In [K--S 1] it was shown that
$$ \underset π \to {\text{Ave}} (\sum_{i=1}^{n}|x_i a_{π(i)}|^2)^{\frac {1}{2}} $$
is equivalent to an Orlicz norm whose Orlicz function is 2-concave. Here we give a formula for the sequence $a_1, a_2,....,a_n$ so that the above expression is equivalent to a given Orlicz norm.
Given a strictly increasing, continuous function $\vartheta:\R_+\to\R_+$, based on the cost functional $\int_{X\times X}\vartheta(d(x,y))\,d q(x,y)$, we define the $L^\vartheta$-Wasserstein distance $W_\vartheta(μ,ν)$ between probability measures $μ,ν$ on some metric space $(X,d)$. The function $\vartheta$ will be assumed to admit a representation $\vartheta=ϕ\circψ$ as a composition of a convex and a concave function $ϕ$ and $ψ$, resp. Besides convex functions and concave functions this includes all $\mathcal C^2$ functions. For such functions $\vartheta$ we extend the concept of Orlicz space…
We deal with Orlicz-Sobolev embeddings in open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$. A necessary and sufficient condition is established for the existence of an optimal, i.e. largest possible, Orlicz-Sobolev space continuously embedded into a given Orlicz space. Moreover, the optimal Orlicz-Sobolev space is exhibited whenever it exists. Parallel questions are addressed for Orlicz-Sobolev embeddings into Orlicz spaces with respect to a Frostman measure, and, in particular, for trace embeddings on the boundary.
In this note we prove that $\frac{1}{n!} \sum_π (\sum_{i=1}^n |x_i a_{i,π(i)} |^2)^{1/2}$ is equivalent to a Musielak-Orlicz norm $\norm{x}_{\sum M_i}$. We also obtain the inverse result, i.e., given the Orlicz functions, we provide a formula for the choice of the matrix that generates the corresponding Musielak-Orlicz norm. As a consequence, we obtain the embedding of 2-concave Musielak-Orlicz spaces into L_1.
The optimal Orlicz target space is exhibited for embeddings of fractional-order Orlicz-Sobolev spaces in $\mathbb R^n$. An improved embedding with an Orlicz-Lorentz target space, which is optimal in the broader class of all rearrangement-invariant spaces, is also established. Both spaces of order $s\in (0,1)$, and higher-order spaces are considered. Related Hardy type inequalities are proposed as well. An extension theorem is proved, that enables us to derive embeddings for spaces defined in Lipschitz domains. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the compactness of fractional Orlicz-Sobolev…
We provide a necessary condition on the regularity of domains for the optimal embeddings of first order (and higher order) Orlicz-Sobolev spaces into Orlicz spaces in the sense of \cite{Cia96} (and \cite{Cia06}).
Orlicz-Lorentz spaces provide a common generalization of Orlicz spaces and Lorentz spaces. In this paper, we investigate their Boyd indices. Bounds on the Boyd indices in terms of the Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of the defining functions are given. Also, we give an example to show that the Boyd indices and Zippin indices of an Orlicz-Lorentz space need not be equal, answering a question of Maligranda. Finally, we show how the Boyd indices are related to whether an Orlicz-Lorentz space is p-convex or q-concave.
We give a sufficient (and, in the case of a compact domain, a necessary) condition for the embedding of Sobolev space of functions with integrable gradient into Besov-Orlicz spaces to be bounded. The condition has a form of a simple integral inequality involving Young and weight functions. We provide an example with Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of involved Orlicz norm equal to one. The main tool is the molecular decomposition of functions from a BV space.
In this paper we present a method for determining whether there exists a largest Orlicz space $L^A(Ω)$ satisfying the Sobolev embedding $W^mL^A(Ω) \to Y(Ω)$ where $Y(Ω)$ stands for an arbitrary so-called Marcinkiewicz endpoint space. The tool developed in this work enables us to investigate the optimality of Orlicz domain spaces in Sobolev embeddings and also in Sobolev trace embeddings on domains $Ω$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with various regularity.
