Timur F. Kamalov
Could the theories with hidden variables be employed for creation of a quantum computer? A particular scheme of quasiclassical model quantum computer structure is describe.
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When dealing with macroscopic objects one usually observes quasiclassical phenomena, which can be described in terms of quasiclassical (or classical) equations of motion. Recent development of the theory of quantum computation is based on implementation of the entangled states which do not have a classical analogy. Using a simple example of a paramagnetic spin system we show that the entangled states can be detected in standard macroscopic experiments as a sharp deviation from quasiclassical motion.
The dynamics of a quantum system following a sudden, highly non-adiabatic change of its control parameter (quantum quench) is studied with quasiclassical techniques. Recent works have shown, using exact quantum mechanical approach, that equilibration after quantum quench exhibits specific features in the presence of excited-state quantum phase transitions. In this paper, we demonstrate that these features can be understood from the classical evolution of the Wigner function in phase space.
I consider a thought experiment measuring the decoherence for quasiclassical superpositions of gravitational field. A version of the hole argument allows to prove that a covariant (background-free) theory is completely unable to define the outcome of this experiment and is therefore not viable. Instead, the results of experiments of this type allow to reconstruct a common background shared by all superposed gravitational fields.
A closed (in terms of classical data) expression for a transition amplitude between two generalized coherent states associated with a semisimple Lee algebra underlying the system is derived for large values of the representation highest weight, which corresponds to the quasiclssical approximation. Consideration is based upon a path-integral formalism adjusted to quantization of symplectic coherent-state manifolds that appear as one-rank coadjoint orbits.
Hamiltonians of a wide-spread class of strongly coupled quantum system models are expressed as nonlinear functions of $sl(2)$ generators. It enables us to use the $sl(2)$ formalism, in particular, $sl(2)$ generalized coherent states (GCS) for solving both spectral and evolution tasks. In such a manner, using standard variational schemes with $sl(2)$ GCS as trial functions we find new analytical expressions for energy spectra and non-linear evolution equations for cluster dynamics variables in mean-field approximations which are beyond quasi-harmonic ones obtained earlier. General results are i…
This is the third part of our series "Quasiclassical and Quantum Systems of Angular Momentum". In two previous parts we have discussed the methods of group algebras in formulation of quantum mechanics and certain quasiclassical problems. Below we specify to the special case of the group ${\rm SU}(2)$ and its quotient ${\rm SO}(3,\mathbb{R})$, and discuss just our main subject in this series, i.e., angular momentum problems. To be more precise, this is the purely ${\rm SU}(2)$-treatment, so formally this might also apply to isospin. However. it is rather hard to imagine realistic quasiclassical…
Entanglement of quasiclassical (coherent) states of two harmonic oscillators leads to striking quantum effects and is useful for quantum technologies. These effects and applications are closely related to nonlocal correlations inherent in these states, manifested by the violation of Bell inequalities. With previous frameworks, this violation is limited by the size of the system, which does not approach the maximum even when the amount of entanglement approaches its maximum. Here we propose a new version of Bell correlation operators, with which a nearly maximal violation can be obtained as lon…
We consider Gell-Mann and Hartle's consistent histories formulation of quantum cosmology in the interpretation in which one history, chosen randomly according to the decoherence functional probabilities, is realised from each consistent set. We show that in this interpretation, if one assumes that an observed quasiclassical structure will continue to be quasiclassical, one cannot infer that it will obey the predictions of classical or Copenhagen quantum mechanics.
The three-dimensional Schredinger's equation is analyzed with the help of the correspondence principle between classical and quantum-mechanical quantities. Separation is performed after reduction of the original equation to the form of the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Each one-dimensional equation obtained after separation is solved by the conventional WKB method. Quasiclassical solution of the angular equation results in the integral of motion $\vec M^2=(l+\frac 12)^2\hbar^2$ and the existence of nontrivial solution for the angular quantum number $l=0$. Generalization of the WKB method…
Quantum-quasiclassical analysis of center-of-mass nonseparability in hydrogen atom stimulated by strong laser fields
提出量子-准经典计算方案处理强激光场中6D氢原子的不可分动力学，通过同时积分电子薛定谔方程与质心经典哈密顿方程，发现质心动能分布与电子动能光谱密度强相关，证明可借此检测电子量子动力学。
The most striking observable feature of our indeterministic quantum universe is the wide range of time, place, and scale on which the deterministic laws of classical physics hold to an excellent approximation. This essay describes how this domain of classical predictability of every day experience emerges from a quantum theory of the universe's state and dynamics.
