Igor Rivin
We obtain sharp bounds for the number of n-cycles in a finite graph as a function of the number of edges, and prove that the complete graph is optimal in more ways than could be imagined. En route, we prove some sharp estimates on power sums.
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For positive integers $r > \ell$, an $r$-uniform hypergraph is called an $\ell$-cycle if there exists a cyclic ordering of its vertices such that each of its edges consists of $r$ consecutive vertices, and such that every pair of consecutive edges (in the natural ordering of the edges) intersect in precisely $\ell$ vertices. Such cycles are said to be linear when $\ell = 1$, and nonlinear when $\ell > 1$. We determine the sharp threshold for nonlinear Hamiltonian cycles and show that for all $r > \ell > 1$, the threshold $p^*_{r, \ell} (n)$ for the appearance of a Hamiltonian $\ell$-cycle in t…
We obtain sharp bounds for the number of n--cycles in a finite graph as a function of the number of edges, and prove that the complete graph is optimal in more ways than could be imagined. We prove sharp estimates on both the sum of k-th powers of the coordinates and the Lk norm subject to the constraints that the sum of squares of the coordinates is fixed, and that the sum of the coordinates vanishes.
We prove for all $k\geq 4$ and $1\leq\ell<k/2$ the sharp minimum $(k-2)$-degree bound for a $k$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal H$ on $n$ vertices to contain a Hamiltonian $\ell$-cycle if $k-\ell$ divides $n$ and $n$ is sufficiently large. This extends a result of Han and Zhao for $3$-uniform hypegraphs.
Large Cycles in Graphs Around Conjectures of Bondy and Jung -- Modifications and Sharpness
本文推导了任意 $k$-连通图中广义圈的新充分条件和周长新下界，据此修改了 Bondy 和 Jung 的著名猜想，并基于三种精确性证明了所有结果的最佳性。
Sharp Same-Color Cycle Covers in Two-Colored Complete Graphs
该研究将Erdős与Gyárfás的单色路径覆盖猜想推广到单色环覆盖，证明n顶点完全图的任意2边着色都存在至多⌈√n⌉个同色单色环覆盖所有顶点，且该界阶最优、向上取整对无穷多n必要。
A sharp asymptotic bound for odd cycles in planar graphs
该研究针对平面图中奇环的最大副本数问题，证明了一个精确渐近界公式，解决了Heath等人提出的相关加权优化猜想，确定了所有固定奇环的主项。
Sharp thresholds for higher powers of Hamilton cycles in random graphs
针对$k \geq 4$，该研究基于Riordan的二阶矩方法，通过重构证明并区分稀疏与稠密子图精确控制关键量，确定了随机图中哈密顿圈$k$次幂存在的尖锐阈值为$p=(e/n)^{1/k}$。
Let $k \geq 3$ be an integer, $h_{k}(G)$ be the number of vertices of degree at least $2k$ in a graph $G$, and $\ell_{k}(G)$ be the number of vertices of degree at most $2k-2$ in $G$. Dirac and Erdős proved in 1963 that if $h_{k}(G) - \ell_{k}(G) \geq k^{2} + 2k - 4$, then $G$ contains $k$ vertex-disjoint cycles. For each $k\geq 2$, they also showed an infinite sequence of graphs $G_k(n)$ with $h_{k}(G_k(n)) - \ell_{k}(G_k(n)) = 2k-1$ such that $G_k(n)$ does not have $k$ disjoint cycles. Recently, the authors proved that, for $k \geq 2$, a bound of $3k$ is sufficient to guarantee the existence…
Sharp linear Turán remainders for cycle and edge extremality
本文针对Morrison等人提出的问题，证明对每个色数，不存在同时最大化边数和圈数的H-自由图，还确定了最优常数γ_r，明确了圈极大H-自由图为边极值图的条件。
We give a sharp spectral condition for the existence of odd cycles in a graph of given order. We also prove a related stability result.
Every graph of size $q$ (the number of edges) and minimum degree $δ$ is hamiltonian if $q\leδ^2+δ-1$. The result is sharp.
