For a smoothing Y of a 2-dimensional cyclic quotient singularity X, we construct a simple handle decomposition of Y by using a particular birational map from Y to the projective plane. The manifold Y is built up from the product of an annulus with a disk by attaching 2-handles in a manner which can be described by means of a plumbing graph. In particular, Y is homotopy equivalent to a 2-dimensional CW-complex with 1-skeleton a single circle.
Given a surface cyclic quotient singularity $Q\in Y$, it is an open problem to determine all smoothings of $Y$ that admit an anticanonical model and to compute it. In [HTU], Hacking, Tevelev, and Urzúa studied certain irreducible components of the versal deformation space of $Y$, and within these components, they found one parameter smoothings $\mathcal{Y} \to \mathbb{A}^1$ that admit an anticanonical model and proved that they have canonical singularities. Moreover, they compute explicitly the anticanonical models that have terminal singularities using Mori's division algorithm [M02]. We stud…
We consider the deformation spaces of some singular product-quotient surfaces $X=(C_1 \times C_2)/G$, where the curves $C_i$ have genus 3 and the group $G$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_4$. As a by-product, we give a new construction of Todorov surfaces with $p_g=1$, $q=0$ and $2\le K^2\le 8$ by using $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein smoothings.
In this paper, we show a condition for two-parameter Gorenstein cyclic quotient singularities to have a crepant resolution by using the remainder polynomial in any dimension.
In this paper, we shall discuss Hilbert property of ${\rm Hilb}^{G}(\mathbb{C}^{3})$, Fujiki-Oka resolutions and iterated Fujiki-Oka resolutions for three dimensional canonical cyclic quotient singularities by using the classification shown by Ishida and Iwashita\cite{II}. Finally, we shall prove that there exists a Hilbert desingularization for any three dimensional canonical cyclic quotient singularity.
We show that a homology plane of general type has at worst a single cyclic quotient singular point. An example of such a surface with a singular point does exist. We also show that the automorphism group of a smooth contractible surface of general type is cyclic.
Gorenstein isolated quotient singularities of odd prime dimension are cyclic. In the case where the dimension is bigger than 1 and is not an odd prime number, then there exist Gorenstein isolated non-cyclic quotient singularities.
We prove an equivalence of triangulated categories between Orlov's triangulated category of singularities for a Gorenstein cyclic quotient singularity and the derived category of representations of a quiver with relations which is obtained from the McKay quiver by removing one vertex and half of the arrows.
We describe the versal deformation of two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities in terms of equations, following Arndt, Brohme and Hamm. For the reduced components the equations are determined by certain systems of dots in a triangle. The equations of the versal deformation itself are governed by a different combinatorial structure, involving rooted trees.
The wild McKay correspondence, a variant of the McKay correspondence in positive characteristics, shows that stringy motives of quotient varieties equal some motivic integrals on the moduli space of of the Galois covers of a formal disk. In this paper, we determine when the integrals converge for the the case of cyclic groups of prime power order. As an application, we give a criterion for the quotient variety being canonical or log canonical.
We classify all $n$-dimensional reduced Cohen-Macaulay modular quotient variety $\mathbb{A}_\mathbb{F}^n/C_{2p}$ and study their singularities, where $p$ is a prime number and $C_{2p}$ denotes the cyclic group of order $2p$. In particular, we present an example that demonstrates that the problem proposed by Yasuda \cite[Problem 6.6]{Yas2015} has a negative answer if the condition that "$G$ is a small subgroup" was dropped.
In the case of two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities, we classify all one-parameter toric deformations in terms of certain Minkowski decompositions. In particular, we describe to which components each such deformation maps, show how to induce each deformation from a versal family, give explicit equations for each deformation, describe the singularities in the general fibers, and construct the corresponding partial simultaneous resolutions.
We investigate the nearly Gorenstein property among $d$-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities $\Bbbk[[x_1,\dots,x_d]]^G$, where $\Bbbk$ is an algebraically closed field and $G\subseteq{\rm GL}(d,\Bbbk)$ is a finite small cyclic group whose order is invertible in $\Bbbk$. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition to be nearly Gorenstein that also allows us to find several new classes of such rings.
An immediate generalization of the classical McKay correspondence for Gorenstein quotient spaces $\Bbb{C}^{r}/G$ in dimensions $r\geq 4$ would primarily demand the existence of projective, crepant, full desingularizations. Since this is not always possible, it is natural to ask about special classes of such quotient spaces which would satisfy the above property. In this paper we give explicit necessary and sufficient conditions under which 2-parameter series of Gorenstein cyclic quotient singularities have torus-equivariant resolutions of this specific sort in all dimensions.
