南极漂流雪对大气离子和气溶胶的清除作用
Scavenging of atmospheric ions and aerosols by drifting snow in Antarctica
摘要：
本文报道了在南极Maitri沿海观测站发生一场暴风雪后的一段飘雪期间，对小、中、大离子浓度和气溶胶电流密度的测量，以及对粒径在4.4 ~ 163 nm和0.5 ~ 20 μ m范围内的气溶胶粒子浓度和粒径分布的同时测量。当风速从5米/秒增加到10米/秒时，所有种类的离子浓度和空气流同时降低大约一个数量级。大离子的下降速率最高，小离子的下降速率最低，中间离子的下降速率介于两者之间。随着风速的增大，气溶胶总数浓度在4.4 ~ 163 nm粒径范围内减小，在0.5 ~ 20 μ m粒径范围内增大。在整个观测期间，纳米颗粒的粒径分布在30 nm处有一个占主导地位的极大值，极大值的高度随风速的增大而减小。然而，较大的颗粒在0.7微米直径处显示出最大值，但最大值的高度随着风速的增加而增加。这一结果可以用雪粒子对大气离子和气溶胶的清除作用来解释。
英文摘要：
Measurements of the small,intermediate, and large ion concentrations and the airearth current density along with simultaneous measurements of the concentration and size-distribution of aerosol particles in the size ranges 4.4 to 163 nm and 0.5 to 20 micrometer diameters are reported for a drifting snow period after the occurrence of a blizzard at a coastal station, Maitri, Antarctica. Ion concentrations of all categories and the airearth current simultaneously decrease by approximately an order of magnitude as the wind speed increases from 5 to 10 meter per sec. The rate of decrease is the highest for large ions, lowest for small ions and in between the two for intermediate ions. Total aerosol number concentration decreases in the 4.4 to 163 nm size range but increases in 0.5 to 20 micrmetr size range with wind speed. Size distribution of the nanometer particles show a dominant maximum at 30 nm diameter throughout the period of observations and the height of the maximum decreases with wind speed. However, larger particles show a maximum at 0.7 micrometer diameter but the height of the maximum increases with increasing wind speed. The results are explained in terms of scavenging of atmospheric ions and aerosols by the drifting snow particles.
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