N. Barat, J. C. Kimball
Theorems (most notably by Hegerfeldt) prove that an initially localized particle whose time evolution is determined by a positive Hamiltonian will violate causality. We argue that this apparent paradox is resolved for a free particle described by either the Dirac equation or the Klein-Gordon equation because such a particle cannot be localized in the sense required by the theorems.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
The notion of Einstein causality, i.e. the limiting role of the velocity of light in the transmission of signals, is discussed. It is pointed out that Nimtz and coworkers use the notion of signal velocity in a different sense from Einstein and that their experimental results are in full agreement with Einstein causality in its ordinary sense. We also show that under quite general assumptions instantaneous spreading of particle localization occurs in quantum theory, relativistic or not, with fields or without. We discuss if this affects Einstein causality.
The evolution of the expectation values of one and two points scalar field operators and of positive localization operators, generated by an istantaneous point source is non local. Non locality is attributed either to zero point vacuum fluctuations, or to non local operations or to the microcausality principle being no satisfied.
Positivity of the Hamiltonian alone is used to show that particles, if initially localized in a finite region, immediately develop infinite tails.
The conflict between relativistic causality and localizability is analyzed in the light of the existence of unsharp localization observables. A theorem due to S. Schlieder is generalized, showing that the assumption of local commutativity implies the localization observable in question to be unsharp in a strong sense. Furthermore, a recent generalization of a theorem of Lüders is applied to demonstrate that local commutativity is a necessary consequence of Einstein causality even in the case of unsharp observables if they admit local measurements. These findings raise the question whether loca…
The causality issues concerning Hegerfeldt's paradox and the localization of relativistic quantum systems are addressed through a proper-time formalism of single-particle operators. The proposed description does not depend on classical parameters connected to an external observer and results in a single-particle formalism in which localization is described by explicitly covariant four-vector operators associated with POVM measurements parametrized by the system's proper-time. As a consequence, it is shown that physically acceptable states are necessarily associated with the existence of a temp…
The causality issues concerning the localization of relativistic quantum systems, as evidenced by Hegerfeld's paradox, are addressed through a proper-time formalism of single-particle operators. Starting from the premise that physical variables associated to the proper-time gauge have a prominent role in the specification of position, since they do not depend on classical parameters connected to an external observer, we obtain a single-particle formalism in which localization is described by explicitly covariant four-vector operators associated with POVM measurements parametrized by the system…
Bell's Theorem requires any theory which obeys the technical definitions of Free Choice and Local Causality to satisfy the Bell inequality. Invariant set theory is a finite theory of quantum physics which violates the Bell inequality exactly as does quantum theory: in it neither Free Choice nor Local Causality hold, consistent with Bell's Theorem. However, within the proposed theory, the mathematical expressions of both Free Choice and Local Causality involve states which, for number-theoretic reasons, cannot be ontic (cannot lie on the theory's fractal-like invariant set $I_U$ in state space)…
Assorted questions: Time as a parameter in Quantum Mechanics. No-Go theorems for a time operator. Localization, time and causality. Causality violation. Localization again. Lesson 1: Evading the troubles: Im E finite. Lights and shadows of a time operator:"Table-top Spacetime" quantum mechanics. Biphotons at Berkeley. Time operator build-up. Good news - bad news. Lesson 2: We need the resonances to tell one.
Time delocalization and causality across temporal quantum reference frames
本文研究了在不同时间参考框架下，时间去局域化与因果性之间的关系，提出了一种在关系动力学中建模干预的方法，以描述不定因果顺序的量子现象。
Achronal Localization, Representations of the Causal Logic for massive systems
本文将相对论性量子粒子的定域扩展至Minkowski时空的非时序区域，证明其自动满足因果性并等价于因果逻辑区域定域，为具有正Lebesgue测度质量谱和确定自旋的系统构造了因果逻辑表示。
We consider the use of the energy density for describing a localization of relativistic particles. This method is consistent with the causality requirements. The related positive operator valued measure is presented. The probability distributions for one particle states are given explicitly.
A powerful strategy to accelerate quantum-walk-based search algorithms leverages on resetting protocols, where a detector monitors a target site and the evolution of the walker is restarted if no detection occurs within a fixed time interval. The optimal resetting rate can be extracted from the time evolution of the probability $S(t)$ that the detector has not clicked up to time $t$. We analyze $S(t)$ for a quantum walk on a one-dimensional lattice when the coupling between sites decays algebraically as $d^{-α}$ with the distance $d$, for $α\in(0,\infty)$. At long times, $S(t)$ decays with a u…
In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics the wave-function of a free particle which initially is in a finite volume immediately spreads to infinity. In a nonrelativistic theory this is of no concern, but we show that the same instantaneous spreading can occur in relativistic quantum theory and that transition probabilities in widely separated systems may instantaneously become nonzero. We discuss how this affects Einstein causality.
We present a new axially symmetric monochromatic free-space solution to the Klein-Gordon equation propagating with a superluminal group velocity and show that it gives rise to an imaginary part of the causal propagator outside the light cone. We address the question about causality of the spacelike paths and argue that the signal with a well-defined wavefront formed by the superluminal modes would propagate in vacuum with the light speed.