Within the Bohr's correspondence principle, the quantum theory should reproduce the classical world when $\hbar\to 0$. In practice, the discrete energies come close to each other before passing to continuum, causing that highly excited states become inaccessible. However it is possible to identify signatures that the spectrum is approaching the continuum limit. In this work, for $\hbar \to 0$, we focus our attention on the spectrum of the 1D quartic double well and find signatures of the classical instability in the quantum spectrum near the critical energy, and explore how the tunneling pheno…
The quantum-classical correspondence for dynamics of the nonlinear classically chaotic systems is analysed. The problem of quantum chaos consists of two parts: the quasiclassical quantisation of the chaotic systems and attempts to understand the classical chaos in terms of quantum mechanics. The first question has been partially solved by the Gutzwiller semiclassical trace formula for the eigenvalues of chaotic systems, while the classical chaos may be derived from quantum equations only introducing the decoherence process due to interaction with system's environment or intermediate frequent m…
In Part I of this series we presented the general ideas of applying group-algebraic methods for describing quantum systems. The treatment was there very "ascetic" in that only the structure of a locally compact topological group was used. Below we explicitly make use of the Lie group structure. Basing on differential geometry enables one to introduce explicitly representation of important physical quantities and formulate the general ideas of quasiclassical representation and classical analogy.
We sketch a quantum mechanical framework for the universe as a whole. Within that framework we propose a program for describing the ultimate origin in quantum cosmology of the quasiclassical domain of familiar experience and for characterizing the process of measurement. Predictions in quantum mechanics are made from probabilities for sets of alternative histories. Probabilities can be assigned only to sets of histories that approximately decohere. Decoherence is defined and the mechanism of decoherence is reviewed. Decoherence requires a sufficiently coarse-grained description of alternative …
The formalism of the generalized quantum master equation (GQME) is an effective tool to simultaneously increase the accuracy and the efficiency of quasiclassical trajectory methods in the simulation of nonadiabatic quantum dynamics. The GQME expresses correlation functions in terms of a non-Markovian equation of motion, involving memory kernels which are typically fast-decaying and can therefore be computed by short-time quasiclassical trajectories. In this paper we study the approximate solution of the GQME, obtained by calculating the kernels with two methods, namely Ehrenfest mean-field the…
We report on a significant discrepancy between recently published highly accurate variational calculations and precise measurements of the spectrum of Rydberg states in $^{87}$Rb on the energy scale of fine splitting. Introducing a modified effective single-electron potential we determine the spectrum of the outermost bound electron from a standard WKB approach. Overall very good agreement with precise spectroscopic data is obtained.
