Certain subclasses of $B_1(K)$, the Baire-1 functions on a compact metric space $K$, are defined and characterized. Some applications to Banach spaces are given.
We prove several dichotomies on linear embeddings between Banach spaces. Given an arbitrary Banach space X with a basis, we show that the relations of isomorphism and bi-embedding are meager or co-meager on the Polish set of block-subspaces of X. We relate this result with tightness and minimality of Banach spaces. Examples and open questions are provided.
Let C(K) be the Banach space of all continuous functions on a given compact space K. We investigate the w*-sequential closure in C(K)* of the set of all finitely supported probabilities on K. We discuss the coincidence of the Baire sigma-algebras on C(K) associated to the weak and pointwise convergence topologies.
Let $φ\colon X\to Y$ be an affine continuous surjection between compact convex sets. Suppose that the canonical copy of the space of real-valued affine continuous functions on $Y$ in the space of real-valued affine continuous functions on $X$ is complemented. We show that if $F$ is a topological vector space, then $f\colon Y\to F$ is of affine Baire class $α$ whenever the composition $f\circφ$ is of affine Baire class $α$. This abstract result is applied to extend known results on affine Baire classes of strongly affine Baire mappings.
If $E$ is a Banach space, any element $x^{**}$ in its bidual $E^{**}$ is an affine function on the dual unit ball $B_{E^*}$ that might possess variety of descriptive properties with respect to the weak* topology. We prove several results showing that descriptive properties of $x^{**}$ are quite often determined by the behaviour of $x^{**}$ on the set of extreme points of $B_{E^*}$, generalizing thus results of J. Saint Raymond and F. Jellett. We also prove several results on relation between Baire classes and intrinsic Baire classes of $L_1$-preduals which were introduced by S.A. Argyros, G. G…
We investigate Baire classes of strongly affine mappings with values in Fréchet spaces. We show, in particular, that the validity of the vector-valued Mokobodzki's result on affine functions of the first Baire class is related to the approximation property of the range space. We further extend several results known for scalar functions on Choquet simplices or on dual balls of $L_1$-preduals to the vector-valued case. This concerns, in particular, affine classes of strongly affine Baire mappings, the abstract Dirichlet problem and the weak Dirichlet problem for Baire mappings. Some of these res…
We collect several open questions in Banach spaces, mostly related to measure theoretic aspects of the theory. The problems are divided into five categories: miscellaneous problems in Banach spaces (non-separable $L^p$ spaces, compactness in Banach spaces, $w^*$-null sequences in dual spaces), measurability in Banach spaces (Baire and Borel $σ$-algebras, measurable selectors), vector integration (Riemann, Pettis and McShane integrals), vector measures (range and associated $L^1$ spaces) and Lebesgue-Bochner spaces (topological and structural properties, scalar convergence).
Suppose that $X$ is a Banach space. We will show that $X$ does not contain a copy of $c_0$ if and only if for each series which is not unconditionally convergent in $X$ respective sets coding all bounded subseries and rearrangements are meager. We use Bessaga-Pełczy{ń}ski $c_0-$Theorem and concept of uniformly unconditionally bounded series. Moreover we prove similar result for the ideal boundedness for a class of Baire ideals using Talagrand's characterisation.
Assume that $\mathcal{I}$ is an ideal on $\mathbb{N}$, and $\sum_n x_n$ is a divergent series in a Banach space $X$. We study the Baire category, and the measure of the set $A(\mathcal{I}):=\left\{t \in \{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}} \colon \sum_n t(n)x_n \textrm{ is } \mathcal{I}\textrm{-convergent}\right\}$. In the category case, we assume that $\mathcal{I}$ has the Baire property and $\sum_n x_n$ is not unconditionally convergent, and we deduce that $A(\mathcal{I})$ is meager. We also study the smallness of $A(\mathcal{I})$ in the measure case when the Haar probability measure $λ$ on $\{0,1\}^{\mathb…
Let X and Y be separable metrizable spaces, and f:X-->Y be a function. We want to recover f from its values on a small set via a simple algorithm. We show that this is possible if f is Baire class one, and in fact we get a characterization. This leads us to the study of sets of Baire class one functions and to a characterization of the separability of the dual space of an arbitrary Banach space.