Let $M$ be a non-degenerate Orlicz function such that there exist $\ep > 0$ and $0 < s < 1$ with $\su M(\ep s^i)/M(s^i) < \infty$. It is shown that the Orlicz sequence space $h_M$ is isomorphic to a subspace of $C(\om^\om)$. It is also shown that for any non-degenerate Orlicz function $M$, $h_M$ does not embed into $C(\al)$ for any $\al < \om^\om$.
We give an almost complete description of the coarse and uniform embeddability between Orlicz sequence spaces. We show that the embeddability between two Orlicz sequence spaces is in most cases determined only by the values of their upper Matuszewska-Orlicz indices. On the other hand, we present examples which show that sometimes the embeddability is not determined by the values of these indices.
A necessary and sufficient condition for fractional Orlicz-Sobolev spaces to be continuously embedded into $L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$ is exhibited. Under the same assumption, any function from the relevant fractional-order spaces is shown to be continuous. Improvements of this result are also offered. They provide the optimal Orlicz target space, and the optimal rearrangement-invariant target space in the embedding in question. These results complement those already available in the subcritical case, where the embedding into $L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$ fails. They also augment a classical embedding t…
We study point-wise estimates for the modified Riesz potential. We show that the point-wise estimates imply embeddings into Orlicz spaces from the L^1_p-space where the functions are defined in non-smooth domains. The Orlicz functions depend on the geometry of the domain. We show that the Orlicz function is optimal when p=1.
In this paper, several weak Orlicz-Hardy martingale spaces associated with concave functions are introduced, and some weak atomic decomposition theorems for them are established. With the help of weak atomic decompositions, a sufficient condition for a sublinear operator defined on the weak Orlicz-Hardy martingale spaces to be bounded is given. Further, we investigate the duality of weak Orlicz-Hardy martingale spaces and obtain a new John-Nirenberg type inequality when the stochastic basis is regular. These results can be regarded as weak versions of the Orlicz-Hardy martingale spaces due to …
In this article, we show that Orlicz-Lorentz spaces $\ell^n_{M,a}$, $n\in\mathbb N$ with Orlicz function $M$ and weight sequence $a$ are uniformly isomorphic to subspaces of $L_1$ if the norm $\|\cdot\|_{M,a}$ satisfies certain Hardy-type inequalities. This includes the embedding of some Lorentz spaces $d^n(a,p)$. Our approach is based on combinatorial averaging techniques and we prove a new result of independent interest that relates suitable averages with Orlicz-Lorentz norms.
Several local geometric properties of Orlicz space $L_ϕ$ are presented for an increasing Orlicz function $ϕ$ which is not necessarily convex, and thus $L_ϕ$ does not need to be a Banach space. In addition to monotonicity of $ϕ$ it is supposed that $ϕ(u^{1/p})$ is convex for some $p>0$ which is equivalent to that its lower Matuszewska-Orlicz index $α_ϕ>0$. Such spaces are locally bounded and are equipped with natural quasi-norms. Therefore many local geometric properties typical for Banach spaces can also be studied in those spaces. The techniques however have to be different, since duality the…
By a stronger compact boundary embedding theorem in Musielak-Orlicz-Sobolev space developed in the paper, variational method is employed to deal with the nonlinear elliptic equation with the nonlinear Neumann boundary condition in the framework of Musielak-Orlicz-Sobolev space.
We consider a sequence of positive smooth critical points of the Adams-Moser-Trudinger embedding of $H^m_0$ into Orlicz spaces. We study its concentration-compactness behavior and show that if the sequence is not precompact, then the liminf of the $H^m_0$-norms of the functions is greater than or equal to a positive geometric constant.