The set of volumes of stable surfaces does have accumulation points. In this paper, we study this phenomenon for surfaces with one cyclic quotient singularity, towards answering the question under which conditions we can still have boundedness. Effective bounds allow listing singularities that might appear on a stable surface after fixing its invariants. We find optimal inequalities for stable surfaces with one cyclic quotient singularity, which can be used to prove boundedness under certain conditions. We also introduce the notion of generalized T-singularity, which is a natural generalizatio…
In this note we investigate the generating series of the Euler characteristics of Hilbert scheme of points on cyclic quotient singularities of type (p,1). We link the appearing combinatorics to p-fountains, a generalization of the notion of fountain of coins. We obtain a representation of the generating series as coefficient of a two variable generating series.
P-resolutions of two-dimensional, cyclic quotient singularities have been introduced to study deformation theory. Those P-resolutions (as well as the singularities themselves) are toric varieties. In the present paper we give a straight, elementary description of them just by their defining fans.
We propose new tools based on basic lattice theory to calculate the integral cohomology of the quotient of a manifold by an automorphism group of prime order. As examples of applications, we provide the Beauville--Bogomolov forms of some irreducible symplectic orbifolds; we also show a new expression for a basis of the integral cohomology of a Hilbert scheme of two points on a surface.
Esnault-Viehweg developed the theory of cyclic branched coverings $\tilde X\to X$ of smooth surfaces providing a very explicit formula for the decomposition of $H^1(\tilde X,\mathbb{C})$ in terms of a resolution of the ramification locus. Later, the first author applies this to the particular case of coverings of $\mathbb{P}^2$ reducing the problem to a combination of global and local conditions on projective curves. In this paper we extend the above results in three directions: first, the theory is extended to surfaces with quotient singularities, second the ramification locus can be partiall…
In this paper, we characterize Ulrich modules over cyclic quotient surface singularities by using the notion of special Cohen-Macaulay modules. We also investigate the number of indecomposable Ulrich modules for a given cyclic quotient surface singularity, and show that the number of exceptional curves in the minimal resolution gives a boundary for the number of indecomposable Ulrich modules.
P-resolutions of a cyclic quotient singularity are known to be in one-to-one correspondence with the components of the base space of its semi-universal deformation. Stevens and Christophersen have shown that P-resolutions are parametrized by so-called chains representing zero or, equivalently, certain subdivisions of polygons. I give here a purely combinatorial proof of the correspondence between subdivisions of polygons and P-resolutions.
In this short note, by combining the work of Amiot-Iyama-Reiten and Thanhoffer de Volcsey-Van den Bergh on Cohen-Macaulay modules with the previous work of the author on orbit categories, we compute the (nonconnective) algebraic K-theory with coefficients of cyclic quotient singularities.
We give two new examples of non-hyperelliptic curves whose Ceresa cycles have torsion images in the intermediate Jacobian. For one of them, the central value of the $L$-function of the relevant motive is non-vanishing and the Ceresa cycle is torsion in the Griffiths group, consistent with the conjectures of Beilinson and Bloch. We speculate on a possible explanation for the existence of these torsion Ceresa classes, based on some computations with cyclic Fermat quotients.
