We prove that every place of an algebraic function field F|K of arbitrary characteristic admits local uniformization in a finite extension F' of F. We show that F'|F can be chosen to be normal. If K is perfect and P is of rank 1, then alternatively, F' can be obtained from F by at most two Galois extensions; if in addition P is zero-dimensional, then we only need one Galois extension. Certain rational places of rank 1 can be uniformized already on F. We introduce the notion of "relative uniformization" for arbitrary finitely generated extensions of valued fields. Our proofs are based solely on valuation theoretical theorems, which are of fundamental importance in positive characteristic.
It is known since the works of Zariski in early 40ies that desingularization of varieties along valuations (called local uniformization of valuations) can be considered as the local part of the desingularization problem. It is still an open problem if local uniformization exists in positive characteristic and dimension larger than three. In this paper, we prove that Zariski local uniformization of algebraic varieties is always possible after a purely inseparable extension of the field of rational functions, i.e. any valuation can be uniformized by a purely inseparable alteration.
The reduction of singularities of codimension one foliations is known in the case of ambient dimension 2 (Seidenberg, A. (1968). Reduction of singularities of the differential equation Ady= Bdx. American Journal of Mathematics, 90(1), 248-269) and 3 (Cano, F. (2004). Reduction of the singularities of codimension one singular foliations in dimension three. Annals of mathematics, 160(3), 907-1011). However, in greater ambient dimension it is still an open problem. In this work we prove the existence of local uniformization for codimension one foliations in arbitrary ambient dimension, in the cas…
We give a simple algorithm showing that the reduction of the multiplicity of a characteristic p>0 hypersurface singularity along a valuation is possible if there is a finite linear projection which is defectless. The method begins with the algorithm of Zariski to reduce multiplicity of hypersuface singularities in characteristic 0 along a valuation. This gives a simple demonstration that the only obstruction to local uniformization in positive characteristic is from defect arising in finite projections of singularities.
We prove that every place $P$ of an algebraic function field $F|K$ of arbitrary characteristic admits local uniformization, provided that the sum of the rational rank of its value group and the transcendence degree of its residue field $FP$ over $K$ is equal to the transcendence degree of $F|K$, and the extension $FP|K$ is separable. We generalize this result to the case where $P$ dominates a regular local Nagata ring $R\subseteq K$ of Krull dimension $\dim R\leq 2$, assuming that the valued field $(K,v_P)$ is defectless, the factor group $v_P F/v_P K$ is torsion-free and the extension of resi…
We prove that every place P of an algebraic function field F|K of arbitrary characteristic admits local uniformization in a finite extension E of F. We show that E|F can be chosen to be Galois, after a finite purely inseparable extension of the ground field K. Instead of being Galois, the extension can also be chosen such that the induced extension EP|FP of the residue fields is purely inseparable and the value group of F only gets divided by the residue characteristic. If F lies in the completion of an Abhyankar place, then no extension of F is needed. Our proofs are based solely on valuation…
Let $k$ be an algebraic closure of a finite field of odd characteristic. We prove that for any rank two graded Higgs bundle with maximal Higgs field over a generic hyperbolic curve $X_1$ defined over $k$, there exists a lifting $X$ of the curve to the ring $W(k)$ of Witt vectors as well as a lifting of the Higgs bundle to a periodic Higgs bundle over $X/W$. As a consequence, it gives rise to a two-dimensional absolutely irreducible representation of the arithmetic fundamental group $π_1(X_K)$ of the generic fiber of $X$. This curve $X$ and its associated representation is in close relation wit…
We show that the metric structure of morphisms $f\colon Y\to X$ between quasi-smooth compact Berkovich curves over an algebraically closed field admits a finite combinatorial description. In particular, for a large enough skeleton $Γ=(Γ_Y,Γ_X)$ of $f$, the sets $N_{f,\ge n}$ of points of $Y$ of multiplicity at least $n$ in the fiber are radial around $Γ_Y$ with the radius changing piecewise monomially along $Γ_Y$. In this case, for any interval $l=[z,y]\subset Y$ connecting a rigid point $z$ to the skeleton, the restriction $f|_l$ gives rise to a $profile$ piecewise monomial function $φ_y\colo…
We construct a torsion-free arithmetic lattice in $\mathrm{PGL}_2(\mathbb{F}_2(\!(t)\!))\times\mathrm{PGL}_2(\mathbb{F}_2(\!(t)\!))$ arising from a quaternion algebra over $\mathbb{F}_2(z)$. It is the fundamental group of a square complex with universal covering $T_3\times T_3$, a product of trees with constant valency $3$, which has minimal Euler characteristic. Furthermore, our lattice gives rise to a fake quadric over $\mathbb{F}_2(\!(t)\!)$ by means of non-archimedean uniformization.