We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the coincidence, up to equivalence of the norms, between strong and weak Orlicz spaces. Roughly speaking, this coincidence holds true only for the so-called exponential spaces. We find also the exact value of the embedding constant which appears in the corresponding norm inequality.
We construct an analytic self-map $ϕ$ of the unit disk and an Orlicz function $Ψ$ for which the composition operator of symbol $ϕ$ is compact on the Hardy-Orlicz space $H^Ψ$, but not compact on the Bergman-Orlicz space ${\mathfrak B}^Ψ$. For that, we first prove a Carleson embedding theorem, and then characterize the compactness of composition operators on Bergman-Orlicz spaces, in terms of Carleson function (of order 2). We show that this Carleson function is equivalent to the Nevanlinna counting function of order 2.
Let $1\le p<q\le\infty$ and let $T$ be a subadditive operator acting on $L^p$ and $L^q$. We prove that $T$ is bounded on the Orlicz space $L^ϕ$, where $ϕ^{-1}(u)=u^{1/p}ρ(u^{1/q-1/p})$ for some concave function $ρ$ and \[ \|T\|_{L^ϕ\to L^ϕ}\le C\max\{\|T\|_{L^p\to L^p},\|T\|_{L^q\to L^q}\}. \] The interpolation constant $C$, in general, is less than 4 and, in many cases, we can give much better estimates for $C$. In particular, if $p=1$ and $q=\infty$, then the classical Orlicz interpolation theorem holds for subadditive operators with the interpolation constant C=1. These results generalize o…
We prove a bi-sublinear embedding for semigroups generated by non-smooth complex-coefficient elliptic operators in divergence form and for certain mutually dual pairs of Orlicz-space norms. This generalizes a result by Carbonaro and Dragičević from power functions to more general Young functions that still behave like powers. To achieve this, we generalize a Bellman function constructed by Nazarov and Treil.
Let $\Ps(\N)$ be the set of all finite subsets of $\N$, endowed with the product topology. A description of the compact subsets of $\Ps(\N)$ is given. Two applications of this result to Banach space theory are shown : (1) a characterization of the symmetric sequence spaces which embed into $C(\om^\om)$, and (2) a characterization, in terms of the Orlicz function $M$, of the Orlicz sequence spaces $h_M$ which embed into $C(K)$ for some countable compact Hausdorff space $K$.
We study the precise asymptotic volume of balls in Orlicz spaces and show that the volume of the intersection of two Orlicz balls undergoes a phase transition when the dimension of the ambient space tends to infinity. This generalizes a result of Schechtman and Schmuckenschläger [GAFA, Lecture notes in Math. 1469 (1991), 174--178] for $\ell_p^d$-balls. As another application, we determine the precise asymptotic volume ratio for $2$-concave Orlicz spaces $\ell_M^d$. Our method rests on ideas from statistical mechanics and large deviations theory, more precisely the maximum entropy or Gibbs prin…
An old problem of P. Levy is to characterize those Banach spaces which embed isometrically in $L_p.$ We show a new criterion in terms of the second derivative of the norm. As an application, we show that if $M$ is a twice differentiable Orlicz function with $M'(0)=M''(0)=0$ then the $n$-dimensional Orlicz space $\ell_M^n,\ n\ge 3,$ does not embed isometrically in $L_p$ with $0<p\le 2.$ These results generalize and clear up the recent solution to the 1938 Schoenberg's problem on positive definite functions.
Given a normalized Orlicz function $M$ we provide an easy formula for a distribution such that, if $X$ is a random variable distributed accordingly and $X_1,...,X_n$ are independent copies of $X$, then the expected value of the p-norm of the vector $(x_iX_i)_{i=1}^n$ is of the order $\| x \|_M$ (up to constants dependent on p only). In case $p=2$ we need the function $t\mapsto tM'(t) - M(t)$ to be 2-concave and as an application immediately obtain an embedding of the corresponding Orlicz spaces into $L_1[0,1]$. We also provide a general result replacing the $\ell_p$-norm by an arbitrary $N$-no…
We discuss the optimality of Cwikel-Solomyak estimates for the uniform operator norm and establish optimality of M.Z Solomyak's results \cite{Solomyak1995} within the class of Orlicz spaces. Our methods are based on finding the optimal version of the Sobolev embedding theorem.
