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arXiv quant-ph/0512192quant-ph
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量子跳跃、自发定域和连续轨线的随机哈密顿方法

A Stochastic Hamiltonian Approach for Quantum Jumps, Spontaneous Localizations, and Continuous Trajectories

V. P. Belavkin, O. Melsheimer

摘要:

我们给出了一个显式的随机哈密顿模型的不连续幺正演化的量子自发跳跃像在一个系统中的原子在量子光学,或在一个系统中的量子粒子的奇异相互作用与“泡沫”,承认一个连续的计数观察。该模型允许通过散射光子或气泡的动量的自发定位来观察光电探测器或云室中的量子轨迹。因此,连续约化和自发局域化理论是从作为量子滤波结果的哈密顿奇异相互作用得到的,即,通过输出测量数据对输入量子过程进行顺序时间连续调节。我们表明,在不可区分的粒子或原子的情况下,后验动力学是混合的,从而产生一个不可逆的玻尔兹曼型约化方程。后者仅在平均场近似下与非随机薛定谔方程一致,而中心极限产生由扩散型量子态约化方程描述的高斯混合涨落。

英文摘要:

We give an explicit stochastic Hamiltonian model of discontinuous unitary evolution for quantum spontaneous jumps like in a system of atoms in quantum optics, or in a system of quantum particles that interacts singularly with "bubbles" which admit a continual counting observation. This model allows to watch a quantum trajectory in a photodetector or in a cloud chamber by spontaneous localisations of the momentums of the scattered photons or bubbles. Thus, the continuous reduction and spontaneous localization theory is obtained from a Hamiltonian singular interaction as a result of quantum filtering, i.e., a sequential time continuous conditioning of an input quantum process by the output measurement data. We show that in the case of indistinguishable particles or atoms the a posteriori dynamics is mixing, giving rise to an irreversible Boltzmann-type reduction equation. The latter coincides with the nonstochastic Schroedinger equation only in the mean field approximation, whereas the central limit yelds Gaussian mixing fluctuations described by a quantum state reduction equation of diffusive type.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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