Finite Generation of Canonical Rings

Derived invariance of the Albanese relative canonical ring

We show the derived invariance of various geometric invariants of smooth complex projective varieties governed by the Albanese map, including the relative canonical ring and the class of the relative canonical model in a suitable variant of the Grothendieck ring of varieties. Then we derive some applications to the derived invariance of Hodge numbers.

On the log canonical ring of projective plt pairs with the Kodaira dimension two

The log canonical ring of a projective plt pair with the Kodaira dimension two is finitely generated.

Finite generation of the log canonical ring for 3-folds in char $p$

We prove that the log canonical ring of a klt pair of dimension $3$ with $\mathbb{Q}$-boundary over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>5$ is finitely generated. In the process we prove log abundance for such pairs in the case $κ=2$.

On the log canonical ring in Kodaira dimension two

We prove that the log canonical ring of a projective log canonical pair in Kodaira dimension two is finitely generated.

Birational geometry and the canonical ring of a family of determinantal 3-folds

Few explicit families of 3-folds are known for which the computation of the canonical ring is accessible and the birational geometry non-trivial. In this note we investigate a family of determinantal 3-folds in $\mathbb P^2 \times \mathbb P^3$ where this is the case.

Finite generation of a canonical ring

The purpose of this note is to review an algebraic proof of the finite generation theorem due to Birkar-Cascini-Hacon-McKernan whose method is based on the Minimal Model Program. A survey article for Current Development in Mathematics 2007.

Weak positivity theorem and Frobenius stable canonical rings of geometric generic fibers

In this paper, we prove the weak positivity theorem in positive characteristic when the canonical ring of the geometric generic fiber $F$ is finitely generated and the Frobenius stable canonical ring of $F$ is large enough. As its application, we show the subadditivity of Kodaira dimensions in some new cases.

On the canonical ring of curves and surfaces

Let C be a curve (possibly non reduced or reducible) lying on a smooth algebraic surface. We show that the canonical ring R(C, ω_C) is generated in degree 1 if C is numerically 4-connected, not hyperelliptic and even (i.e. with K_C of even degree on every component). As a corollary we show that on a smooth algebraic surface of general type with p_g(S)>0 and q(S)=0 the canonical ring R(S, K_S) is generated in degree \leq 3 if there exists a curve C in |K_S| numerically 3-connected and not hyperelliptic.

具有有限生成反典范代数的环中的超测试理想

Ultra-test ideals in rings with finitely generated anti-canonical algebras

本文在反典范环有限生成的条件下，利用超弗罗贝尼乌斯刻画伴随理想，并据此给出 Zhuang 关于 klt 型环的纯子环仍为 klt 型这一结果的替代证明。

具有有限生成典范环的klt广义对

A klt generalized pair with infinitely generated canonical ring

本文构造了一个复数域上的射影klt广义对，其广义典范环非有限生成，该结果由GPT-5.6-sol-ultra等生成式AI辅助取得。

二维亏格Gorenstein自旋曲线的半典范环

Half canonical rings of Gorenstein spin curves of genus two

该研究引入曲线上广义Gorenstein自旋结构概念，明确描述二维亏格丰富典范丛曲线的截面环，得到五种不同形式，为相关代数几何研究提供基础。

Direct images of pluricanonical bundles and Frobenius stable canonical rings of fibers

In this paper, we study an algebraic fiber space in positive characteristic whose generic fiber $F$ has finitely generated canonical ring and sufficiently large Frobenius stable canonical ring. An example of such a case is when $F$ is $F$-pure and its dualizing sheaf is invertible and ample. We treat a Fujita-type conjecture due to Popa and Schnell concerning direct images of pluricanonical bundles, and prove it under some additional hypotheses. As an application, we show the subadditivity of Kodaira dimensions in some new cases.

The canonical ring of a 3-connected curve

Let C be a projective curve either reduced with planar singularities or contained in a smooth algebraic surface. We show that the canonical ring R(C, ω_C)= \oplus_{k \geq 0} H^0(C, ω_C^k is generated in degree 1 if C is 3-connected and not (honestly) hyperelliptic; we show moreover that R(C, L)=\oplus_{k \geq 0} H^0(C,L^k)$ is generated in degree 1 if C is reduced with planar singularities and L is an invertible sheaf such that deg L_{|B} \geq 2p_a(B)+1 for every B \subseteq C.