We investigate the nonlocal dynamics of a single particle placed in an infinite well with moving walls. It is shown that in this situation, the Schrödinger equation (SE) violates local causality by causing instantaneous changes in the probability current everywhere inside the well. This violation is formalized by designing a gedanken faster-than-light communication device which uses an ensemble of long narrow cavities and weak measurements to resolve the weak value of the momentum far away from the movable wall. Our system is free from the usual features causing nonphysical violations of local…
Paradox-free classical non-causality and unambiguous non-locality without entanglement are equivalent
本文证明了经典非因果性与无纠缠量子非局域性在过程函数和积基中等价，揭示了因果与非因果关系的深层联系。
A theorem of Hegerfeldt (Instantaneous spreading and Einstein causality in quantum theory, Ann. Phys. Leipzig vol. 7, 716-725 (1998)) establishes, for a class of quantum systems, a dichotomy between those which are permanently localized in a bounded region of space, and those exhibiting instantaneous spreading. We analyse in some detail the physical inconsistencies which follow from both of these options, and formulate which, in our view, are the basic open problems.
Free evolution for quantum particle in general ultrametric space is considered. We find that if mean zero wave packet is localized in some ball in the ultrametric space then its evolution remains localized in the same ball.
Acausal behavior of solutions to free Salpeter equation is considered . It is shown that the formal properties of solutions suggest the acausal propagation of quantum phenomena. On the other hand the same properties of solutions describing macroscopic phenomena can be explained without appealing to the notion of acausality.
Slow growth of quantum magic in disorder-free Stark many-body localization
研究通过稳定器瑞尼熵量化无杂质量子多体局域化中的量子魔性，发现其在强倾斜区域缓慢增长并最终饱和，揭示了从厄尔戈迪克动力学向受限局域化的过渡。
The properties of the s-wave for a quasi-free particle with position-dependent mass(PDM) have been discussed in details. Differed from the system with constant mass in which the localization of the s-wave for the free quantum particle around the origin only occurs in two dimensions, the quasi-free particle with PDM can experience attractive forces in $D$ dimensions except D=1 when its mass function satisfies some conditions. The effective mass of a particle varying with its position can induce effective interaction which may be attractive in some cases. The analytical expressions of the eigenf…
Constructing observables that describe the localization of relativistic particles is an important foundational problem in relativistic quantum field theory (QFT). The description of localization in terms of single-time observables leads to conflict with the requirement of causality. In this paper, we describe particle localization in terms of time-of-arrival observables, defined in terms of the interaction between a quantum field and a measuring apparatus. The resulting probabilities are linear functionals of QFT correlation functions. Specializing to the case of a scalar field, we identify se…
In this short note, I derive the Bell-CHSH inequalities as an elementary result in the present-day theory of statistical causality based on graphical models or Bayes' nets, defined in terms of DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) representing direct statistical causal influences between a number of observed and unobserved random variables. I show how spatio-temporal constraints in loophole-free Bell experiments, and natural classical statistical causality considerations, lead to Bell's notion of local hidden variables, and thence to the CHSH inequalities. The word "local" applies to the way that the…
It is explicitly shown that a one-family parameter model reproducing the nonlinear Newton-Schrödinger equation as the parameter goes to infinity is free from any causality violation problem for any finite value of it. This circumstance arises from the intrinsic mechanism of spontaneous state reduction of the model, absent in the Newton-Schrödinger limit. A specific ideal EPR experiment involving a superposition of two distinct CM's position states of a massive lump is analyzed, showing recovered compatibility with QM. Besides, the new framework suggests a soft version of the Many Worlds Interp…
Fundamental limits for realising quantum processes in spacetime
本研究针对量子与相对论因果性的衔接问题，推导出经典背景时空中量子过程实现的两条不可行定理，调和了两类因果性概念，也为相对论体系下的量子实验提供了启示。
From scale-free to Anderson localization: a size-dependent transition
研究非厄米系统中标度无关局域态在无序作用下转变为安德森局域态，发现该转变依赖于系统尺寸，与Hatano-Nelson模型不同。
Bell's [Physics 1 (1964) 195-200] theorem is popularly supposed to establish the nonlocality of quantum physics. Violation of Bell's inequality in experiments such as that of Aspect, Dalibard and Roger [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 1804-1807] provides empirical proof of nonlocality in the real world. This paper reviews recent work on Bell's theorem, linking it to issues in causality as understood by statisticians. The paper starts with a proof of a strong, finite sample, version of Bell's inequality and thereby also of Bell's theorem, which states that quantum theory is incompatible with the con…
Edge burst effect and scale-free localization
本文研究有损晶格中的非厄米边缘突发效应，通过弱耦合两个具有双极NHSE的晶格实现双极无标度局域化，并证实无趋肤效应时仍可发生边缘突发。