We extend to arbitrary characteristic some known results about automorphisms of complex Enriques surfaces that act trivially on the cohomology or the cohomology modulo torsion.
We prove that a smooth projective variety of dimension n is isomorphic to projective n-space iff the canonical class is -(n+1)-times an ample divisor. In characteristic zero this was proved by Kobayashi-Ochiai. We also extend the second adjunction theorem of Ionescu and Fujita to arbitrary characteristic.
This paper extends previous results of the authors, concerning the behaviour of the equimultiple locus of algebroid surfaces under blowing--up, to arbitrary characteristic.
This paper summarizes the results at the present moment about singularities with respect to the Mather-Jacobian log discrepancies over algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. The basic point is the Inversion of Adjunction with respect to Mather-Jacobian discrepancies holds in arbitrary characteristic. Based on this fact we will reduce many geometric properties of the singularities into the problem on jet schemes and try to avoid discussions which are distinctive for characteristic 0.
We study the classification of plane curve singularities in arbitrary characteristic. We first give a bound for the determinacy of a plane curve singularity with respect to pararametrization equivalence in terms of its conductor. Then we classify parametrization simple plane curve singularities which are irreducible by giving a concrete list of normal forms of equations and parametrizations. In characteristic zero, the classification of parametrization simple irreducible plane curve singularities was achieved by Bruce and Gaffney.
Let $\Bbbk$ be a field of characteristic zero and $G$ be a finite group of automorphisms of projective plane over $\Bbbk$. Castelnuovo's criterion implies that the quotient of projective plane by $G$ is rational if the field $\Bbbk$ is algebraically closed. In this paper we prove that $\mathbb{P}^2_{\Bbbk} / G$ is rational for an arbitrary field $\Bbbk$ of characteristic zero.
In this paper we characterize two-dimensional semi-log canonical hypersurfaces in arbitrary characteristic from the viewpoint of the initial term of the defining equation. As an application, we prove a conjecture about a uniform bound of divisors computing minimal log discrepancies for two dimensional varieties, which is a conjecture by Ishii and also a special case of the conjecture by Mustaţǎ-Nakamura.
The concept of the maximal contact is the key in Hironaka's resolution theory. It treats local theory, and it is not effective in positive characteristics. This is the essential reason why Hironaka's theory treats only the case of characteristic zero. In this article we propose the substitute for the maximal contact, which is effective in any characteristics of the ground field. We replace the maximal contact by a theorem in the theory of torus embeddings. Using essential ideas here, we would like to establish the theory of resolution of singularities in arbitrary characteristics in a global s…
Let $X$ be a smooth variety defined over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic and $Ø_X(H)$ be a very ample line bundle on $X$. We show that for a semistable $X$-bundle $E$ of rank two, there exists an integer $m$ depending only on $Δ(E).H^{\dim(X)-2}$ and $H^{\dim(X)}$ such that the restriction of $E$ to a general divisor in $|mH|$ is again semistable. As corollaries we obtain boundedness results, and weak versions of Bogomolov's theorem and Kodaira's vanishing theorem for surfaces in arbitrary characteristic.
Over $\C$, Henry Laufer classified all taut surface singularities. We adapt and extent his transcendental methods to positive characteristic. With this we show that if a normal surface singularity is taut over $\C$, then the normal surface singularities with isomorphic dual graph over algebraically closed fields of characteristic exponent $p>1$ are taut for all but finitely many $p$. We conjecture that this is actually "if and only if".
We give an elementary construction of an arbitrary differentially closed field and of a universal differential extension of a differential field in terms of Nash function fields. We also give a characterization of any Archimedean ordered differentially closed field in terms of Nash functions.
Atiyah classifies vector bundles on elliptic curves $E$ over an algebraically closed field of any characteristic. On the other hand, a rank $2$ vector bundle on $E$ defines a surface $S$ with a $\mathbb{P}^1$-bundle structure on $E$. We study when $S$ has an elliptic fibration according to the Atiyah's classification, and what kinds of singular fibers appear.
For quantum Hamiltonian reductions in arbitrary characteristics, it is known that derived localization holds if and only if the algebra of global sections has finite global dimension. In this paper we provide an alternative characterization of when derived localization holds: Derived localization holds if and only if it holds for an explicit finite set of (quantized) line bundles. As an application, we prove a new result that there are integral weights for which localization holds on in the positive characteristic hypertoric case for $p$ larger than an explicit bound. We also discuss how deriv…
Let $A$ be an abelian variety over an algebraically closed field. We show that $A$ is the automorphism group scheme of some smooth projective variety if and only if $A$ has only finitely many automorphisms as an algebraic group. This generalizes a result of Lombardo and Maffei for complex abelian varieties.
