrangements, thus providing positive evidence for a conjecture of Papadima and Suciu.
In the projective plane, we consider congruences of straight lines with the combinatorics of the square grid and with all elementary quadrilaterals possessing touching inscribed conics. The inscribed conics of two combinatorially neighbouring quadrilaterals have the same touching point on their common edge-line. We suggest that these nets are a natural projective generalisation of incircular nets. It is shown that these nets are planar Koenigs nets. Moreover, we show that general Koenigs nets are characterised by the existence of a 1-parameter family of touching inscribed conics. It is shown t…
We prove that under certain combinatorial conditions, the realization spaces of line arrangements on the complex projective plane are connected. We also give several examples of arrangements with eight, nine and ten lines which have disconnected realization spaces.
We study sets of triple points of Böröczky's arrangements of lines in the context of the containment problem proposed by Harbourne and Huneke. We show that in the class of those arrangements, the smallest counterexample to the containment $I^{(3)} \subseteq I^2$ is obtained when the number of lines is equal to 12.
We prove Terao conjecture saying that the freeness is determined by the combinatorics for arrangements of 13 lines in the complex projective plane and that the property of being nearly free is combinatorial for line arrangements of up to 12 lines in the complex projective plane.
In a recent paper arXiv:1602.02300v2, Cook II, Harbourne, Migliore and Nagel related the splitting type of a line arrangement in the projective plane to the number of conditions imposed by a general fat point of multiplicity $j$ to the linear system of curves of degree $j+1$ passing through the configuration of points dual to the given arrangement. If the number of conditions is less than the expected, we say that the configuration of points admits unexpected curves. In this paper, we characterize supersolvable line arrangements whose dual configuration admits unexpected curves and we provide …
A general vanishing result for the first cohomology group of affine smooth complex varieties with values in rank one local systems is established. This is applied to the determination of the monodromy action on the first cohomology group of the Milnor fiber of some line arrangements, including the monomial arrangement and the exceptional reflection arrangement of type $G_{31}$.
We show that a general lower bound for the global Tjurina number of a reduced complex projective plane curve, given by A. A. du Plessis and C.T.C. Wall, can be improved when the curve is a line arrangement.
The billiard systems within quadrics, playing the role of discrete analogues of geodesics on ellipsoids, are incorporated into the theory of integrable quad-graphs. An initial observation is that the Six-pointed star theorem, as the operational consistency for the billiard algebra, is equivalent to an integrabilty condition of a line congruence. A new notion of the double-reflection nets as a subclass of dual Darboux nets associated with pencils of quadrics is introduced, basic properies and several examples are presented. Corresponding Yang-Baxter maps, associated with pencils of quadrics are…
By way of Ziegler restrictions we study the relation between nearly free plane arrangements and combinatorics and we give a Yoshinaga-type criterion for plus-one generated plane arrangements.
The main purpose of the note is to show that Yoshinaga's arrangement of $18$ lines having $48$ triple and $9$ double intersection points leads to a new (short) series of non-containment examples for $I^{(3)} \subset I^{2}$, the question studied by Harbourne and Huneke.
We describe the Hilbert scheme components parametrizing lines and conics on the space of determinantal nets of conics, N. As an application, we use the quantum Lefschetz hyperplane principle to compute the instanton numbers of rational curves on a complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefold in N. We also compute the number of lines and conics on some Calabi-Yau sections of non-decomposable vector bundles on N. The paper contains a brief summary of the A-model theory leading up to Givental-Kim's quantum Lefschetz hyperplane principle.
We study curves consisting of unions of projective lines whose intersections are given by graphs. Under suitable hypotheses on the graph, these so-called \emph{graph curves} can be embedded in projective space as line arrangements. We discuss property $N_p$ for these embeddings and are able to produce products of linear forms that generate the ideal in certain cases. We also briefly discuss questions regarding the higher-dimensional subspace arrangements obtained by taking the secant varieties of graph curves.