Processes that break molecular bonds are typically observed with molecules occupying a mixture of quantum states and successfully described with quasiclassical models, while a few studies have explored the distinctly quantum mechanical low-energy regime. Here we use photodissociation of diatomic strontium molecules to demonstrate the crossover from the ultracold, quantum regime where the photofragment angular distributions strongly depend on the kinetic energy, to the energy-independent quasiclassical regime. Using time-of-flight velocity map imaging for photodissociation channels with millike…
At ultralow energies, atoms and molecules undergo collisions and reactions that are best described in terms of quantum mechanical wave functions. In contrast, at higher energies these processes can be understood quasiclassically. Here, we investigate the crossover from the quantum mechanical to the quasiclassical regime both experimentally and theoretically for photodissociation of ultracold diatomic strontium molecules. This basic reaction is carried out with a full control of quantum states for the molecules and their photofragments. The photofragment angular distributions are imaged, and ca…
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method to generate arbitrary Fock-state superpositions in a superconducting quantum circuit, where a qubit is dispersively coupled to a microwave cavity mode without the need of fine-frequency tuning. Here the qubit is used to conditionally modulate the probability amplitudes of the Fock state components of a coherent state to those of the desired superposition state, instead of pumping photons one by one into the cavity as in previous schemes. Our method does not require the adjustment of the qubit frequency during the cavity state preparation, …
Experimentally, certain degrees of freedom may appear classical because their quantum fluctuations are smaller than the experimental error associated with measuring them. An approximation to a fully quantum theory is described in which the self-interference of such ``quasiclassical'' variables is neglected so that they behave classically when not coupled to other quantum variables. Coupling to quantum variables can lead to evolution in which quasiclassical variables do not have definite values, but values which are correlated to the state of the quantum variables. A mathematical description im…
We use the mathematical structure of group algebras and $H^{+}$-algebras for describing certain problems concerning the quantum dynamics of systems of angular momenta, including also the spin systems. The underlying groups are ${\rm SU}(2)$ and its quotient ${\rm SO}(3,\mathbb{R})$. The scheme developed is applied in two different contexts. Firstly, the purely group-algebraic framework is applied to the system of angular momenta of arbitrary origin, e.g., orbital angular momenta of electrons and nucleons, systems of quantized angular momenta of rotating extended objects like molecules. The oth…
Many features of Bloch oscillations in one-dimensional quantum lattices with a static force can be described by quasiclassical considerations for example by means of the acceleration theorem, at least for Hermitian systems. Here the quasiclassical approach is extended to non-Hermitian lattices, which are of increasing interest. The analysis is based on a generalised non-Hermitian phase space dynamics developed recently. Applications to a single-band tight-binding system demonstrate that many features of the quantum dynamics can be understood from this classical description qualitatively and ev…
Quantum coherent dynamics of quasiclassical spacetimes
提出一种基于相干态基的哈密顿形式，描述准经典几何的量子引力动力学，揭示几何间的隧穿机制，并应用于黑洞蒸发问题以提示幺正性如何通过量子修正得以保持。
We give a criterion of classicality for mixed states in terms of expectation values of a quantum observable. Using group representation theory we identify all cases when the criterion can be computed exactly in terms of the spectrum of a single operator.
Detailed balance in mixed quantum-classical mapping approaches
本文通过经典遍历理论分析准经典映射方法中负布居数导致细致平衡破坏的问题，证明表面跳跃映射方法（MASH）能避免反转势能并保证精确热化行为，是模拟非绝热动力学的优选方法。
Quasiclassical theory of out-of-time-ordered correlators
该研究提出非时序关联子的准经典形式体系，通过对角近似从半经典传播子推导得到，短时间与Wigner-Moyal结果一致，长时间饱和值却低估量子实际阈值，表明非对角量子贡献主导短时间外的OTOC描述。
We present a strategy for mapping the dynamics of a fermionic quantum system to a set of classical dynamical variables. The approach is based on imposing the correspondence relation between the commutator and the Poisson bracket, preserving Heisenberg's equation of motion for one-body operators. In order to accommodate the effect of two-body terms, we further impose quantization on the spin-dependent occupation numbers in the classical equations of motion, with a parameter that is determined self-consistently. Expectation values for observables are taken with respect to an initial quasiclassic…
The process of measurement of a phase qubit by a resonant microwave cavity is considered for various interactions between the qubit and the cavity. A novel quasiclassical approach is described based on adiabatic reversals of the qubit state by an effective field. A similar approach was implemented earlier for the detection of electron and nuclear spins using magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM), but this approach has not previously been used for the measurement of a quantum state. Quasiclassical and quantum regimes are described. We consider both linear and nonlinear resonators. The effe…
Single-spin detection is one of the important challenges facing the development of several new technologies, e.g. single-spin transistors and solid-state quantum computation. Magnetic resonance force microscopy with a cyclic adiabatic inversion, which utilizes a cantilever oscillations driven by a single spin, is a promising technique to solve this problem. We have studied the quantum dynamics of a single spin interacting with a quasiclassical cantilever. It was found that in a similar fashion to the Stern-Gerlach interferometer the quantum dynamics generates a quantum superposition of two qua…
Quasiclassical solution of the three-dimensional Schredinger's equation is given. The existence of nonzero minimal angular momentum M_0 = \hbar /2 is shown, which corresponds to the quantum fluctuations of the angular momentum and contributes to the energy of the ground state.
