开放系统中的量子混沌：量子态扩散分析
Quantum chaos in open systems: a quantum state diffusion analysis
摘要：
除宇宙外，所有的量子系统都是开放的，根据量子态扩散理论，许多系统局域化到相空间点邻域内的波包。这是由于与环境相互作用的退相干，使得这种系统的准经典极限在许多方面比封闭系统的更熟悉的准经典极限更现实和简单。这个理论的线性化版本导致正确的经典动力学在宏观极限，即使是非线性和混沌系统。我们将该理论应用于受迫阻尼Duffing振子，比较了完全方程和线性化方程的数值结果，并认为这可以用于量子力学的退相干历史形式中的显式计算。
英文摘要：
Except for the universe, all quantum systems are open, and according to quantum state diffusion theory, many systems localize to wave packets in the neighborhood of phase space points. This is due to decoherence from the interaction with the environment, and makes the quasiclassical limit of such systems both more realistic and simpler in many respects than the more familiar quasiclassical limit for closed systems. A linearized version of this theory leads to the correct classical dynamics in the macroscopic limit, even for nonlinear and chaotic systems. We apply the theory to the forced, damped Duffing oscillator, comparing the numerical results of the full and linearized equations, and argue that this can be used to make explicit calculations in the decoherent histories formalism of quantum mechanics.
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