For a cyclic group $G$ acting on a smooth variety $X$ with only one character occurring in the $G$-equivariant decomposition of the normal bundle of the fixed point locus, we study the derived categories of the orbifold $[X/G]$ and the blow-up resolution $\widetilde Y \to X/G$. Some results generalise known facts about $X = A^n$ with diagonal $G$-action, while other results are new also in this basic case. In particular, if the codimension of the fixed point locus equals $|G|$, we study the induced tensor products under the equivalence $D^b(\widetilde Y) \cong D^b([X/G])$ and give a 'flop-flop…
A toric del Pezzo surface $X_P$ with cyclic quotient singularities determines and is determined by a Fano polygon $P$. We construct an affine manifold with singularities that partially smooths the boundary of $P$; this a tropical version of a Q-Gorenstein partial smoothing of $X_P$. We implement a mild generalization of the Gross-Siebert reconstruction algorithm - allowing singularities that are not locally rigid - and thereby construct (a formal version of) this partial smoothing directly from the affine manifold. This has implications for mirror symmetry: roughly speaking, it implements half…
Resolutions of linear $p$-cyclic quotient singularities
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙木理论研究所）；Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
We classify all the K3 surfaces which are minimal models of the quotient of the product of two curves $C_1\times C_2$ by the diagonal action of either the group $\Z/p\Z$ or the group $\Z/2p\Z$. These K3 surfaces admit a non-symplectic automorphism of order $p$ induced by an automorphism of one of the curves $C_1$ or $C_2$. We prove that most of the K3 surfaces admitting a non-symplectic automorphism of order $p$ (and in fact a maximal irreducible component of the moduli space of K3 surfaces with a non-symplectic automorphism of order $p$) are obtained in this way.\\ In addition, we show that o…
Given two torus invariant Weil divisors $D$ and $D'$ on a two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularity $X$, the groups $\mathop{Ext}\nolimits^i_{X}(\mathcal{O}(D),\mathcal{O}(D'))$, $i>0$, are naturally $\mathbb{Z}^2$-graded. We interpret these groups via certain combinatorial objects using methods from toric geometry. In particular, it is enough to give a combinatorial description of the $\mathop{Ext}\nolimits^1$-groups in the polyhedra of global sections of the Weil divisors involved. Higher $\mathop{Ext}\nolimits^i$-groups are then reduced to the case of $\mathop{Ext}\nolimits^1$ via a quive…
We determine the Lyapunov spectrum of ball quotients arising from cyclic coverings. The computations are performed by rewriting the sum of Lyapunov exponents as ratios of intersection numbers and by the analysis of the period map near boundary divisors. As a corollary, we complete the classification of commensurability classes of all presently known non-arithmetic ball quotients.
In this paper we prove that the Gorenstein cyclic quotient singularities of type \frac 1l (1,..., 1,l-(r-1)) with $l\geq r\geq 2$, have a \textit{unique}torus-equivariant projective, crepant, partial resolution, which is ``full'' iff either $l\equiv 0$ mod $% (r-1) $ or $l\equiv 1$ mod $(r-1) $. As it turns out, if one of these two conditions is fulfilled, then the exceptional locus of the full desingularization consists of $\lfloor \frac{l}{r-1} \rfloor$ prime divisors, $\lfloor \frac{l}{r-1}\rfloor - 1$ of which are isomorphic to the total spaces of $\Bbb{P}_{\Bbb{C}}^1$-bundles over $\Bbb{P…
The oriented link of the cyclic quotient singularity $\mathcal{X}_{p,q}$ is orientation-preserving diffeomorphic to the lens space $L(p,q)$ and carries the standard contact structure $ξ_{st}$. Lisca classified the Stein fillings of $(L(p,q), ξ_{st})$ up to diffeomorphisms and conjectured that they correspond bijectively through an {\it explicit} map to the Milnor fibers associated with the irreducible components (all of them being smoothing components) of the reduced miniversal space of deformations of $\mathcal{X}_{p,q}$. We prove this conjecture using the smoothing equations given by Christo…
A cyclic quotient singularity of type $p^2/pq-1$ ($0<q<p, (p,q)=1$) has a smoothing whose Milnor fibre is a $\mathbb Q$HD, or rational homology disk (i.e., the Milnor number is $0$) ([9], 5.9.1). In the 1980's, we discovered additional examples of such singularities: three triply-infinite and six singly-infinite families, all weighted homogeneous. Later work of Stipsicz, Szabó, Bhupal, and the author ([7], [1]) proved that these were the only weighted homogeneous examples. In his UNC PhD thesis (unpublished but available at [2]), our student Jacob Fowler completed the analytic classification o…
We give a complete classification of del Pezzo surfaces with quotient singularities and Picard rank 1 which admit a Q-Gorenstein smoothing. There are 14 infinite families of toric examples. The surfaces in each family correspond to solutions of a Markov-type equation. The remaining surfaces are obtained as deformations of the toric surfaces or belong to a finite list of sporadic surfaces.