This work develops a full framework for non-Hermitian impurity physics in a non-reciprocal lattice, with PBCs, OBCs and even their interpolations being special cases across a whole range of boundary impurity strengths. As the impurity strength is tuned, the localization of steady states can assume very rich behavior, including the expected non-Hermitian skin effect, Bloch-like states albeit broken translational invariance, and surprisingly, scale-free accumulation along or even against the direction of non-reciprocity. We further uncover the possibility of the co-existence of non-Hermitian ski…
Concurrent Skin-scale-free Localization and Criticality under Möbius Boundary Conditions in a Non-Hermitian Ladder
研究在非厄密链中同时实现皮肤效应和临界性，揭示了莫比乌斯边界条件下本征态的两种不同局域化行为及其相互转换机制。
On the Relativistic Spatial Localization for massive real scalar Klein-Gordon quantum particles
本文严格分析了Terno提出的Klein-Gordon粒子空间局域化POVM，证明其为Newton-Wigner PVM的运动学变形，保留其优良性质并避免Hegerfeldt定理的非物理特征，同时验证了其满足Castrigiano因果性要求。
Quantum particle localization observables on Cauchy surfaces of Minkowski spacetime and their causal properties
本文提出并研究闵可夫斯基时空类空柯西面上量子系统的一般空间局域化概念，证明其POVM族自动满足推广的因果条件且不与Hegerfeldt定理冲突，并证明该族存在于有质量Klein-Gordon粒子中，同时探讨了与Newton-Wigner算子和修正海森伯不等式的关系。
Emerging dynamical constraints resulting from inter-site interactions severely limit particle mobility in polar lattice gases. Whereas in absence of disorder hard-core Hubbard models with only strong nearest-neighbor interactions present Hilbert space fragmentation but no many-body localization for typical states, the $1/r^3$ tail of the dipolar interaction results in Hilbert space shattering, as well as in a dramatically slowed down dynamics and eventual disorder-free localization. Our results show that the study of the intriguing interplay between disorder- and interaction-induced many-body …
Disorder-free localization is a paradigm of nonergodicity in translation-invariant quantum many-body systems hosting gauge symmetries. The quench dynamics starting from simple initial states, which correspond to extensive superpositions of gauge superselection sectors, exhibits many-body localization with the system dynamically inducing its own disorder. An open question concerns the stability of disorder-free localization in the presence of gauge-breaking errors, and whether processes due to the latter can be controllably suppressed. Here, we show that translation-invariant \textit{single-bod…
The phenomenon of Many-Body Stark Localization of bosons in tilted optical lattice is studied. Despite the fact that no disorder is necessary for Stark localization to occur, it is very similar to well known many body localization (MBL) in sufficiently strong disorder. Not only the mean gap ratio reaches poissonian value as characteristic for localized situations but also the eigenstates reveal multifractal character as in standard MBL. Stark localization enables a coexistence of spacially separated thermal and localized phases in the harmonic trap similarly to fermions. Stark localization may…
Disorder-free localization is a paradigm of strong ergodicity breaking that has been shown to occur in global quenches of lattice gauge theories when the system is initialized in a superposition over an extensive number of gauge sectors. Here, we show that preparing the system in a thermal Gibbs ensemble without any coherences between different gauge sectors also gives rise to disorder-free localization, with temperature acting as a disorder strength. We demonstrate our findings by calculating the quench dynamics of the imbalance of thermal ensembles in both $\mathrm{U}(1)$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2$ …
We investigate numerically the tunneling effect under influence of another particle in a double well system. Such influence from only one degree of freedom makes decoherence and quantum-classical transition, i.e., suppression of the tunneling effect. The decoherence happens even for cases that the influence is from a particle of very small mass, and it has virtually no effect in the corresponding classical dynamics. There are cases similar to dynamical localization that the suppressed tunneling rate is several times smaller than the classical counterpart. This result is relevant for understand…
Spectral Criterion for Disorder-Free Localization of Quantum Walks on Hypercube: QBN Approach
本文在量子伯努利噪声框架下研究超立方体上自旋耦合量子行走，提出无无序局域化的谱判据，并在特定Grover行走中构造非均匀不动点，证明该现象发生。
Scale-free localization and PT symmetry breaking from local non-Hermiticity
本文证明厄米晶格中的局部非厄米扰动会普遍诱导无标度局域化，并揭示了其与PT对称性破缺的关联及精确破缺能量窗口的能带条件。
Disorder-free localization in translation-invariant gauge theories presents a counterintuitive yet powerful framework of ergodicity breaking in quantum many-body physics. The fragility of this phenomenon in the presence of gauge-breaking errors has recently been addressed, but no scheme has been able to reliably stabilize disorder-free localization through all accessible evolution times while preserving the disorder-free property. Here, we introduce the concept of \textit{Stark gauge protection}, which entails a linear sum in gauge-symmetry local (pseudo)generators weighted by a Stark potentia…
A spidernet is a graph obtained by adding large cycles to an almost regular tree and considered as an example having intermediate properties of lattices and trees in the study of discrete-time quantum walks on graphs. We introduce the Grover walk on a spidernet and its one-dimensional reduction. We derive an integral representation of the $n$-step transition amplitude in terms of the free Meixner law which appears as the spectral distribution. As an application we determine the class of spidernets which exhibit localization. Our method is based on quantum probabilistic spectral analysis of gra…
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。