南极Maitri正离子和地气电流密度的测量
Measurements of positive ions and air-earth current density at Maitri, Antarctica
摘要：
报道了2005年1月至2月在南极Maitri海岸站同时测量的小、中、大正离子和气-地流密度。虽然，小和大的正离子浓度没有显示出任何系统的日变化，它们的变化几乎是彼此相似的。另一方面，中间正离子浓度的变化与小/大正离子的变化无关，并且表现出类似于晴天大气温度的昼夜变化，在白天最大，在夜间最小。在阴天，中间阳离子浓度的日变化与小/大阳离子浓度的日变化相似，而在阴天则没有这种日变化。晴天的中间阳离子浓度日变化幅度随气温的降低而增大。从观测中可以看出，降雪对离子的清除作用和地面上一层薄薄的雪对地面放射性中的Alha射线的捕获作用。中间正离子浓度的变化解释的基础上形成的新粒子的光解成核过程。
英文摘要：
Simultaneous measurements of the small-, intermediate- and large- positive ions and air earth current density made at a coastal station, Maitri at Antarctica during January to February 2005, are reported. Although, small and large positive ion concentrations do not show any systematic diurnal variations, variations in them are almost similar to each other. On the other hand, variations in intermediate positive ion concentrations are independent of variations in the small/large positive ions and exhibit a diurnal variation which is similar to that in atmospheric temperature on fair weather days with a maximum during the day and minimum during the night hours. No such diurnal variation in intermediate positive ion concentration is observed on cloudy days when variations in them are also similar to those insmall/large positive ion concentrations. Magnitude of diurnal variation in intermediate positive ion concentration on fair weather days increases with the lowering of atmospheric temperature in this season. Scavenging of ions by snowfall and trapping of Alha - rays from the ground radioactivity by a thin layer of snow on ground, is demonstrated from observations. Variations in intermediate positive ion concentration are explained on the basis of the formation of new particles by the photolytic nucleation process.
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