Sharp threshold for Hamilton cycles in randomly perturbed sparse graphs
研究随机扰动稀疏图中哈密顿圈存在的精确概率阈值，通过改进常数至最优值1并证明下界最优性。
We give an upper bound for the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex 2-connected $r$-uniform hypergraph with no Berge cycle of length $k$ or greater, where $n\geq k \geq 4r\geq 12$. For $n$ large with respect to $r$ and $k$, this bound is sharp and is significantly stronger than the bound without restrictions on connectivity. It turned out that it is simpler to prove the bound for the broader class of Sperner families where the size of each set is at most $r$. For such families, our bound is sharp for all $n\geq k\geq r\geq 3$.
The Minimum Number of $4$-Cycles in a Maximal Planar Graph with Small Number of Vertices
针对 Hakimi 与 Schmeichel 关于少量顶点极大平面图中4-环最小数目的未决猜想，本文予以证明，补全了该严格下界在所有小顶点数情形下的可达性。
We generalise a result of Corrádi and Hajnal and show that every graph with average degree at least $\tfrac{4}{3}kr$ contains $k$ vertex disjoint cycles, each of order at least $r$, as long as $k \geq 6$. This bound is sharp when $r=3$.
In this paper we show that $e/n$ is the sharp threshold for the existence of tight Hamilton cycles in random $k$-uniform hypergraphs, for all $k\ge 4$. When $k=3$ we show that $1/n$ is an asymptotic threshold. We also determine thresholds for the existence of other types of Hamilton cycles.
In 1952, Dirac proved that every 2-connected graph with minimum degree $δ$ either is hamiltonian or contains a cycle of length at least $2δ$. In 1986, Bauer and Schmeichel enlarged the bound $2δ$ to $2δ+2$ under additional 1-tough condition - an alternative and more natural necessary condition for a graph to be hamiltonian. In fact, the bound $2δ+2$ is sharp for a graph on $n$ vertices when $n\equiv 1(mod\ 3)$. In this paper we present the final version of this result which is sharp for each $n$: every 1-tough graph either is hamiltonian or contains a cycle of length at least $2δ+2$ when $n\eq…
We will present a new method, which enables us to find threshold functions for many properties in random intersection graphs. This method will be used to establish sharp threshold functions in random intersection graphs for k-connectivity, perfect matching containment and Hamilton cycle containment.
It is proved that if $G$ is a $t$-tough graph of order $n$ and minimum degree $δ$ with $t>1$ then either $G$ has a cycle of length at least $\min\{n,2δ+5\}$ or $G$ is the Petersen graph.
Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices and $λ_n(G)$ be the least eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix of $G$. In this paper, we give sharp bounds on the least eigenvalue of graphs without given pathes or cycles and determine the extremal graphs. This result gives spectral conditions for the existence of specified paths and cycles in graphs.
Two sharp lower bounds for the length of a longest cycle $C$ of a graph $G$ are presented in terms of the lengths of a longest path and a longest cycle of $G-C$, denoted by $\overline{p}$ and $\overline{c}$, respectively, combined with minimum degree $δ$: (1) $|C|\geq(\overline{p}+2)(δ-\overline{p})$ and (2) $|C|\geq(\overline{c}+1)(δ-\overline{c}+1)$.
We show that $p=\sqrt{\frac{e}{n}}$ is a sharp threshold for the random graph $G_{n,p}$ to contain the square of a Hamilton cycle. This improves the previous results of Kühn and Osthus and also Nenadov and Škorić.
Recently it was shown (by the author) that every graph of size $q$ (the number of edges) and minimum degree $δ$ is hamiltonian if $q\leδ^2+δ-1$ (arXiv:1107.2201v1). In this paper we present the exact analog of this result for dominating cycles: if $G$ is a 2-connected graph with $q\le8$ if $δ=2$ and $q\le (3(δ-1)(δ+2)-1)/2$ if $δ\ge3$, then each longest cycle in $G$ is a dominating cycle. The result is sharp in all respects.
For any graph $G$, let $ι_{\rm c}(G)$ denote the size of a smallest set $D$ of vertices of $G$ such that the graph obtained from $G$ by deleting the closed neighbourhood of $D$ contains no cycle. We prove that if $G$ is a connected $n$-vertex graph that is not a triangle, then $ι_{\rm c}(G) \leq n/4$. We also show that the bound is sharp. Consequently, we solve a problem of Caro and Hansberg.