Electrical resonators are widely used in quantum information processing, by engineering an electromagnetic interaction with qubits based on real or virtual exchange of microwave photons. This interaction relies on strong coupling between the qubits' transition dipole moments and the vacuum fluctuations of the resonator in the same manner as cavity QED, and has consequently come to be called "circuit QED" (cQED). Great strides in the control of quantum information have already been made experimentally using this idea. However, the central role played by photon exchange induced by quantum fluctu…
Stochastic simulation of dissipative quantum oscillators
本文通过耗散量子振子的随机模拟，展示如何利用准经典方法建模开放量子系统，揭示环境量子性质对系统动力学的影响。
How to improve the accuracy of semiclassical and quasiclassical dynamics with and without generalized quantum master equations
通过短时分析揭示半经典动力学精度提升机制，发现左手时间导数可延迟误差但导致长时不稳定性，提出记忆核截断协议以兼顾短时精度与长时稳定。
We model a collection of $N$ two-level systems (TLSs) coupled to a multimode cavity via Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss (MMST) dynamics, sampling both electronic and photonic zero-point energies (ZPEs) and propagating independent trajectories in Wigner phase space. By investigating the ground state stability of a single TLS, we use MMST dynamics to separately study both electronic ZPE effects (which would naively lead to the breakdown of the electronic ground state) as well as photonic ZPE effects (which would naively lead to spontaneous absorption). By contrast, including both effects (i.e., samplin…
Except for the universe, all quantum systems are open, and according to quantum state diffusion theory, many systems localize to wave packets in the neighborhood of phase space points. This is due to decoherence from the interaction with the environment, and makes the quasiclassical limit of such systems both more realistic and simpler in many respects than the more familiar quasiclassical limit for closed systems. A linearized version of this theory leads to the correct classical dynamics in the macroscopic limit, even for nonlinear and chaotic systems. We apply the theory to the forced, damp…
Intraband circular photogalvanic effect in Weyl semimetals
研究Weyl半金属中本带吸收的环形光电生电效应，揭示经典近似与量子力学方法的差异，指出需引入新的微观机制。
We solve the Weyl electron scattered by a spherical step potential barrier. Tuning the incident energy and the potential radius, one can enter both quasiclassical and quantum regimes. Transport features related to far-field currents and integrated cross sections are studied to reveal the preferred forward scattering. In the quasiclassical regime, a strong focusing effect along the incident spherical axis is found in addition to optical caustic patterns. In the quantum regime, at energies of successive angular momentum resonances, a polar aggregation of electron density is found inside the pote…
We consider the fate of $1/N$ expansions in unstable many-body quantum systems, as realized by a quench across criticality, and show the emergence of ${\rm e}^{2λt}/N$ as a renormalized parameter ruling the quantum-classical transition and accounting nonperturbatively for the local divergence rate $λ$ of mean-field solutions. In terms of ${\rm e}^{2λt}/N$, quasiclassical expansions of paradigmatic examples of criticality, like the self-trapping transition in an integrable Bose-Hubbard dimer and the generic instability of attractive bosonic systems toward soliton formation, are pushed to arbitr…
The origin of the phenomenological deterministic laws that approximately govern the quasiclassical domain of familiar experience is considered in the context of the quantum mechanics of closed systems such as the universe as a whole. We investigate the requirements for coarse grainings to yield decoherent sets of histories that are quasiclassical, i.e. such that the individual histories obey, with high probability, effective classical equations of motion interrupted continually by small fluctuations and occasionally by large ones. We discuss these requirements generally but study them specific…
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