In positive characteristic, there exist counterexamples to the statement corresponding to Batyrev's theorem concerning the McKay correspondence. In this paper, we give another computation of the counterexamples by using stringy-point count for some sequences of quotient varieties. There is a proof of the Serre-Bhagava's mass formula, which is important formula in the number theory, from the computation of stringy-point count of a quotient variety associated to a representation of symmetric group. Our computation of the stringy-point count in this paper is regarded as a variation of this proof …
Thanks to the recent work of Bhupal, Stipsicz, Szabo, and the author, one has a complete list of resolution graphs of weighted homogeneous complex surface singularities admitting a rational homology disk ("QHD") smoothing, i.e., one with Milnor number 0. They fall into several classes, the most interesting of which are the three classes whose resolution dual graph has central vertex with valency 4. We give a uniform "quotient construction" of the QHD smoothings for these classes; it is an explicit Q-Gorenstein smoothing, yielding a precise description of the Milnor fibre and its non-abelian fu…
A criterion for the existence of a birational embedding with two Galois points for quotient curves is presented. We apply our criterion to several curves, for example, some cyclic subcovers of the Giulietti-Korchmaros curve or of the curves constructed by Skabelund. They are new examples of plane curves with two Galois points.
Among log canonical surface singularities, the ones which have a rational homology disk smoothing are the cyclic quotient singularities $\frac{1}{n^2}(1,na-1)$ with gcd$(a,n)=1$, and three distinguished elliptic quotient singularities. We show the existence of smoothable KSBA normal surfaces with $π_1=1$, $p_g=0$, and $K^2=1,2$ for each of these three singularities. We also give a list of new (and old) normal surface singularities in smoothable KSBA surfaces for invariants $π_1=1$, $p_g=0$, and $K^2=1,2,3,4$.
We complete the analysis on the birational rigidity of quasismooth Fano 3-fold deformation families appearing in the Graded Ring Database as a complete intersection. When such a deformation family $X$ has Fano index at least 2 and is minimally embedded in a weighted projective space in codimension 2, we determine which cyclic quotient singularity is a maximal centre. If a cyclic quotient singularity is a maximal centre, we construct a Sarkisov link to a non-isomorphic Mori fibre space or a birational involution. This allows, in particular, the construction of new examples of Fano 3-folds of co…
In this paper we are interested in quotients of Calabi-Yau threefolds with isolated singularities. In particular, we analyze the case when $X/G$ has terminal singularities. We prove that, if $G$ is cyclic of prime order and $X/G$ has terminal singularities, then $G$ has order $2,3$ or $5$.
It is known (Stipsicz-Szabó-Wahl) that there are exactly three triply-infinite and seven singly-infinite families of weighted homogeneous normal surface singularities admitting a rational homology disk ($\mathbb{Q}$HD) smoothing, i.e., having a Milnor fibre with Milnor number zero. Some examples are found by an explicit "quotient construction", while others require the "Pinkham method". The fundamental group of the Milnor fibre has been known for all except the three exceptional families $\mathcal B_2^3(p), \mathcal C^3_2(p),$ and $\mathcal C^3_3(p)$. In this paper, we settle these cases. We p…
We show that a cyclic quotient surface singularity S can be decomposed, in a precise sense, into a number of elementary T-singularities together with a cyclic quotient surface singularity called the residue of S. A normal surface X with isolated cyclic quotient singularities {S_i} admits a Q-Gorenstein partial smoothing to a surface with singularities given by the residues of the S_i. We define the singularity content of a Fano lattice polygon P: this records the total number of elementary T-singularities and the residues of the corresponding toric Fano surface X_P. We express the degree of X_…
Let k be an arbitrary field of characteristic zero. In this paper we study quotients of k-rational conic bundles over projective line by finite groups of automorphisms. We construct smooth minimal models for such quotients. We show that any quotient is birationally equivalent to a quotient of other k-rational conic bundle cyclic group of order $2^k$, dihedral group of order $2^k$, alternating group of degree $4$, symmetric group of degree $4$ or alternating group of degree $5$ effectively acting on the base of conic bundle. Also we construct infinitely many examples of such quotients which are…
In this note, we prove that for any finite dimensional vector space $V$ over $\mathbb {C}$, and for a finite cyclic group $G$, the projective variety $\mathbb P(V)/G$ is projectively normal with respect to the descent of $\mathcal O(1)^{\otimes |G|}$ by a method using toric variety, and deduce the EGZ theorem as a consequence.
This paper deals with a complete invariant $R_X$ for cyclic quotient surface singularities. This invariant appears in the Riemann Roch and Numerical Adjunction Formulas for normal surface singularities. Our goal is to give an explicit formula for $R_X$ based on the numerical information of $X$, that is, $d$ and $q$ as in $X=X(d;1,q)$. In the process, the space of curvettes and generic curves is explicitly described. We also define and describe other invariants of curves in $X$ such as the LR-logarithmic eigenmodules, $δ$-invariants, and their Milnor and Newton numbers.
