In this thesis, we have proposed some novel thought experiments involving foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory, using quantum entanglement property. Concerning foundations of quantum mechanics, we have suggested some typical systems including two correlated particles which can distinguish between the two famous theories of quantum mechanics, i.e. the standard and Bohmian quantum mechanics, at the individual level of pair of particles. Meantime, the two theories present the same predictions at the ensemble level of particles. Regarding quantum information theory, two theoretical quantum communication schemes including quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation schemes have been proposed by using entangled spatial states of two EPR particles shared between two parties. It is shown that the rate of classical information gain in our dense coding scheme is greater than some previously proposed multi-qubit protocols by a logarithmic factor dependent on the dimension of Hilbert space. The proposed teleportation scheme can provide a complete wave function teleportation of an object having other degrees of freedom in our three-dimensional space, for the first time. All required unitary operators which are necessary in our state preparation and Bell state measurement processes are designed using symmetric normalized Hadamard matrix, some basic gates and one typical conditional gate, which are introduced here for the first time.
Here are a few random thoughts on the interpretations of the quantum double slit experiment, the Mach Zehnder experiment, the delayed-choice experiment and the measurement problem.
Notes on a Paulian Idea: Foundational, Historical, Anecdotal and Forward-Looking Thoughts on the Quantum
本文档是Cerro Grande Fire系列中三个文档的第一部分。这是一个写给不同同事的信件的集合，他们中的大多数人经常循环这个档案，包括霍华德巴纳姆，保罗贝尼奥夫，查尔斯贝内特，赫伯特伯恩斯坦，道格比洛多，吉尔斯巴拉德，杰弗里布布，卡尔顿洞穴，格雷戈里科默，罗伯特格里菲斯，阿德里安肯特，罗尔夫兰道尔，马渊秀夫，大卫梅尔明，大卫迈耶，迈克尔尼尔森，阿什尔佩雷斯，约翰普雷斯利，玛丽贝思鲁斯凯，鲁迪格沙克，艾布纳·希莫尼，威廉·伍特斯，安东·蔡林格，还有许多其他人。把所有字母缝合在一起的那根线就是量子。其中一些作品是我迄今为止最大的努力，为我从量子信息领域看到的一个稍纵即逝的想法提供了实质性的内容--我称之为保罗思想。在某种程度上，我已经向我的记者传达了它朦胧的阴影，看到了热情的闪烁，在这个周年纪念之际，扩大陪审团似乎是值得的。
The foundations of non-linear quantum mechanics are based on six postulates and five propositions. On a first quantised level, these approaches are built on non-linear differential operators, non-linear eigenvalue equations, and the notion of non-linear observables and non-linear states. The present theory predicts that the non-linear function solution of a non-linear partial differential equation for a free particle is correct and that the commutator of the position operator and the non-linear momentum operator does not commute. Moreover, the implicit wave function of linear quantum mechanics…
This paper presents the thermal interpretation of quantum physics. The insight from Part I of this series that Born's rule has its limitations -- hence cannot be the foundation of quantum physics -- opens the way for an alternative interpretation -- the thermal interpretation of quantum physics. It gives new foundations that connect quantum physics (including quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, quantum field theory and their applications) to experiment. The thermal interpretation resolves the problems of the foundations of quantum physics revealed in the critique from Part I of this seri…
We present a discussion of the extended Wigner's friend thought experiment proposed by Frauchiger and Renner in [1]. We show by using various arguments, including textbook quantum mechanics and the ontological approach of Contexts, Systems, Modalities (CSM), that no contradiction arises if one admits that agents must agree on what is considered as a system and what is not. In such a contextually objective approach of quantum mechanics, the apparent contradiction is automatically removed. We also discuss why this mutual agreement between agents is already implicit in the standard formulations o…
Non-Markovian Dynamics Impact on the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics
通过对环境诱导量子退相干过程的研究，探讨了统计力学的基础，即平衡态假设是如何从微观上从量子理论中产生的。基于非马尔可夫动力学的最新研究结果[Phys. Rev. Lett. 109，170402（2012）]，我们发现量子态的退相干表现出意想不到的复杂性。实际上，一个任意给定的初始量子态，在不同库的影响下，可以演化成四种不同的稳态：热态、类热态、量子记忆态和振荡量子记忆态。前两个稳态\textit{de facto}提供了一个严格的证明系统如何放松到热平衡与它的环境。后两种稳态具有很强的非马尔可夫效应，将保持初始状态信息，不会达到热平衡，这超出了统计力学的传统智慧。
I present a reconstruction of general Hamiltonian action mechanics that eliminates all foundational problems of quantum mechanics. The key advance is the completion of Hamiltonian mechanics to the universal mechanics of particles based on action-waves, consistent with the inclusive validity of the principle of stationary action. It is found that irreducible indeterminism is intrinsic and universal at all scales of dynamics. The new action-wave equation is the complete description of single dynamical histories, dissolving the classical-quantum divide. The statistical theory of quantum mechanics…
Quantum mechanics is one of our most successful physical theories; its predictions agree with experimental observations to an extremely high accuracy. However, the bare formalism of quantum theory does not provide straightforward answers to seemingly simple questions: for example, how should one model systems that include agents who are themselves using quantum theory? These foundational questions may be investigated with a theorist's tool -- the thought experiment. Its purpose is to turn debates about the interpretation of quantum theory into actual physics questions. In this article, we give…
Review of recent experimental progresses in Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information obtained in Parametric Down Conversion Experiments at IENGF
In-principle restrictions on the amount of information that can be gathered about a system have been proposed as a foundational principle in several recent reconstructions of the formalism of quantum mechanics. However, it seems unclear precisely why one should be thus restricted. We investigate the notion of paradoxical self-reference as a possible origin of such epistemic horizons by means of a fixed-point theorem in Cartesian closed categories due to F. W. Lawvere that illuminates and unifies the different perspectives on self-reference.
Karl Popper and Paul Feyerabend have been among the most influential philosophers of science of the twentieth century. Extensive studies have been dedicated to the development of their controversial relationship, which saw Feyerabend turning from a student and supporter of Popper to one of his harshest critics. Yet, it is not as well known that the rift between Popper and Feyerabend generated mainly in the context of their studies on the foundation of quantum mechanics, which has been the main subject of their discussions for about two decades. This paper reconstructs in detail their diatribe …