On the Canonical Ring of Covers of Surfaces of Minimal Degree

Let f be a generically finite morphism from X to Y. The purpose of this paper is to show how the O_Y algebra structure on the push forward of O_X controls algebro-geometric aspects of X like the ring generation of graded rings associated to X and the very ampleness of line bundles on X. As the main application of this we prove some new results for certain regular surfaces X of general type. Precisely, we find the degrees of the generators of the canonical ring of X when the canonical morphism of X is a finite cover of a surface of minimal degree. These results complement results of Ciliberto […

Finite generation of the log canonical ring in dimension four

We treat two different topics on the log minimal model program, especially for four-dimensional log canonical pairs. (a) Finite generation of the log canonical ring in dimension four. (b) Abundance theorem for irregular fourfolds. We obtain (a) as a direct consequence of the existence of four-dimensional log minimal models by using Fukuda's theorem on the four-dimensional log abundance conjecture. We can prove (b) only by using traditional arguments. More precisely, we prove the abundance conjecture for irregular $(n+1)$-folds on the assumption that the minimal model conjecture and the abundan…

Note on asymptotic behaviour of the canonical ring

The theory of the Oukounkov body is a useful tool for studying the asymptotic behaviour of the canonical ring of a line bundle over a projective manifold. In this note, combined with the algebraic reduction, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the canonical ring of a line bundle over an arbitrary compact normal irreducible complex space.

Additional Explanatory Notes on the Analytic Proof of the Finite Generation of the Canonical Ring

This set of notes provides some additional explanatory material on the analytic proof of the finite generation of the canonical ring for a compact complex algebraic manifold of general type.

The Beilinson complex and canonical rings of irregular surfaces

In the first part of the paper Beilinson's theorem on the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on P^n is extended to weighted projective spaces in a rather explicit form. To this purpose the usual category of coherent sheaves is replaced by a suitable category of graded sheaves, and a more general theory of graded schemes is developed. In the second part of the paper the weighted version of Beilinson's theorem is applied to prove a structure theorem for certain canonical projections of surfaces of general type into a 3-dimensional weighted projective space. This result (which generaliz…

On the canonical ideals of one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local rings

In this paper we consider the problem of finding explicitly canonical ideals of one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local rings. We show that Gorenstein ideals contained in a high power of the maximal ideal are canonical ideals. In the codimension two case, from a Hilbert-Burch resolution, we show how to construct canonical ideals of curve singularities. Finally, we translate the problem of the analytic classification of curve singularities to the classification of local Artin Gorenstein rings with suitable length.

Canonical Maps to Twisted Rings

If A is a strongly noetherian graded algebra generated in degree one, then there is a canonically constructed graded ring homomorphism from A to a twisted homogeneous coordinate ring B(X, L, sigma), which is surjective in large degree. This result is a key step in the study of projectively simple rings. The proof relies on some results concerning the growth of graded rings which are of independent interest.

Canonical semi-rings of finite graphs and tropical curves

For a projective curve $C$ and the canonical divisor $K_C$ on $C$, it is classically known that the canonical ring $R(C) = \oplus_{m=0}^\infty H^0(C, m K_C)$ is finitely generated in degree at most three. In this article, we study whether analogous statements hold for finite graphs and tropical curves. For any finite graph $G$, we show that the canonical semi-ring $R(G)$ is finitely generated but that the degree of generators are not bounded by a universal constant. For any hyperelliptic tropical curve $Γ$ with integer edge-length, we show that the canonical semi-ring $R(Γ)$ is not finitely ge…

The amalgamated duplication of a ring along a multiplicative-canonical ideal

After recalling briefly the main properties of the amalgamated duplication of a ring $R$ along an ideal $I$, denoted by $R\JoinI$, we restrict our attention to the study of the properties of $R\JoinI$, when $I$ is a multiplicative canonical ideal of $R$ \cite{hhp}. In particular, we study when every regular fractional ideal of $R\Join I$ is divisorial.

The divisor class groups and the graded canonical modules of multi-section rings

We shall describe the divisor class group and the graded canonical module of the multi-section ring for a normal projective variety X and Weil divisors D_1,..., D_s on X under a mild condition. In the proof, we use the theory of Krull domain and the equivariant twisted inverse functor due to Hashimoto.

What is missing in canonical models for proper normal algebraic surfaces?

