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arXiv quant-ph/0510054quant-phcond-mat.mtrl-scihep-th
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热量子场论与双金属间Casimir相互作用

Thermal quantum field theory and the Casimir interaction between dielectrics

B. Geyer, G. L. Klimchitskaya, V. M. Mostepanenko

摘要:

基于热量子场论的松原公式,重新考虑了两块不同厚度介质板之间的Casimir和van der Waals相互作用。我们简要地回顾了在热量子场论的框架下,不使用涨落耗散定理的Lifshitz公式的两个主要推导。一组特殊的条件下,这些推导仍然有效的耗散的存在下,制定。低温行为的Casimir和范德华力之间的相互作用不同的介电常数被发现分析从Lifshitz理论的理想化模型的稀介电常数和真正的介电常数与有限的静态介电常数。在低温下卡西米尔和范德华相互作用的自由能、压力和熵证明了与以前发现的理想金属相同的对温度的普遍依赖性。熵在温度为零时消失,证明了能斯特热定理的正确性。这解决了长期存在的问题的一致性的利弗希茨理论与热力学的情况下,电介质板。得到的渐近表达式进行比较,数值计算的不同和类似的真正的时间和发现是非常好的协议。在介质板的情况下,零频率项的松原和的作用进行了研究。它表明,包括电导率的介电响应模型导致违反能斯特热定理。讨论了这一结果在非接触原子摩擦和实际金属间Casimir相互作用等热点问题中的应用。

英文摘要:

The Casimir and van der Waals interaction between two dissimilar thick dielectric plates is reconsidered on the basis of thermal quantum field theory in Matsubara formulation. We briefly review two main derivations of the Lifshitz formula in the framework of thermal quantum field theory without use of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. A set of special conditions is formulated under which these derivations remain valid in the presence of dissipation. The low-temperature behavior of the Casimir and van der Waals interactions between dissimilar dielectrics is found analytically from the Lifshitz theory for both an idealized model of dilute dielectrics and for real dielectrics with finite static dielectric permittivities. The free energy, pressure and entropy of the Casimir and van der Waals interactions at low temperatures demonstrate the same universal dependence on the temperature as was previously discovered for ideal metals. The entropy vanishes when temperature goes to zero proving the validity of the Nernst heat theorem. This solves the long-standing problem on the consistency of the Lifshitz theory with thermodynamics in the case of dielectric plates. The obtained asymptotic expressions are compared with numerical computations for both dissimilar and similar real dielectrics and found to be in excellent agreement. The role of the zero-frequency term in Matsubara sum is investigated in the case of dielectric plates. It is shown that the inclusion of conductivity in the model of dielectric response leads to the violation of the Nernst heat theorem. The applications of this result to the topical problems of noncontact atomic friction and the Casimir interaction between real metals are discussed.

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