It is proved that every function of finite Baire index on a separable metric space $K$ is a $D$-function, i.e., a difference of bounded semi-continuous functions on $K$. In fact it is a strong $D$-function, meaning it can be approximated arbitrarily closely in $D$-norm, by simple $D$-functions. It is shown that if the $n^{th}$ derived set of $K$ is non-empty for all finite $n$, there exist $D$-functions on $K$ which are not strong $D$-functions. Further structural results for the classes of finite index functions and strong $D$-functions are also given.
The aim of this paper is to establish Pontryagin's principles in a dicrete-time infinite-horizon setting when the state variables and the control variables belong to infinite dimensional Banach spaces. In comparison with previous results on this question, we delete conditions of finiteness of codi-mension of subspaces. To realize this aim, the main idea is the introduction of new recursive assumptions and useful consequences of the Baire category theorem and of the Banach isomorphism theorem.
We show that the classes of separable reflexive Banach spaces and of spaces with separable dual are strongly bounded. This gives a new proof of a recent result of E. Odell and Th. Schlumprecht, asserting that there exists a separable reflexive Banach space containing isomorphic copies of every separable uniformly convex Banach spaces.
In this paper, we study the descriptive complexity of some inevitable classes of Banach spaces. Precisely, as shown in [Go], every Banach space either contains a hereditarily indecomposable subspace or an unconditional basis, and, as shown in [FR], every Banach space either contains a minimal subspace or a continuously tight subspace. In these notes, we study the complexity of those inevitable classes as well as the complexity of containing a subspace in any of those classes.
It was proved by Dodos and Ferenczi that the classes of Banach spaces with a separable dual and of separable reflexive Banach spaces are strongly bounded. In this note, we provide an isometric version of this result.
The condition onto pair ($F,G$) of function Banach spaces under which there exists a integral operator $T:F\to G$ with analytic kernel such that the inverse mapping $T^{-1}:$im$T\to F$ does not belong to arbitrary a priori given Borel (or Baire) class is found.
These notes are dedicated to the study of the complexity of several classes of separable Banach spaces. We compute the complexity of the Banach-Saks property, the alternating Banach-Saks property, the complete continuous property, and the LUST property. We also show that the weak Banach-Saks property, the Schur property, the Dunford-Pettis property, the analytic Radon-Nikodym property, the set of Banach spaces whose set of unconditionally converging operators is complemented in its bounded oper- ators, the set of Banach spaces whose set of weakly compact operators is complemented in its bounde…
We prove an extension theorem (with non-tangential limits) for vector-valued Baire one functions. Moreover, at every point where the function is continuous (or bounded), the continuity (or boundedness) is preserved. More precisely: Let $H$ be a closed subset of a metric space $X$ and let $Z$ be a normed vector space. Let $f: H\to Z$ be a Baire one function. We show that there is a continuous function $g: (X\setminus H) \to Z$ such that, for every $a\in \partial H$, the non-tangential limit of $g$ at a equals $f(a)$ and, moreover, if $f$ is continuous at $a\in H$ (respectively bounded in a neig…
Employing a construction of Tsirelson-like spaces due to Argyros and Deliyanni, we show that the class of all Banach spaces which are isomorphic to a subspace of $c_{0}$ is a complete analytic set with respect to the Effros Borel structure of separable Banach spaces. Moreover, the classes of all separable spaces with the Schur property and of all separable spaces with the Dunford-Pettis property are $\mathbfΠ^{1}_{2}$-complete.
For $1<p\leqslant \infty$, we study the complexity and the existence of universal spaces for two classes of separable Banach spaces, denoted $\textsf{A}_p$ and $\textsf{N}_p$, and related to asymptotic smoothness in Banach spaces. We show that each of these classes is Borel in the class of separable Banach spaces. Then we build small families of Banach spaces that are both injectively and surjectively universal for these classes. Finally, we prove the optimality of this universality result, by proving in particular that none of these classes admits a universal space.