Smooth surfaces have finitely generated canonical rings and projective canonical models. For normal surfaces, however, the graded ring of multicanonical sections is possibly nonnoetherian, such that the corresponding homogeneous spectrum is noncompact. I construct a canonical compactification by adding finitely many non-Q-Gorenstein points at infinity, provided that each Weil divisor is numerically equivalent to a Q-Cartier divisor. Similar results hold for arbitrary Weil divisors instead of the canonical class.

Spin canonical rings of log stacky curves

Consider modular forms arising from a finite-area quotient of the upper-half plane by a Fuchsian group. By the classical results of Kodaira-Spencer, this ring of modular forms may be viewed as the log spin canonical ring of a stacky curve. In this paper, we tightly bound the degrees of minimal generators and relations of log spin canonical rings. As a consequence, we obtain a tight bound on the degrees of minimal generators and relations for rings of modular forms of arbitrary integral weight.

The degree of the generators of the canonical ring of surfaces with p_g=0

It is shown that the canonical ring of a minimal surface of general type with $p_g=0, K^2\geq 2$ is generated by its elements of degree lesser or equal to 5, provided $|2K|$ has no fixed components, and that this bound can be lowered to 4 under the assumption that $|2K|$ is base-point free.

The canonical module of a Cox ring

In this paper, we shall describe the graded canonical module of a Noetherian multi-section ring of a normal projective variety. In particular, in the case of the Cox ring, we prove that the graded canonical module is a graded free module of rank one with the shift of degree $K_X$. We shall give two kinds of proofs. The first one utilizes the equivariant twisted inverse functor developed by the first author. The second proof is down-to-earth, that avoids the twisted inverse functor.

关于扭曲的 Kawamata 半正定性和广义 canonical 环的有限生成性

On twisted Kawamata's semi-positivity and finite generation of generalized canonical rings

本文提出了一种扭曲的 Kawamata 半正定性定理，并应用于广义对 canonical 环的有限生成性问题。

Finite Generation of Canonical Ring by Analytic Method

In the 80th birthday conference for Professor LU Qikeng in June 2006 I gave a talk on the analytic approach to the finite generation of the canonical ring for a compact complex algebraic manifold of general type. This article is my contribution to the proceedings of that conference from my talk. In this article I give an overview of the analytic proof and focus on explaining how the analytic method handles the problem of infinite number of interminable blow-ups in the intuitive approach to prove the finite generation of the canonical ring. The proceedings of the LU Qikeng conference will appea…

On toric face rings II

We introduce the class of weakly log canonical singularities, a natural generalization of semi-log canonical singularities. Toric varieties (associated to toric face rings, possibly non-normal or reducible) which have weakly (semi-) log canonical singularities are classified. In the toric case, we discuss residues to lc centers of codimension one or higher.

The Brauer group of a valuation ring

Let $V$ be a valuation ring and $K$ be its field of fraction. We show that the canonical map $\Br(V) \to \Br(K)$ is injective.

McKay correspondence for canonical orders

Canonical orders, introduced in the minimal model program for orders, are simultaneous generalisations of Kleinian singularities and their associated skew group rings. In this paper, we construct minimal resolutions of canonical orders via non-commutative cyclic covers and skew group rings. This allows us to exhibit a derived equivalence between minimal resolutions of canonical orders and the skew group ring form of the canonical order in all but one case. The Fourier-Mukai transform used to construct this equivalence allows us to make explicit, the numerical version of the McKay correspondenc…

A General Non-Vanishing Theorem and an Analytic Proof of the Finite Generation of the Canonical Ring

On August 5, 2005 in the American Mathematical Society Summer Institute on Algebraic Geometry in Seattle and later in several conferences I gave lectures on my analytic proof of the finite generation of the canonical ring for the case of general type. After my lectures many people asked me for a copy of the slides which I used for my lectures. Since my slides were quite sketchy because of the time limitation for the lectures, I promised to post later on a preprint server my detailed notes from which my slides were extracted. Here are my detailed notes giving the techniques and the proof.

Triple canonical covers of varieties of minimal degree

In this article we study pluriregular varieties X of general type with base-point-free canonical bundle whose canonical morphism has degree 3 and maps X onto a variety of minimal degree Y. We carry out our study from two different perspectives. First we study in Section 2 the canonical ring of X describing completely the degrees of its minimal generators. We apply this to the study of the projective normality of the images of the pluricanonical morphisms of X. Our study of the canonical ring of $X$ also shows that, if the dimension of X is greater than or equal to 3, there does not exist a con…

Adjoint rings are finitely generated

This paper proves finite generation of the log canonical ring without Mori theory.