We give embedding theorems for weighted Bergman-Orlicz spaces on the ball and then apply our results to the study of composition operators in this context. As one of the motivations of this work, we show that there exist some weighted Bergman-Orlicz spaces, different from $H^{\infinity}$, on which every composition operator is bounded.
Factorization and Atomic Decomposition in Hardy-Orlicz Spaces on the Upper Half-Plane with Applications to Hankel Operators
Unité de Recherche et d’Expertise Numérique, Université Virtuelle de Côte d’Ivoire(科特迪瓦虚拟大学数字研究与专家单位);Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UFR Mathématiques − - Informatique, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan-Cocody(费利克斯·乌弗埃-博瓦尼大学阿比让-科科迪校区数学与信息科学学院数学与应用实验室);Department of Mathematics, University of Ghana(加纳大学数学系)
In mathematical modelling, the data and solutions are represented as measurable functions and their quality is oftentimes captured by the membership to a certain function space. One of the core questions for an analysis of a model is the mutual relationship between the data and solution quality. The optimality of the obtained results deserves a special focus. It requires a careful choice of families of function spaces balancing between their expressivity, i.e. the ability to capture fine properties of the model, and their accessibility, i.e. its technical difficulty for practical use. This pap…
We prove optimal embeddings for nonlinear approximation spaces in terms of weighted Lorentz sequence spaces, with the weights depending on the democracy functions of the basis. As applications we recover known embeddings for $N$-term wavelet approximation in Lebesgue, Orlicz, and Lorentz norms. We also study the "greedy classes" introduced by Gribonval and Nielsen.
This paper is devoted to the description of the lack of compactness of $H^1_{rad}(\R^2)$ in the Orlicz space. Our result is expressed in terms of the concentration-type examples derived by P. -L. Lions. The approach that we adopt to establish this characterization is completely different from the methods used in the study of the lack of compactness of Sobolev embedding in Lebesgue spaces and take into account the variational aspect of Orlicz spaces. We also investigate the feature of the solutions of non linear wave equation with exponential growth, where the Orlicz norm plays a decisive role.
In this paper, we investigate the lack of compactness of the Sobolev embedding of $H^1(\R^2)$ into the Orlicz space $L^{ϕ_p}(\R^2)$ associated to the function $ϕ_p$ defined by $ϕ_p(s):={\rm{e}^{s^2}}-\Sum_{k=0}^{p-1} \frac{s^{2k}}{k!}\cdot$ We also undertake the study of a nonlinear wave equation with exponential growth where the Orlicz norm $\|.\|_{L^{ϕ_p}}$ plays a crucial role. This study includes issues of global existence, scattering and qualitative study.