The goal of this paper is to prove the full geometric Bogomolov conjecture. We first reduce it to the case that the extension of the base fields has transcendence degree 1, and then we prove the later case by intersection theory in algebraic geometry. The proof uses Yamaki's reduction theorem on the geometric Bogomolov conjecture and the Manin--Mumford conjecture proved by Raynaud and Hrushovski.
In this paper, we show that Severi varieties parameterizing irreducible reduced planar curves of a given degree and geometric genus are either empty or irreducible in any characteristic. Following Severi's original idea, this gives a new proof of the irreducibility of the moduli space of smooth projective curves of a given genus in positive characteristic. It is the first proof that involves no reduction to the characteristic zero case. As a further consequence, we generalize Zariski's theorem to positive characteristic and show that a general reduced planar curve of a given geometric genus is…
Using Moriwaki's calculation of the Q-Picard group for the moduli space of curves, I prove the strong Franchetta Conjecture in all characteristics. That is, the canonical class generates the group of rational points on the Picard scheme for the generic curve of genus g>2. Similar results hold for generic pointed curves. Moreover, I show that Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem implies that there are many other nonclosed points in the moduli space of curves with such properties.
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, K an algebraic function field over k, and V a k-valuation ring of K. Zariski's theorem of local uniformization shows that there exist algebraic regular local rings R_i with quotient field K which are dominated by V, and such that the direct union of the R_i's is V. We investigate the ring T, which is the direct union of the completions of the R_i's. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for T to be a valuation ring. We then focus on the case in which the valuation has rank one.
Foliations with small singular set in arbitrary characteristic
Universidade Federal Fluminense（弗鲁米嫩塞联邦大学）；Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, Université de Montpellier（蒙彼利埃亚历山大·格罗滕迪克研究所，蒙彼利埃大学）；Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRMAR, UMR 6625（雷恩大学，法国国家科学研究中心，IRMAR）
We give an algebro-geometric construction of the Hitchin connection, valid also in positive characteristic (with a few exceptions). A key ingredient is a substitute for the Narasimhan-Atiyah-Bott Kähler form that realizes the Chern class of the determinant-of-cohomology line bundle on the moduli space of bundles on a curve. As replacement we use an explicit realisation of the Atiyah class of this line bundle, based on the theory of the trace complex due to Beilinson-Schechtman and Bloch-Esnault.
A new proof for the embedded resolution of surface singularities in a three-dimensional smooth ambient space over algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic. The proof makes use of an upper semicontinuous resolution invariant which prescribes the center in each step of the resolution algorithm. The resolution invariant strictly decreases under each blowup. The definition of the resolution invariant is inspired by the proofs of resolution of singularities in arbitrary dimension over fields of characteristic zero. It was developed in an attempt to generalize these proofs to the sett…
We present scheme theoretic methods that apply to the study of secant varieties. This mainly concerns finite schemes and their smoothability. The theory generalises to the base fields of any characteristic, and even to non-algebraically closed fields. In particular, the smoothability of finite schemes does not depend on the embedding into a smooth variety or on base field extensions. Independent of the base field, secant varieties to high degree Veronese reembeddings behave well with respect to the intersection and they are defined by minors of catalecticants whenever a suitable smoothability …
Let X be a normal affine T-variety of complexity at most one over a perfect field k, where T stands for the split algebraic torus. Our main result is a classification of additive group actions on X that are normalized by the T-action. This generalizes the classification given by the second author in the particular case where k is algebraically closed and of characteristic zero. With the assumption that the characteristic of k is positive, we introduce the notion of rationally homogeneous locally finite iterative higher derivations which corresponds geometrically to additive group actions on af…
In this paper we show that the l^n-torsion part of the cohomological Brauer groups of certain schemes associated to symmetric powers of a projective smooth curve over a separably closed field k are isomorphic, when `l is invertible in k. The schemes considered are the Symmetric powers themselves, then the corresponding Picard schemes and also certain Quot-schemes. We also obtain similar results for Prym varieties associated to certain finite covers of such curves: we prove such results only for curves defined over the field of complex numbers.
The Milnor formula $μ=2δ-r+1$ relates the Milnor number $μ$, the double point number $δ$ and the number $r$ of branches of a plane curve singularity. It holds over the fields of characteristic zero. Melle and Wall based on a result by Deligne proved the inequality $μ\geq 2δ-r+1$ in arbitrary characteristic and showed that the equality $μ=2δ-r+1$ characterizes the singularities with no wild vanishing cycles. In this note we give an account of results on the Milnor formula in characteristic $p$. It holds if the plane singularity is Newton non-degenerate (Boubakri et al. Rev. Mat. Complut. (2010)…
We consider the actions of different groups G on the space M of m x n matrices with entries in the formal power series ring K[[x1,..., xs]], K an arbitrary field. G acts on M by analytic change of coordinates, combined with the multiplication by invertible matrices from the left, the right or from both sides, respectively. This includes right and contact equivalence of functions and mappings, resp. ideals. A is called finitely G-determined if any matrix B, with entries of A-B in <x1,...,xs>^k for some k, is contained in the G-orbit of A. The purpose of this paper is to present algorithms for c…
In this survey paper we give an overview on some aspects of singularities of algebraic varieties over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. We review in particular results on equisingularity of plane curve singularities, classification of hypersurface singularities and determinacy of arbitrary singularities. The section on equisingularity has its roots in two important early papers by Antonio Campillo. One emphasis is on the differences between positive and zero characteristic and on open problems.