It is proved that there exists an absolute constant c > 0 such that for every natural number k, every non-bipartite 2-connected graph with average degree at least ck contains k cycles with consecutive odd lengths. This implies the existence of the absolute constant d > 0 that every non-bipartite 2-connected graph with minimum degree at least dk contains cycles of all lengths modulo k, thus providing an answer (in a strong form) to a question of Thomassen. Both results are sharp up to the constant factors.
In the language of hypergraphs, our main result is a Dirac-type bound: we prove that every $3$-connected hypergraph $H$ with $ δ(H)\geq \max\{|V(H)|, \frac{|E(H)|+10}{4}\}$ has a hamiltonian Berge cycle. This is sharp and refines a conjecture by Jackson from 1981 (in the language of bipartite graphs). Our proofs are in the language of bipartite graphs, since the incidence graph of each hypergraph is bipartite.
Spanning cycles in random directed graphs
研究随机有向图中生成圈的出现时间，证明任意有向圈几乎必然早于有向哈密顿圈出现，并确定其尖锐阈值，证实了 Ferber-Long 猜想。
Sharp Asymptotics for the Solvability Probability of Random Stable Roommates
本文证明了随机稳定室友问题中稳定完美匹配存在概率的渐近公式，确立了Mertens推测的衰减指数并修正了常数，方法基于稳定排列的精确交错和与对称性近似。
In this paper, we consider a general degree sum condition sufficient to imply the existence of $k$ vertex-disjoint chorded cycles in a graph $G$. Let $σ_t(G)$ be the minimum degree sum of $t$ independent vertices of $G$. We prove that if $G$ is a graph of sufficiently large order and $σ_t(G)\geq 3kt-t+1$ with $k\geq 1$, then $G$ contains $k$ vertex-disjoint chorded cycles. We also show that the degree sum condition on $σ_t(G)$ is sharp. To do this, we also investigate graphs without chorded cycles.
Given a bridgeless graph G, the well-known cycle double cover conjecture posits that there is a list of cycles of G, such that every edge appears in exactly two cycles. In this paper, we prove the cycle double cover conjecture. More precisely, we prove the Goddyn's conjecture as a stronger version of the cycle double cover conjecture which states that every cycle in G is a member of some cycle double cover of G.
Sharp Diagonal Thresholds for Tight Hamilton Cycles in Uniformly Dense $3$-Graphs
本文在最小顶点度和最小共度数条件下，确定均匀稠密3 - 图中紧密哈密顿圈的尖锐对角阈值，证明\(d > 1/3\)且\(\alpha > f(d)\)时相关密度和度条件迫使存在紧密哈密顿圈，还给出最小共度数条件下阈值，反驳了一些猜想。
In this paper we introduce a particular class of Heffter arrays, called globally simple Heffter arrays, whose existence gives at once orthogonal cyclic cycle decompositions of the complete graph and of the cocktail party graph. In particular we provide explicit constructions of such decompositions for cycles of length $k\leq 10$. Furthermore, starting from our Heffter arrays we also obtain biembeddings of two $k$-cycle decompositions on orientable surfaces.
We show that the size of the largest simple d-cycle in a simplicial d-complex $K$ is at least a square root of $K$'s density. This generalizes a well-known classical result of Erdős and Gallai \cite{EG59} for graphs. We use methods from matroid theory applied to combinatorial simplicial complexes.
Simple cycles, also known as self-avoiding polygons, are cycles on graphs which are not allowed to visit any vertex more than once. We present an exact formula for enumerating the simple cycles of any length on any directed graph involving a sum over its induced subgraphs. This result stems from an Hopf algebra, which we construct explicitly, and which provides further means of counting simple cycles. Finally, we obtain a more general theorem asserting that any Lie idempotent can be used to enumerate simple cycles.
A sharp lower bound for the number of phylogenetic trees displayed by a tree-child network
本文针对不含底层3圈的树-子系统发育网络，给出了其展示的系统发育树数量的锐利下界，并刻画了达到该下界的网络结构。
Alternating odd cycles and orientations of Kneser-like graphs
本文研究特定图的定向问题，聚焦拓扑χ-染色图，探讨其是否存在避免交错奇环的定向或使所有最短奇环为交错奇环的定向，并针对Kneser图等多个图族给出结果。
A (simple) proof of the rna conjecture on powers of cycles
本文证明了关于循环幂的最小二分宽度（即rna数）的一个近期猜想，该猜想由Sehrawat等人提出。
Pósa-type results for Berge-hypergraphs
该研究在超图哈密顿Berge环领域，针对已有Dirac型最小度条件的基础，给出了$r$-一致与非一致超图中迫使哈密顿Berge环存在的紧Pósa型下界，推进了Berge超图的极值结果研究。
We prove a sharp Ore-type criterion for hamiltonicity of balanced bipartite digraphs: A bipartite digraph D, with colour classes of cardinality N, is hamiltonian if, for every pair of vertices u and v from opposite colour classes of D such that the arc uv is not in D, the sum of the outdegree of u and the indegree of v is greater than or equal to N+2.