A comprehensive approach to Sobolev-type embeddings, involving arbitrary rearrangement- invariant norms on the entire Euclidean space R^n, is offered. In particular, the optimal target space in any such embedding is exhibited. Crucial in our analysis is a new reduction principle for the relevant embeddings, showing their equivalence to a couple of considerably simpler one-dimensional inequalities. Applications to the classes of the Orlicz-Sobolev and the Lorentz-Sobolev spaces are also presented. These contributions fill in a gap in the existing literature, where sharp results in such a genera…
Let $L$ be the divergence form elliptic operator with complex bounded measurable coefficients, $ω$ the positive concave function on $(0,\infty)$ of strictly critical lower type $p_\oz\in (0, 1]$ and $ρ(t)={t^{-1}}/ω^{-1}(t^{-1})$ for $t\in (0,\infty).$ In this paper, the authors study the Orlicz-Hardy space $H_{ω,L}({\mathbb R}^n)$ and its dual space $\mathrm{BMO}_{ρ,L^\ast}({\mathbb R}^n)$, where $L^\ast$ denotes the adjoint operator of $L$ in $L^2({\mathbb R}^n)$. Several characterizations of $H_{ω,L}({\mathbb R}^n)$, including the molecular characterization, the Lusin-area function characte…
Let $Φ$ be a concave function on $(0,\infty)$ of strictly lower type $p_Φ\in(0,1]$ and $ω\in A^{\mathop\mathrm{loc}}_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. We introduce the weighted local Orlicz-Hardy space $h^Φ_ω(\mathbb{R}^n)$ via the local grand maximal function. Let $ρ(t)\equiv t^{-1}/Φ^{-1}(t^{-1})$ for all $t\in(0,\infty)$. We also introduce the $\mathop\mathrm{BMO}$-type space $\mathop\mathrm{bmo}_{ρ,\,ω}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and establish the duality between $h^Φ_ω(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $\mathop\mathrm{bmo}_{ρ,\,ω}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Several real-varaiable characterizations of $h^Φ_ω(\mathbb{R}^n)$ are presente…
Let $Ω$ be either $\mathbb{R}^n$ or a strongly Lipschitz domain of $\mathbb{R}^n$, and $ω\in A_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ (the class of Muckenhoupt weights). Let $L$ be a second order divergence form elliptic operator on $L^2 (Ω)$ with the Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition, and assume that the heat semigroup generated by $L$ has the Gaussian property $(G_1)$ with the regularity of their kernels measured by $μ\in(0,1]$. Let $Φ$ be a continuous, strictly increasing, subadditive, positive and concave function on $(0,\infty)$ of critical lower type index $p_Φ^-\in(0,1]$. In this paper, the auth…
Let ${\mathcal X}$ be a metric space with doubling measure, $L$ a nonnegative self-adjoint operator in $L^2({\mathcal X})$ satisfying the Davies-Gaffney estimate, $ω$ a concave function on $(0,\infty)$ of strictly lower type $p_ω\in (0, 1]$ and $ρ(t)={t^{-1}}/ω^{-1}(t^{-1})$ for all $t\in (0,\infty).$ The authors introduce the Orlicz-Hardy space $H_{ω,L}({\mathcal X})$ via the Lusin area function associated to the heat semigroup, and the BMO-type space ${\mathop\mathrm{BMO}_{ρ,L}(\mathcal X)}$. The authors then establish the duality between $H_{ω,L}({\mathcal X})$ and $\mathrm{BMO}_{ρ,L}({\mat…
We completely characterize the validity of the inequality $\|u\|_{Y(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C \|\nabla^m u\|_{X(\mathbb{R}^n)}$, where $X$ and $Y$ are rearrangement-invariant spaces, by reducing it to a considerably simpler one-dimensional inequality. Furthermore, we fully describe the optimal rearrangement-invariant space on either side of the inequality when the space on the other side is fixed. We also solve the same problem within the environment in which the competing spaces are Orlicz spaces. A variety of examples involving customary function spaces suitable for applications is also provided.
We give partial answers to the following conjecture: the natural embedding of a rearrangement invariant space E into L_1([0,1]) is strictly singular if and only if G does not embed into E continuously, where G is the closure of the simple functions in the Orlicz space L_Phi with Phi(x) = exp(x^2)-1.
This paper is devoted to the description of the lack of compactness of the Sobolev embedding of $H^1(\R^2)$ in the critical Orlicz space ${\cL}(\R^2)$. It turns out that up to cores our result is expressed in terms of the concentration-type examples derived by J. Moser in \cite{M} as in the radial setting investigated in \cite{BMM}. However, the analysis we used in this work is strikingly different from the one conducted in the radial case which is based on an $L^ \infty$ estimate far away from the origin and which is no longer valid in the general framework. Within the general framework of $H…