This is the fourth of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous ones. Let $f:X\to C$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a curve $C$ whose general fibers are rational surfaces.
Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$.
We study del Pezzo fibrations of degree 1 with terminal singularities. A connection between singularities on del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 and Kodaira's classification of elliptic singular fibers will be studied in this paper. By this investigation we obtain several results on birational maps of del Pezzo fibrations of degree 1 with terminal singularities.
In this paper we prove that del Pezzo fibrations admit $\mathbb{G}_{a}^{3}$-structures if and only if they are $\mathbb{P}^2$-bundles over $\mathbb{P}^{1}$.
We consider threefold del Pezzo fibrations over a curve germ whose central fiber is non-rational. Under the additional assumption that the singularities of the total space are at worst ordinary double points, we apply a suitable base change and show that there is a 1-to-1 correpspondence between such fibrations and certain non-singular del Pezzo fibrations equipped with a cyclic group action.
Del Pezzo fibrations appear as minimal models of rationally connected varieties. The rationality of smooth del Pezzo fibrations is a well studied question but smooth fibrations are not dense in moduli. Little is known about the rationality of the singular models. We prove birational rigidity, hence non-rationality, of del Pezzo fibrations with simple non-Gorenstein singularities satisfying the famous $K^2$-condition. We then apply this result to study embeddings of $\operatorname{PSL}_2(7)$ into the Cremona group.
In this paper we give a criterion for birational rigidity of del Pezzo fibrations of degree 1 and 2 with only quotient singularities. As an application, we prove birational rigidity of suitable del Pezzo fibrations admitting an action of the Klein simple group.
The main aim of this article is to show that a very general 3-dimensional del Pezzo fibration of degree 1,2,3 is not stably rational except for a del Pezzo fibration of degree 3 belonging to explicitly described 2 families. Higher dimensional generalizations are also discussed and we prove that a very general del Pezzo fibration of degree 1,2,3 defined over the projective space is not stably rational provided that the anticanonical divisor is not ample.
This is a report of the author's talk at Algebra Symposium 2019 held at Tohoku University. We discuss some improvements of Mori's Bend and Break for sections of del Pezzo fibrations over $\mathbb P^1$.
We discuss the rigidity problem for Mori fibrations on del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1, 2 and 3 over ${\mathbb P}^1$ and formulate the following conjecture: such a del Pezzo fibration $V/{\mathbb P}^1$ is birationally rigid if and only if its quasi-effective and adjunction thresholds coincide. We prove the "only if" part of this conjecture.
Varieties fibered into del Pezzo surfaces form a class of possible outputs of the minimal model program. It is known that del Pezzo fibrations of degrees $1$ and $2$ over the projective line with smooth total space satisfying the so-called $K^2$-condition are birationally rigid: their Mori fibre space structure is unique. This implies that they are not birational to any Fano varieties, conic bundles or other del Pezzo fibrations. In particular, they are irrational. The families of del Pezzo fibrations with smooth total space of degree $2$ are rather special, as for "most" families a general de…
We prove that a terminal three-dimensional del Pezzo fibration has no fibers of multiplicity $\ge 6$. We also obtain a rough classification possible configurations of singular points on multiple fibers and give some examples.
By Jahnke-Peternell-Radloff and Takeuchi, almost Fano threefolds with del Pezzo fibrations were classified. Among them, there exists 10 classes such that the existence of members of these was not proved. In this paper, we construct such examples belonging to each of 10 classes.
We present a series of del Pezzo fibrations of degree $2$ admitting an action of the Klein simple group and prove their nonrationality by the reduction modulo $p$ method of Kollár. This is relevant to embeddings of the Klein simple group into the Cremona group of rank $3$.
We develop a strategy to classify the components of the space of sections of a del Pezzo fibration over $\mathbb{P}^{1}$. In particular, we prove the Movable Bend and Break lemma for del Pezzo fibrations. Our approach is motivated by Geometric Manin's Conjecture and proves upper bounds on the associated counting function. We also give applications to enumerativity of Gromov-Witten invariants and to the study of the Abel-Jacobi map.
We refine the classification of weak Fano threefolds with sextic del Pezzo fibrations by considering the Hodge numbers of them. By the refined classification result, such threefolds are classified into 17 cases. The main result of this paper is to show that there exists an example for each of 17 cases, except for 2 cases.
We show that a del Pezzo fibration $π$ : V $\rightarrow$ W of degre d contains a vertical open cylinder, that is, an open subset whose intersection with the generic fiber of $π$ is isomorphic to $Z\times\mathbb{A}_{K}^{1}$ for some quasi-projective variety Z defined over the function field K of W , if and only if d $\ge$ 5 and $π$ : V $\rightarrow$ W admits a rational section. We also construct twisted cylinders in total spaces of threefold del Pezzo fibrations $π$ : V $\rightarrow$ P 1 of degree d $\le$ 4.
This article treats smooth weak Fano 3-folds having an extremal ray of type D. Smooth weak Fano 3-folds with an extremal ray of type D except of degree 6 are classified into 47 deformation types.