通过Cox环的特殊典范嵌入证明Mukai猜想

The Mukai conjecture via Cox rings for smooth canonical ambient embeddings

本文通过Cox环理论研究特殊典范嵌入下的Fano簇，证明了Mukai猜想在局部因子Fano簇中的成立，基于Mori梦想空间的log版本。

The Chow ring of hyperkähler varieties of $K3^{[2]}$-type via Lefschetz actions

We propose an explicit conjectural lift of the Neron-Severi Lie algebra of a hyperkähler variety $X$ of $K3^{[2]}$-type to the Chow ring of correspondences ${\rm CH}^\ast(X \times X)$ in terms of a canonical lift of the Beauville-Bogomolov class obtained by Markman. We give evidence for this conjecture in the case of the Hilbert scheme of two points of a $K3$ surface and in the case of the Fano variety of lines of a very general cubic fourfold. Moreover, we show that the Fourier decomposition of the Chow ring of $X$ of Shen and Vial agrees with the eigenspace decomposition of a canonical lift …

Techniques for the Analytic Proof of the Finite Generation of the Canonical Ring

This article is written for the Proceedings of the Conference on Current Developments in Mathematics in Harvard University, November 16-17, 2007. It is an exposition of the analytic proof of the finite generation of the canonical ring for a compact complex algebraic manifold of general type. It lists and discusses the main techniques and explains how they are put together in the proof. Of the various main techniques some special attention is given to (i) the technique of discrepancy subspaces and (ii) the technique of subspaces of minimum additional vanishing.

On the finite generation of coordinate rings of affine group schemes over discrete valuation rings

In this short note we prove a finite generation result for the coordinate ring of certain affine group schemes over a discrete valuation ring. This may be used to simplify the use of results of Prasad and Yu on quasi-reductive groups by Mirkovic and Vilonen in their work on geometric Langlands duality.

Canonical surfaces in P^4 and Gorenstein algebras in codimension 2

In this paper I investigate minimal surfaces of general type with p_g=5, q=0 for which the 1-canonical map is a birational morphism onto a surface in P^4 (so called canonical surfaces in P^4) via a structure theorem for the Hilbert resolutions of the canonical rings of the afore-mentioned surfaces, viewed as Gorenstein algebras of codimension 2 over the homogeneous coordinate ring of P^4. I discuss how the ring structure of such an algebra is encoded in its resolution. Among other things I show how this method can be applied to analyze the moduli space of canonical surfaces with p_g=5, q=0, K^…

F-regular and F-pure rings vs. log terminal and log canonical singularities

In this paper, we investigate the relationship of F-regular (resp. F-pure) rings and log terminal (resp. log canonical) singularities. Also, we extend the notions of F-regularity and F-purity to "F-singularities of pairs." The notions of F-regular and F-pure rings in characteristic $p>0$ are characterized by a splitting of the Frobenius map, and define some classes of rings having "mild" singularities. On the other hand, there are notions of log terminal and log canonical singularities defined via resolutions of singularities in characteristic zero. These are defined also for pairs of a normal…

Finite generation of adjoint ring for log surfaces

We prove the finite generation of the adjoint ring for $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial log surfaces over any algebraically closed field.

Finite generation of adjoint rings after Lazic: an introduction

An introduction to all the key ideas of Lazic's proof of the theorem on the finite generation of adjoint rings.

Effective finite generation for adjoint rings

We describe a bound on the degree of the generators for some adjoint rings on surfaces and threefolds.

Note on the semiampleness theorem for the log canonical divisors on klt varieties which are nef and abundant

We give another alternative proof to the Kawamata semiampleness theorem for the log canonical divisors on klt varieties which are nef and abundant. After the first version of this article was posted to the e-print Arxiv, Prof. Fujino notified the author that the quick and essential proof ([Fujino. On Kawamata's theorem.(EMS 2011), Rem 2.7]) is already known. The author would like to thank him. More precisely, Prof. Fujino already gave the quick and essential proof ([Fujino. On Kawamata's thm.(EMS 2011), Rem 2.7], [Fujino. Finite generation of the lc ring in dim 4. (Kyoto J. Math. 50 (2010)), R…

Gorensteinness and iteration of Cox rings for Fano type varieties

We show that finitely generated Cox rings are Gorenstein. This leads to a refined characterization of varieties of Fano type: they are exactly those projective varieties with Gorenstein canonical quasicone Cox ring. We then show that for varieties of Fano type and Kawamata log terminal quasicones, iteration of Cox rings is finite with factorial master Cox ring. Moreover, we prove a relative version of Cox ring iteration for almost principal solvable $G$-bundles.