Let $G = (V, E)$ be an $n$-vertex edge-colored graph. In 2013, H. Li proved that if every vertex $v \in V$ is incident to at least $(n+1)/2$ distinctly colored edges, then $G$ admits a rainbow triangle. We prove that the same hypothesis ensures a rainbow $\ell$-cycle $C_{\ell}$ whenever $n \ge 432 \ell$. This result is sharp for all odd integers $\ell \geq 3$, and extends earlier work of the authors for when $\ell$ is even.
Let $G$ be a finite connected simple graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. We show that, when $G$ is not bipartite, the number of $4$-cycles contained in $G$ is at most $\binom{m-n+1}{2}$. We further provide a short combinatorial proof of the bound $\binom{m-n+2}{2}$ which holds for bipartite graphs.
Let ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,T,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $T$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph which does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. When $T=K_2$, ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,T,H)$ is the well studied function, the planar Turán number of $H$, denoted by ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$. The topic of extremal planar graphs was initiated by Dowden (2016). He obtained sharp upper bound for both ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_4)$ and ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_5)$. Later on, Y. Lan, et al. continued this topic and proved that ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_6)\leq \frac{18(n-2)}{7}$. In thi…
The planar Turán number of the seven-cycle
本文研究不含七圈 $C_7$ 的平面图的最大边数，证明精确上界 $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,C_7)\leq 18n/7-48/7$，验证了 Ghosh 等人的猜想，并表明该界对同时不含 $K_4$ 与 $C_7$ 的情形也精确。
In this work we present an algorithm with which any arbitrary cubic planar map may be constructed through successive edge insertion while simultaneously constructing a set of proper edge labels and Hamiltonian cycles for each configuration. We present a publicly available Python implementation of this algorithm, and discuss both theoretical and numerical support for its validity, with reference to the well-known Four Colour Theorem.
Let $F_{a_1,\dots,a_k}$ be a graph consisting of $k$ cycles of odd length $2a_1+1,\dots, 2a_k+1$, respectively which intersect in exactly a common vertex, where $k\geq1$ and $a_1\ge a_2\ge \cdots\ge a_k\ge 1$. In this paper, we present a sharp upper bound for the signless Laplacian spectral radius of all $F_{a_1,\dots,a_k}$-free graphs and characterize all extremal graphs which attain the bound. The stability methods and structure of graphs associated with the eigenvalue are adapted for the proof.
Isometric Cycles and a Generalization of Moore Graphs
该研究通过图的赤道长度、围长和最小度给出图阶数的下界，定义并刻画了达到下界的类Moore极图的结构性质，还推导了无C4图的相关阶数界并提出相关猜想。
The Erdős-Gallai bound for consecutive even cycle lengths
该研究将Erdős–Gallai界扩展到不含t个连续偶环长度的图，解决了Verstraëte的猜想，还确定了强制特定模长环的边阈值，证明采用了增强稳定性的次线性扩张器方法。
This paper has been withdrawn by the author. Peterson and Woodall previously proved that the list-edge-colouring conjecture holds for graphs without odd cycles of length 5 or longer. D. Peterson and D. R. Woodall, Edge-choosability in line-perfect multigraphs, Discrete Mathematics 202 (1999), 191-199. D. Peterson and D. R. Woodall, Erratum to "Edge-choosability in line-perfect multigraphs", Discrete Mathematics 260 (2003), 323-326.
We investigate a descent on simple graphs, starting with the complete graph on $n$ vertices and ending up with the cycle graph by removing one edge after another. We obtain quantitative results showing that graphs with large diameter must have some eigenvalues of large algebraic degree.