In this paper, we show that there is a natural Lagrangian fibration structure on the map $Φ$ from the cotangent bundle of a del Pezzo surface $X$ of degree 4 to $\mathbb C^2$. Moreover, we describe explicitly all level surfaces of the above natural map $Φ$.
In this paper, we study a sextic del Pezzo fibration over a curve comprehensively. We obtain certain formulae of several basic invariants of such a fibration. We also establish the embedding theorem of such a fibration which asserts that every such a fibration is a relative linear section of a Mori fiber space with the general fiber $(\mathbb{P}^{1})^{3}$ and that with the general fiber $(\mathbb{P}^{2})^{2}$. As an application of this embedding theorem, we classify singular fibers of such a fibrations and answer a question of T. Fujita about existence of non-normal fibers.
We consider $\mathbb{P}(1,1,1,2)$ bundles over $\mathbb{P}^1$ and construct hypersurfaces of these bundles which form a degree 2 del Pezzo fibration over $\mathbb{P}^1$ as a Mori fibre space. We classify all such hypersurfaces whose type $\III$ or $\IV$ Sarkisov links pass to a different Mori fibre space. A similar result for cubic surface fibrations over $\mathbb{P}^2$ is also presented.
We give a sufficient condition for birational superrigidity of del Pezzo fibrations of degree $1$ with only $\frac{1}{2} (1,1,1)$ singular points, generalizing the so called $K^2$-condition. As an application, we also prove that a del Pezzo fibrations of degree $1$ with only $\frac{1}{2} (1,1,1)$ singular points embedded in a toric $\mathbb{P} (1,1,2,3)$-bundle over $\mathbb{P}^1$ is birationally superrigid if and only if it satisfies the $K$-condition.
Let $X$ be a del Pezzo surface over the function field of a complex curve. We study the behavior of rational points on $X$ leading to bounds on the counting function in Geometric Manin's Conjecture. A key tool is the Movable Bend and Break Lemma which yields an inductive approach to classifying relatively free sections for a del Pezzo fibration over a curve. Using this lemma we prove Geometric Manin's Conjecture for certain split del Pezzo surfaces of degree $\geq 2$ admitting a birational morphism to $\mathbb P^2$ over the ground field.
We construct a standard birational model (a model that has Gorenstein canonical singularities) for the three-dimensional del Pezzo fibrations ${ π\colon X \longrightarrow C }$ of degree $1$ and relative Picard number $1$. We also embed the standard model into the relative weighted projective space $\mathbb{P}_C (1,1,2,3)$. Our construction works in the $G$-equivariant category where $G$ is a finite group.
We study certain pencils of del Pezzo surfaces generated by a smooth del Pezzo surface S of degree less or equal to 3 anti-canonically embedded into a weighted projective space P and an appropriate multiple of a hyperplane H. Our main observation is that every minimal model program relative to the morphism lifting such pencil on a suitable resolution of its indeterminacies preserves the open subset P H â A^3. As an application, we obtain projective completions of A^3 into del Pezzo fibrations over P^1 of every degree less or equal to 4. We also obtain completions of A^3 into Mori conic bundles…
This paper is devoted to the study of a certain class of principal bundles on del Pezzo surfaces, which were introduced and studied by Friedman and Morgan in \cite{FMdP}: The two authors showed that there exists a unique principal bundle (up to isomorphism) on a given (Gorenstein) del Pezzo surface satisfying certain properties. We call these bundles {\em almost regular}. In turn, we study them in families. In this case, the existence and the moduli of these bundles are governed by the cohomology groups of an abelian sheaf ${\mathscr A}$: On a given del Pezzo fibration, the existence of an alm…
We provide a semiorthogonal decomposition for the derived category of fibrations of quintic del Pezzo surfaces with rational Gorenstein singularities. There are three components, two of which are equivalent to the derived categories of the base and the remaining non-trivial component is equivalent to the derived category of a flat and finite of degree 5 scheme over the base. We introduce two methods for the construction of the decomposition. One is the moduli space approach following the work of Kuznetsov on the sextic del Pezzo fibrations and the components are given by the derived categories…
A degree one del Pezzo surface is the blowup of P^2 at 8 general points. By the classical Cayley-Bacharach Theorem, there is a unique 9th point whose blowup produces a rational elliptic surface with a section. Via this relationship, we construct a stable pair compactification of the moduli space of anti-canonically polarized degree one del Pezzo surfaces.
We classify quartic del Pezzo surface fibrations over the projective line via numerical invariants, giving explicit examples for small values of the invariants. For generic such fibrations, we describe explicitly the geometry of spaces of sections to the fibration, and mappings to the intermediate Jacobian of the total space. We exhibit examples where these are birational, which has applications to arithmetic questions, especially over finite fields.
Let $X$ be a general divisor in $|3M+nL|$ on the rational scroll $\mathrm{Proj}(\oplus_{i=1}^{4}\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{1}}(d_{i}))$, where $d_{i}$ and $n$ are integers, $M$ is the tautological line bundle, $L$ is a fibre of the natural projection to $\mathbb{P}^{1}$, and $d_{1}\geqslant...\geqslant d_{4}=0$. We prove that $X$ is rational $\iff$ $d_{1}=0$ and $n=1$.