The paper is a complement to the survey: M.I.Ostrovskii "To\-po\-lo\-gies on the set of all subspaces of a Banach space and related questions of Banach space geometry", Quaestiones Math. (to appear). It contains proofs of some results on stability of properties of Banach spaces with respect to the geometric opening stated in the survey without proofs. Some results of the present paper are of independent interest, in particular the description of a predual property of the Banach--Saks property.
Classes of Banach spaces that are finitely, strongly finitely or elementary equivalent are introduced. On sets of these classes topologies are defined in such a way that sets of defined classes become compact totally disconnected topological spaces. Results are used in the problem of synthesis of Banach spaces, and to describe omittable spaces that are defined below.
A cardinal k is called a Kunen cardinal if the sigma-algebra on k x k generated by all products AxB, coincides with the power set of k x k. For any cardinal k, let C(2^k) be the Banach space of all continuous real-valued functions on the Cantor cube 2^k. We prove that k is a Kunen cardinal if and only if the Baire sigma-algebra on C(2^k) for the pointwise convergence topology coincides with the Borel sigma-algebra on C(2^k) for the norm topology. Some other links between Kunen cardinals and measurability in Banach spaces are also given.
In this paper, we study spaceability of subsets of generalized Orlicz and Lebesgue spaces associated to Banach function space. Also, we give some sufficient conditions for spaceability of subsets of a general Banach space which improves an important result on this topic. As an application, it is shown that the set of all bounded linear operators which are not positive semidefinite on a separable Hilbert space is spaceable.
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space, $Y$ a Banach space and $f: X \to Y$ a mapping. We prove that there exists a $σ$-directionally porous set $A\subset X$ such that if $x\in X \setminus A$, $f$ is Lipschitz at $x$, and $f$ is Gâteaux differentiable at $x$, then $f$ is Hadamard differentiable at $x$. If $f$ is Borel measurable (or has the Baire property) and is G\^ ateaux differentiable at all points, then $f$ is Hadamard differentiable at all points except a set which is $σ$-directionally porous set (and so is Aronszajn null, Haar null and $Γ$-null). Consequently, an everywhere G\^ ateaux diff…
It was proved by Argyros and Dodos that, for many classes $ C $ of separable Banach spaces which share some property $ P $, there exists an isomorphically universal space that satisfies $ P $ as well. We introduce a variant of their amalgamation technique which provides an isometrically universal space in the case that $ C $ consists of spaces with a monotone Schauder basis. For example, we prove that if $ C $ is a set of separable Banach spaces which is analytic with respect to the Effros-Borel structure and every $ X \in C $ is reflexive and has a monotone Schauder basis, then there exists a…
In the paper is considered two problems on extension of operators whose range space for the first problem (or domain space for the second one) belongs to the fixed class of finite equivalence, which is generated by a given Banach space $X$. Both problems are considered in two variants: isometric and isomorphic ones. Received a full solution of the first problem and the solution, close to final one for the second problem.
We show that the perturbation class for the upper semi-Fredholm operators between two Banach spaces X and Y coincides with the strictly singular operators when X is subprojective and that the perturbation class for the lower semi-Fredholm operators coincides with the strictly cosingular operators when Y is superprojective. Similar results were previously obtained under stronger conditions for X and Y.
Let C be an axiomatizable class of order continuous real or complex Banach lattices, that is, this class is closed under isometric vector lattice isomorphisms and ultraproducts, and the complementary class is closed under ultrapowers. We show that if linear isometric embeddings of members of C in their ultrapowers preserve disjointness, the class C^B of Banach spaces obtained by forgetting the Banach lattice structure is still axiomatizable. Moreover if C coincides with its "script class" SC, so does C^B with SC^B. This allows us to give new examples of axiomatizable classes of Banach spaces, …
In the paper is considered two problems on extension of operators whose range space for the first problem (or domain space for the second one) belongs to the fixed class of finite equivalence, which is generated by a given Banach space $X$. Both problems are considered in two variants: isometric and isomorphic ones. Received a full solution of the first problem and the solution, close to final one for the second problem.
In this paper, we unify the theory of SSD spaces and the theory of strongly representable sets, and we apply our results to the theory of the various classes of maximally monotone sets. In particular, we prove that type (ED), dense type, type (D), type (NI) and strongly representable are equivalent concepts and, consequently, that the known properties of strongly representable sets follow from known properties of sets of type (ED).
