Long Term Operation and Performance of Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators
M. E. Tobar, E. N. Ivanov, C. R. Locke, P. L. Stanwix, J. G. Hartnett, A. N. Luiten, R. B. Warrington, P. T. H. Fisk, M. A. Lawn, M. J. Wouters, S. Bize, G. San… 展开作者
M. E. Tobar, E. N. Ivanov, C. R. Locke, P. L. Stanwix, J. G. Hartnett, A. N. Luiten, R. B. Warrington, P. T. H. Fisk, M. A. Lawn, M. J. Wouters, S. Bize, G. Santarelli, P. Wolf, A. Clairon, P. Guillemot
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Accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. UFFC 21st June 2006
Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators (CSO) developed at UWA have now been in operation around the world continuously for many years. Such oscillators, due to their excellent spectral purity are essential for interrogating atomic frequency standards at the limit of quantum projection noise; otherwise aliasing effects will dominate the frequency stability due to the periodic sampling between successive interrogations of the atomic transition. For this reason, UWA oscillators are now operational at NMI (Sydney), LNE-SYRTE (Paris), the French Space Agency (CNES, Toulouse) and at UWA (Perth). Other applications, which have attracted attention in recent years, include tests on fundamental principles of physics, such as tests of Lorentz invariance. This paper reports on the long-term operation and performance of such oscillators. We compare the long-term drift of some different CSOs. The drift rates turn out to be linear over many years and in the same direction. However, the magnitude seems to vary by more than one order of magnitude between the oscillators, ranging from 10^14 per day to a few parts in 10^13 per day.
Cryogenic measurement of the optical absorption coefficient in sapphire crystals at 1.064(micro)m for the Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave Telescope
The cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) is a highly specialized machine, which delivers a reference signal exhibiting the lowest frequency fluctuations. For the best units, the Allan deviation (ADEV) is <1e-15 for integration time between 1 and 10,000 s, with a drift <1e-14 in one day.The oscillator is based on a sapphire monocrystal resonating at 10 GHz in a whispering-gallery mode, cooled at 6 K for highest Q-factor and zero thermal coefficient. We report on the progress accomplished implementing eleven CSOs in about 10 years since the first sample delivered to the ESA station in Argentina. …
Ultra-low-phase-noise cryocooled microwave dielectric-sapphire-resonator oscillators with 1 x 10^-16 frequency instability
两个名义上相同的超稳定低温微波振荡器进行了比较。每一个都采用了一个介质蓝宝石谐振器冷却到近6 K的超低振动低温恒温器使用低振动脉冲管制冷机。在11.2 GHz载波上,单个振荡器的相位噪声在1 Hz偏移处测量为-105 dBc/Hz。振荡器的分数频率稳定度的特征在于,在积分时间为0.1 s < tau < 1000 s的情况下,阿伦偏差为5.3 x 10^-16 tau^-1/2 + 9 x 10^-17,并且受到低于1 x 10^-16的闪烁频率噪声基底的限制。这一结果优于任何其他微波源,甚至是那些从光梳锁相到室温超稳光腔产生的微波源。
Precision Measurement of a low-loss Cylindrical Dumbbell-Shaped Sapphire Mechanical Oscillator using Radiation Pressure
我们目前的第一个结果,从一个0.53公斤的圆柱形哑铃形蓝宝石晶体上进行的一些实验。这是第一次报道的光学机械实验的这种性质,利用一种新的修改典型的圆柱形架构。晶体结构的机械运动改变了晶体的尺寸,并且引起的应变改变了介电常数。这两种效应导致在晶体内同时激发的谐振微波回音壁模式的参数频率调制。实现了一种新型的低噪声微波读出系统,允许在我们感兴趣的模式附近对该频率调制进行极低噪声测量,在100 kHz处具有-165 dBc/Hz的相位噪声基底。晶体悬浮的微调允许优化机械品质因数,为低温实验做准备,在127 kHz时达到Q=8 x 10^7。这导致10^13的Q x f乘积,相当于宏观蓝宝石机械系统中的最佳测量值。结果表明,通过辐射压力的机械模式的激励,允许实验方法确定换能器的位移灵敏度DF/DX,并校准系统。最后,我们展示了系统中的参数反作用现象。这些都是实现实验总体目标的重要步骤;将宏观器件冷却到毫开尔文温度下的量子基态。
KAGRA uses cryogenics to cool its sapphire test masses down to 20 K to reduce the thermal noise. However, cryocooler vibration and structural resonances of the cryostat couple to test mass and can contaminate the detector sensitivity. We performed vibration analysis of the cooling system at cryogenic temperature to study its impact on detector sensitivity. Our measurement show shield vibration below 1 Hz is not impacted by cryocooler operation or structural resonances and follows ground motion. The noise floor of the shield in 1-100 Hz was observed to be 2-3 order of magnitude larger than seis…
Exploring Low Energy Excess in MINER with sapphire detectors using Convolutional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE)
National Institute of Science Education and Research(印度科学教育研究所);Homi Bhabha National Institute(霍米·巴巴国立研究所);Texas A&M University(德克萨斯农工大学);Sam Houston State University(山姆休斯顿州立大学);SNOLAB(SNOLAB实验室)
This study focuses on generating and manipulating squeezed states with two external oscillators coupled by an InP HEMT transistor operating at cryogenic temperatures. First, the small-signal nonlinear model of the transistor at high frequency at 5 K is analyzed using quantum theory, and the related Lagrangian is theoretically derived. Subsequently, the total quantum Hamiltonian of the system is derived using Legendre transformation. The Hamiltonian of the system includes linear and nonlinear terms, by which the effects on the time evolution of the states are studied. The main result shows that…