部分不可达量子跳跃轨迹中的粗粒度隐熵产生
Coarse-grained hidden entropy production in partially inaccessible quantum jump trajectories
摘要：
我们考虑一个开放量子系统，其中只有一个子集的所有可能的过渡是可访问的，而其余的是隐藏的直接观察。使用修改后的量子跳跃轨迹的概念，我们引入了粗粒度的隐藏熵，它量化的熵产生的隐藏子系统的条件下，我们的观察的可见部分。可见的和粗粒度的隐藏熵的总和组成的熵产生满足积分涨落定理。根据相互作用的子系统之间连续发生的测量和反馈过程的性质，可见熵可以取负值，在这种情况下，隐藏系统充当麦克斯韦恶魔。我们的结果使我们能够研究自治系统中的量子力学效应，例如我们作为一个说明性的例子介绍的自治量子麦克斯韦恶魔。
英文摘要：
We consider an open quantum system for which only a subset of all possible transitions are accessible, while the remaining ones are hidden from direct observation. Using a modification of the notion of quantum jump trajectories we introduce the coarse-grained hidden entropy, which quantifies the entropy production in the hidden subsystem conditioned on our observations of the visible part. The entropy production consisting of the sum of visible and coarse-grained hidden entropy is shown to satisfy an integral fluctuations theorem. Depending on the nature of the continuously occurring measurement and feedback processes between the interacting subsystems, the visible entropy can take negative values in which case the hidden systems acts as a Maxwell's demon. Our results allow us to study quantum-mechanical effects in autonomous systems, such as the autonomous quantum Maxwell's demon we introduce as an illustrative example.
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