The critical loci of a map $f:X\to Y$ between smooth schemes over a field $k$ are the locally closed subschemes $Σ^i(f)\subseteq X$ where the differential of $f$ has constant rank. We prove that if $f : X\to \mathbb A^r$ is the general member of a suitably large linear family of maps from a smooth $k$-scheme $X$ to affine space, then the critical loci $Σ^i(f)$ are smooth, except in characteristic 2 where the first critical locus $Σ^1(f)$ may be singular at a finite set of points. Moreover, we compute the codimensions of the loci of second order singularities of such general maps $f :X \to \mat…
Let $G$ be a split reductive group over a field $k$ of arbitrary characteristic, chosen suitably. Let $X\to S$ be a smooth projective morphism of locally noetherian $k$-schemes, with geometrically connected fibers. We show that for each Harder-Narasimhan type $τ$ for principal $G$-bundles, all pairs consisting of a principal $G$-bundle on a fiber of $X\to S$ together with a given canonical reduction of HN-type $τ$ form an algebraic stack $Bun_{X/S}^τ(G)$ over $S$. The forgetful $1$-morphism $Bun_{X/S}^τ(G) \to Bun_{X/S}(G)$ to the algebraic stack of all principal $G$-bundles on fibers of $X\to…
We obtain an effective version of Matsusaka's theorem for arbitrary smooth algebraic surfaces in positive characteristic, which provides an effective bound on the multiple which makes an ample line bundle D very ample. The proof for pathological surfaces is based on a Reider-type theorem. As a consequence, a Kawamata-Viehweg-type vanishing theorem is proved for arbitrary smooth algebraic surfaces in positive characteristic.
Let $k$ be \emph{any} algebraically closed field in any characteristic, let $R$ be any regular local ring such that $R$ contains $k$ as a subring, the residue field of $R$ is isomorphic to $k$ as $k$-algebras and $\dim R\geq 1$, let $P$ be any parameter system of $R$ and let $z\in P$. We consider any $ϕ\in R$ with $ϕ\neq 0$. In our main theorem we assume several conditions depending on $P$, $z$ and Newton polyhedrons. By our assumptions the normal fan $Σ$ of the Newton polyhedron $Γ_+(P,ϕ)$ of $ϕ$ over $P$ has simple structure and we can make a special regular subdivision $Σ^*$ of $Σ$ called a…
It is known that Chern characteristic numbers of compact complex manifolds cannot have arbitrary values. They satisfy certain divisability conditions. W. Ebeling and S. M. Gusein-Zade gave a definition of Chern characteristic numbers of singular compact complex analytic varieties. We prove that there exists a singular projective variety with an arbitrary set of characteristic numbers.
Let $k$ be a field of arbitrary characteristic. Let $S$ be a singular surface defined over $k$ with multiple rational curve singularities and suppose that the Chow group of zero cycles of its normalisation $\tilde{S}$ is finite dimensional. We give numerical conditions under which the Chow group of zero cycles of $S$ is finite dimensional.
We prove that there exists a supersingular nonsingular curve of genus $4$ in arbitrary characteristic $p$. For $p>3$ we shall prove that the desingularization of a certain fiber product over $\mathbb{P}^1$ of two supersingular elliptic curves is supersingular.
We prove a conjecture of Milne pertaining to the existence of integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of abelian type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic $(0,p)$. As an application we prove for $p=2$ a motivic conjecture of Milne pertaining to integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type.
We extend the recent classification of Hilbert schemes with two Borel-fixed points to arbitrary characteristic. We accomplish this by synthesizing Reeves' algorithm for generating strongly stable ideals with the basic properties of Borel-fixed ideals and our previous work classifying Hilbert schemes with unique Borel-fixed points.
We prove a theorem of Tits type for automorphism groups of projective varieties over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic, which was first conjectured by Keum, Oguiso and Zhang for complex projective varieties.
We show an analogue of Jordan's theorem for algebraic groups defined over a field $\mathbb k$ of arbitrary characteristic. As a consequence, a Jordan-type property holds for the automorphism group of any projective variety over $\mathbb k$.