We develop some concrete methods to build Sarkisov links, starting from Mori fibre spaces. This is done by studying low rank Cox rings and their properties. As part of this development, we give an algorithm to construct explicitly the coarse moduli space of a toric Deligne-Mumford stack. This can be viewed as the generalisation of the notion of well-formedness for weighted projective spaces to homogeneous coordinate ring of toric varieties. As an illustration, we apply these methods to study birational transformations of certain fibrations of del Pezzo surfaces over $\mathbb{P}^1$, into other …
A known conjecture of Grinenko in birational geometry asserts that a Mori fibre space with the structure of del Pezzo fibration of low degree is birationally rigid if and only if its anticanonical class is an interior point in the cone of mobile divisors. The conjecture is proved to be true for smooth models (with a generality assumption for degree 3). It is speculated that the conjecture holds for, at least, Gorenstein models in degree 1 and 2. In this article, I present a (Gorenstein) counterexample in degree 2 to this conjecture.
Markushevich and Tikhomirov provided a construction of an irreducible symplectic V-manifold of dimension 4, the relative compactified Prym variety of a family of curves with involution, which is a Lagrangian fibration with polarization of type (1,2). We give a characterization of the dual Lagrangian fibration. We also identify the moduli space of Lagrangian fibrations of this type and show that the duality defines a rational involution on it.
We prove a criterion of nonsingularity of a complete intersection of two fiberwise quadrics in a scroll over $P^1$. As a corollary we derive the following addition to the Alexeev theorem on rationality of standard Del Pezzo fibrations of degree 4 over $P^1$: we prove that any fibration of this kind with the topological Euler characteristic -4 is rational.
An asymptotic formula is established for the number of rational points of bounded height on a non-singular quartic del Pezzo surface with a conic bundle structure.
We prove that the group of birational transformations of a Del Pezzo fibration of degree 3 over a curve is not simple, by giving a surjective group homomorphism to a free product of infinitely many groups of order 2. As a consequence we also obtain that the Cremona group of rank 3 is not generated by birational maps preserving a rational fibration. Besides, its subgroup generated by all connected algebraic subgroups is a proper normal subgroup.
Motivated by the relationship between numerical Grothendieck groups induced by the embedding of a smooth anticanonical elliptic curve into a del Pezzo surface, we define the notion of a quasi del Pezzo homomorphism between pseudolattices and establish its basic properties. The primary aim of the paper is then to prove a classification theorem for quasi del Pezzo homomorphisms, using a pseudolattice variant of the minimal model program. Finally, this result is applied to the classification of a certain class of genus one Lefschetz fibrations over discs.
We study the birational rigidity problem for smooth Mori fibrations on del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 and 2. For degree 1 we obtain a complete description of rigid and non-rigid cases.
Given any smooth cubic curve $E\subseteq \mathbb{P}^2$, we show that the complex affine structure of the special Lagrangian fibration of $\mathbb{P}^2\setminus E$ constructed by Collins--Jacob--Lin arXiv:1904.08363 coincides with the affine structure used in Carl--Pomperla--Siebert for constructing mirror. Moreover, we use the Floer-theoretical gluing method to construct a mirror using immersed Lagrangians, which is shown to agree with the mirror constructed by Carl--Pomperla--Siebert.
Let Q -> B be a quadric fibration and T -> B a family of sextic du Val del Pezzo surfaces. Making use of the recent theory of noncommutative mixed motives, we establish a precise relation between the Schur-finiteness conjecture for Q, resp. for T, and the Schur-finiteness conjecture for B. As an application, we prove the Schur-finiteness conjecture for Q, resp. for T, when B is low-dimensional. Along the way, we obtain a proof of the Schur-finiteness conjecture for smooth complete intersections of two or three quadric hypersurfaces. Finally, we prove similar results for the Bass-finiteness con…
We exhibit new examples of rational cubic fourfolds, parametrized by a countably infinite union of codimension-two subvarieties in the moduli space. Our examples are fibered in sextic del Pezzo surfaces over the projective plane; they are rational whenever the fibration has a rational section.
Let X be a smooth, complex Fano variety. For every prime divisor D in X, we set c(D):=dim ker(r:H^2(X,R)->H^2(D,R)), where r is the natural restriction map, and we define an invariant of X as c_X:=max{c(D)|D is a prime divisor in X}. In a previous paper we showed that c_X<9, and that if c_X>2, then either X is a product, or X has a flat fibration in Del Pezzo surfaces. In this paper we study the case c_X=2. We show that up to a birational modification given by a sequence of flips, X has a conic bundle structure, or an equidimensional fibration in Del Pezzo surfaces. We also show a weaker prope…
We use classification of non-symplectic automorphisms of K3 surfaces to obtain a partial classification of log del Pezzo surfaces of index three. We can classify those with "Multiple Smooth Divisor Property", whose definition we will give. Our methods include the definition of right resolutions of quotient singularities of index three and some analysis of automorphism-stable elliptic fibrations on K3 surfaces. In particular we find several log del Pezzo surfaces of Picard number one with non-toric singularities of index three.