Singularities of Cox Rings of Fano Varieties

Let $X$ be a smooth complete Fano variety over $\mathbb{C}$. We show that the Cox ring $\bigoplus_{L\in\text{Pic}(X)}H^0(X,\mathcal{O}_X(L))$ is Gorenstein with canonical singularities.

Semi-invariants for concealed-canonical algebras

In the paper is we generalize known descriptions of rings of semi-invariants for regular modules over Euclidean and canonical algebras to arbitrary concealed-canonical algebras.

Canonical rings of Q-divisors on P^1

The canonical ring $S_D = \bigoplus_{d \geq 0} H^0(X, \lfloor dD \rfloor)$ of a divisor D on a curve X is a natural object of study; when D is a Q-divisor, it has connections to projective embeddings of stacky curves and rings of modular forms. We study the generators and relations of S_D for the simplest curve X = P^1. When D contains at most two points, we give a complete description of S_D; for general D, we give bounds on the generators and relations. We also show that the generators (for at most five points) and a Groebner basis of relations between them (for at most four points) depend o…

The equivariant Hilbert series of the canonical ring of Fermat curves

We consider a Fermat curve $F_n:x^n+y^n+z^n=1$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p\geq0$ and study the action of the automorphism group $G=\left(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\right)\rtimes S_3$ on the canonical ring $R=\bigoplus H^0(F_n,Ω_{F_n}^{\otimes m})$ when $p>3$, $p\nmid n$ and $n-1$ is not a power of $p$. In particular, we explicitly determine the classes $[H^0(F_n,Ω_{F_n}^{\otimes m})]$ in the Grothendieck group $K_0(G,k)$ of finitely generated $k[G]$-modules, describe the respective equivariant Hilbert series $H_{R,G}(t)$ as a rational fun…

Test ideals in rings with finitely generated anti-canonical algebras

Many results are known about test ideals and $F$-singularities for ${\bf Q}$-Gorenstein rings. In this paper we generalize many of these results to the case when the symbolic Rees algebra $O_X \oplus O_X(-K_X) \oplus O_X(-2K_X) \oplus ...$ is finitely generated (or more generally, in the log setting for $-K_X - Δ$). In particular, we show that the $F$-jumping numbers of $τ(X, a^t)$ are discrete and rational. We show that test ideals $τ(X)$ can be described by alterations as in Blickle-Schwede-Tucker (and hence show that splinters are strongly $F$-regular in this setting -- recovering a result …

Subcanonical Graded Rings Which Are Not Cohen-Macaulay, with Appendix: A non-Q-Gorenstein Cohen-Macaulay cone X with K_X Q-Cartier

The paper answers a question by Jonathan Wahl,giving examples of regular surfaces S (so their canonical ring is a Gorenstein graded ring) having the following properties: 1) their canonical divisor K_S = rL is a positive multiple of an ample divisor L 2) the graded ring R := R (X,L ) associated to L is not Cohen-Macaulay. In the appendix Wahl shows how these examples lead to the existence of Cohen-Macaulay singularities with K_X Q -Cartier which are not Q -Gorenstein, since their index one cover is not Cohen- Macaulay.

Mori dream spaces of Calabi-Yau type and the log canonicity of the Cox rings

We prove that a Mori dream space over a field of characteristic zero is of Calabi-Yau type if and only if its Cox ring has at worst log canonical singularities. By slightly modifying the arguments we also reprove the characterization of the varieties of Fano type by the log terminality of the Cox rings.

扇形的热带 Feichtner–Yuzvinsky 与正性判据

Tropical Feichtner-Yuzvinsky and positivity criterion for fans

本文建立单纯扇形 Chow 环与其典范紧化热带上同调中间次数部分的同构，证明热带版 Kleiman 丰富性判据，并给出拟阵 Chow 环的新表示。