arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv quant-ph/0007119quant-ph
收藏

密度矩阵II的现实解释:非相对论情况

A realistic interpretation of the density matrix II: The non-relativistic case

A. Raiteri

摘要:

将quant-ph/9812011中提出的解释推广到非相对论粒子在任意外部势场中运动的一般情况。它表明,即使在这种一般情况下,“粒子”的解决方案存在,不随时间而蔓延,并保持良好的本地化周围的质量质心;据推测,这些是唯一的解决方案,代表个别的物理粒子。因此,标准量子力学的两个基本原理,即叠加原理和波函数坍缩,被证明没有本体论意义。我们的方法的三个简单的应用程序,然后检查:自由粒子,线性谐振子和δ势垒;相应的“粒子”的解决方案明确显示。最后,有人认为,关于波函数的意义(它代表一个单独的粒子或统计系综?)需要薛定谔方程的非线性扩展。

英文摘要:

The interpretation proposed in quant-ph/9812011 is extended to the general case of a non-relativistic particle moving in an arbitrary external potential. It is shown that, even in this general case, "particle" solutions exist which do not spread out with time, and remain well localized around their center of mass; it is postulated that these are the only solutions which represent individual physical particles. As a consequence two basic principles of standard QM, namely the superposition principle and the wave-function collapse, are shown to have no ontological meaning. Three simple applications of our approach are then examined: the free particle, the linear harmonic oscillator and the delta barrier potential; the corresponding "particle" solutions are explicitly shown. Finally, it is argued that the persisting confusion about the meaning of the wave-function (does it represent an individual particle or a statistical ensemble?) calls for a non-linear extension of the Schroedinger equation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