Given a finite abelian group $G$, consider the complete graph on the set of all elements of $G$. Find a Hamiltonian cycle in this graph and for each pair of consecutive vertices along the cycle compute their sum. What are the smallest and the largest possible number of sums that can emerge in this way? What is the expected number of sums if the cycle is chosen randomly? How the answers change if an orientation is given to the cycle and differences (instead of sums) are computed? We give complete solutions to some of these problems and establish reasonably sharp estimates for the rest.
Let $G$ be a simple graph with no even cycle, called an odd-cycle graph. Cavers et al. [Cavers et al. Skew-adjacency matrices of graphs, Linear Algebra Appl. 436(2012), 4512--1829] showed that the spectral radius of $G^σ$ is the same for every orientation $σ$ of $G$, and equals the maximum matching root of $G$. They proposed a conjecture that the graphs which attain the maximum skew spectral radius among the odd-cycle graphs $G$ of order $n$ are isomorphic to the odd-cycle graph with one vertex degree $n-1$ and size $m=\lfloor 3(n-1)/2\rfloor$. This paper, by using the Kelmans transformation, …
In this paper, we investigate the ratio of the numbers of odd and even cycles in outerplanar graphs. We verify that the ratio generally diverges to infinity as the order of a graph diverges to infinity. We also give sharp estimations of the ratio for several classes of outerplanar graphs, and obtain a constant upper bound of the ratio for some of them. Furthermore, we consider similar problems in graphs with some pairs of forbidden subgraphs/minors, and propose a challenging problem concerning claw-free graphs.
We study the class of simple graphs $\mathcal{G}^*$ for which every pair of distinct odd cycles intersect in at most one edge. We give a structural characterization of the graphs in $\mathcal{G}^*$ and prove that every $G \in \mathcal{G}^*$ satisfies the list-edge-coloring conjecture. When $Δ(G) \geq 4$, we in fact prove a stronger result about kernel-perfect orientations in $L(G)$ which implies that $G$ is $(mΔ(G):m)$-edge-choosable and $Δ(G)$-edge-paintable for every $m \geq 1$.
Sharp thresholds for spanning regular subgraphs
本文证明了 $G(n,p)$ 中出现 Hamilton 圈平方的锐阈值，并求出了与固定 $d$-正则图同构的支撑子图阈值的精确渐近性，证实了相关猜想。
In 1960, Ghouila-Houri extended Dirac's theorem to directed graphs by proving that if D is a directed graph on n vertices with minimum out-degree and in-degree at least n/2 (i.e. minimum semi-degree at least n/2), then D contains a directed Hamiltonian cycle. Of course there are other orientations of a cycle in a directed graph and it is not clear that the semi-degree threshold for the directed Hamiltonian cycle is the same as the semi-degree threshold for some other orientation. In 1980, Grant initiated the problem of determining the minimum semi-degree threshold for the anti-directed Hamilto…
Disjoint chorded cycles in a $2$-connected graph
本文针对2-连通图解决Gould提出的问题，将顶点不交带弦圈的邻域并集条件从4s+1优化为4s，且该界是紧的。
Counting even cycles and even paths with bounded circumference
研究计算偶圈和偶路径问题，通过特定目标图\(H(n,L)\)，证明了关于禁止图为\(C_{\geq L + 1}\)时偶圈和偶路径的尖锐结果，还推导了禁止图为\(P_{p + 1}\)时的精确结果。
The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is the sum of the square of every vertex degree, while the second Zagreb index is the sum of the product of vertex degrees of each edge over all edges. In our work, we solve an open question about Zagreb indices of graphs with given number of cut vertices. The sharp lower bounds are obtained for these indices of graphs in $\mathbb{V}_{n,k}$, where $\mathbb{V}_{n, k}$ denotes the set of all $n$-vertex graphs with $k$ cut vertices and at least one cycle. As consequences, those graphs with the smallest Zagreb indices are characterized.
A proper edge $t$-coloring of a graph is a coloring of its edges with colors $1,2,...,t$ such that all colors are used, and no two adjacent edges receive the same color. For any integer $n\geq 3$, all possible values of $t$ are found, for which there exists such a proper edge $t$-coloring of the simple cycle C(n), which uses for each pair of adjacent edges either consecutive colors or the first and the last ones.
A Sharp Curvature Threshold for GLMY Path Homology
该研究证明了GLMY路径同调的一阶尖锐曲率阈值为1/2，还得出连通图曲率为正相关的基本群有限性结论，且高阶同调不受曲率严格正性强制消失的影响。
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