大气离子测量仪器
Instrumentation for atmospheric ion measurements
摘要：
小离子是大气气溶胶光谱的一部分，离子-气溶胶相互作用的研究是大气物理学的基础。空气离子物理和仪器进行了审查，包括历史背景。本文介绍了一种用于离子测量的可现场操作的、可减小入口误差的可拆卸的Gerdien冷凝器。采用两种使用独立的电流和电压衰减测量的操作模式。本文还讨论了一种基于同样原理的更复杂的自校准和完全可编程离子迁移谱仪（PIMS）。通过对误差项的详细分析和新技术的应用，大大提高了系统的性能。自洽的实验方法，包括电离和离子浓度仪器，用于校准。在开发和表征的PIMS的各个组件，有利和不利的操作制度被确定：这种方法也可以应用于其他抽吸离子计数技术。使用精密的可编程静电计可以补偿泄漏项。已发现带电气溶胶粒子使离子测量复杂化。因此，传统的离子气溶胶理论，忽略了颗粒浓度，被认为是不完整的。多峰离子迁移谱也被发现影响仪器的操作。开发的新型可编程离子仪器，结合考虑离子迁移率谱产生一个改进的和灵活的方法，在原位大气离子测量。
英文摘要：
Small ions are part of the atmospheric aerosol spectrum, and study of ion-aerosol interactions is fundamental in atmospheric physics. Air ion physics and instrumentation are reviewed, including the historical context. A miniaturised Gerdien condenser for ion measurement, operating in situ to minimise inlet errors, is described. Two operating modes using independent current and voltage decay measurements are employed. A more sophisticated self-calibrating and fully programmable ion mobility spectrometer (PIMS) based on the same principles, is also discussed. Detailed analysis of error terms and application of new technology is demonstrated to greatly improve its capability. Self-consistent experimental approaches, including ionisation and ion concentration instruments, are used for calibration. In developing and characterising the individual components of the PIMS, favourable and unfavourable operating regimes are identified: this approach can also be applied to other aspiration ion counting techniques. Use of a sophisticated programmable electrometer permits compensation for leakage terms. Electrically-charged aerosol particles have been found to complicate the ion measurements. Consequently, conventional ion-aerosol theory, which neglects the particulate concentration, is thought to be incomplete. The polymodal ion mobility spectrum is also found to influence the instrument's operation. Development of the novel programmable ion instrumentation, in conjunction with consideration of the ion mobility spectrum yields an improved and flexible approach to in situ atmospheric ion measurements.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