We investigate $k$-nets with $k\geq 4$ embedded in the projective plane $PG(2,\mathbb{K})$ defined over a field $\mathbb{K}$; they are line configurations in $PG(2,\mathbb{K})$ consisting of $k$ pairwise disjoint line-sets, called components, such that any two lines from distinct families are concurrent with exactly one line from each component. The size of each component of a $k$-net is the same, the order of the $k$-net. If $\mathbb{K}$ has zero characteristic, no embedded $k$-net for $k\geq 5$ exists; see [1,2]. Here we prove that this holds true in positive characteristic $p$ as long as $p…
We study Milnor fibers of complexified real line arrangements. We give a new algorithm computing monodromy eigenspaces of the first cohomology. The algorithm is based on the description of minimal CW-complexes homotopic to the complements, and uses the real figure, that is, the adjacency relations of chambers. It enables us to generalize a vanishing result of Libgober, give new upper-bounds and characterize the $A_3$-arrangement in terms of non-triviality of Milnor monodromy.
A line arrangement of $3n$ lines in $\mathbb CP^2$ satisfies Hirzebruch property if each line intersect others in $n+1$ points. Hirzebruch asked if all such arrangements are related to finite complex reflection groups. We give a positive answer to this question in the case when the line arrangement in $\mathbb CP^2$ is real, confirming that there exist exactly four such arrangements.
The main purpose of the present paper is to study the numerical properties of supersolvable resolutions of line arrangements. We provide upper-bounds on the so-called extension to supersolvability numbers for certain extreme line arrangements in $\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}$ and we show that these numbers \textbf{are not} determined by the intersection lattice of the given arrangement.
In this paper we obtain presentations of fundamental groups of the complements of three quadric-line arrangements in P^2. The first arrangement is a smooth quadric Q with n tangent lines to Q, and the second one is a quadric Q with n lines passing through a point p not in Q. The last arrangement consists of a quadric Q with n lines passing through a point p in Q.
This paper is a natural sequel to [22] in that it tackles problems of the same nature. Here one aims at the ideal theoretic and homological properties of a class of ideals of general plane fat points whose second symbolic powers hold virtual multiplicities of proper homaloidal types. For this purpose one carries a detailed examination of their linear systems at the initial degree, a good deal of the results depending on the method of applying the classical arithmetic quadratic transformations of Hudson--Nagata. A subsidiary guide to understand these ideals through their initial linear systems …
In the present note we provide a partial classification of nearly free conic-line arrangements in the complex plane having nodes, tacnodes, and ordinary triple points. In this setting, our theoretical bound tells us that the degree of such an arrangement is bounded from above by $12$. We construct examples of nearly free conic-line arrangements having degree $3,4,5,6,7$, and we prove that in degree $10$, $11$, and $12$ there is no such arrangement.
We study supersolvable line arrangements in ${\mathbb P}^2$ over the reals and over the complex numbers, as the first step toward a combinatorial classification. Our main results show that a nontrivial (i.e., not a pencil or near pencil) complex line arrangement cannot have more than 4 modular points, and if all of the crossing points of a complex line arrangement have multiplicity 3 or 4, then the arrangement must have 0 modular points (i.e., it cannot be supersolvable). This provides at least a little evidence for our conjecture that every nontrivial complex supersolvable line arrangement ha…
The complement of a hyperplane arrangement in the complex projective space is known to be formal. We prove the global Milnor fiber associated to the homogeneous polynomial defining the arrangement may not even be 1-formal, by giving an example in dimension 2.
We consider the multiplier ideals of the ideal of a reduced union of lines through the origin in C^3. For general arrangements of lines, we calculate the multiplier ideals.
The purpose of this paper is to study the famous Pappus configuration of $9$ lines and its dual arrangement. We show among others that by applying the Pappus Theorem to the dual arrangement we obtain the configuration corresponding to the initial data of beginning configuration. We consider also the Pappus arrangements with some additional incidences and we establish algebraic conditions paralleling with these incidences.