In view of the fact that some classical methods to construct multi-ideals fail in constructing hyper-ideals, in this paper we develop two new methods to construct hyper-ideals of multilinear operators between Banach spaces. These methods generate new classes of multilinear operators and show that some important well studied classes are Banach or p-Banach hyper-ideals.
In the setting of Banach lattices the weak (resp. positive) Grothendieck spaces have been defined. We localize such notions by defining new classes of sets that we study and compare with some quite related different classes. This allows us to introduce and compare the corresponding linear operators.
Based on the technique of enriching contractive type mappings, a technique that has been used successfully in some recent papers, we introduce the concept of {\it saturated} class of contractive mappings. We show that, from this perspective, the contractive type mappings in the metric fixed point theory can be separated into two distinct classes, unsaturated and saturated, and that, for any unsaturated class of mappings, the technique of enriching contractive type mappings provides genuine new fixed point results. We illustrate the concept by surveying some significant fixed point results obta…
In this paper we introduce and study a new class of operators related to norm bounded sets on Banach Lattice and which brings together several classical classes of operators (as o-weakly compact operators, b-weakly compact operators, M-weakly compact operators, L-weakly compact operators, almost Dunford-Pettis operators). As consequences, we give some new lattice approximation properties of these classes of operators.
Let $\mathcal{L}(X;Y)$ be the space of bounded linear operators from a Banach space $X$ to a Banach space $Y$. Given an operator-valued function $u:\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\rightarrow \mathcal{L}(X;Y)$, suppose that every orbit $t\mapsto u(t)x$ has a regularity property (e.g. continuity, differentiability, etc.) on some interval $(t_x,\infty)$ in general depending on $x\in X$. In this paper we develop an abstract set-up based on Baire-type arguments which allows, under certain conditions, removing the dependency on $x$ systematically. Afterwards, we apply this theoretical framework to several diffe…
Motivated by the equivalent definition of a continuous operator between Banach spaces in terms of weakly null nets, we introduce two types of continuous operators between Banach lattices using unbounded absolute weak convergence. We characterize reflexive Banach lattices in terms of these spaces of operators. Furthermore, we investigate whether or not the adjoint of these classes of operators has the corresponding property. In addition, we show that these kinds of operators are norm closed but not order closed. Moreover, we establish how these classes of continuous operators are connected to t…
In this paper we provide an abstract aproach to the study of classes of multiple summing multilinear operators between Banach spaces. The main purpose is unify the study of several known classes and results, for example multiple $(p, q_1,\dots, q_n)$-summing operators, multiple mixing $(s, q, p)$-summing operators and multiple strong $(s, q, p)$-mixing summing operators. We also define new class of multiple summing multilinear operator that are particular cases of our construction and, therefore, satisfy the results proved in the paper.
We construct a general framework that generates classes of multilinear operators between Banach spaces which encompasses, as particular cases, the several classes of summing type multilinear operators that have been studied individually in the literature. Summing operators by blocks in the isotropic and anisotropic cases are taken into account. The classes we create are shown to be Banach ideals of multilinear operators and applications to coherence and coincidence theorems are provided.
We establish continuity and Schatten-von Neumann properties for matrix operators with matrices satisfying mixed quasi-norm estimates. These considerations also include the case when the Lebesgue and Schatten parameters are allowed to stay between $0$ and $1$. We use the results to deduce continuity and Schatten-von Neumann properties for pseudo-differential operators with symbols in a broad class of modulation spaces.
We characterize those classes $\mathcal{C}$ of separable Banach spaces for which there exists a separable Banach space $Y$ not containing $\ell_1$ and such that every space in the class $\mathcal{C}$ is a quotient of $Y$.
A classical theorem of Kuratowski says that every Baire one function on a G_δsubspace of a Polish (= separable completely metrizable) space X can be extended to a Baire one function on X. Kechris and Louveau introduced a finer gradation of Baire one functions into small Baire classes. A Baire one function f is assigned into a class in this heirarchy depending on its oscillation index β(f). We prove a refinement of Kuratowski's theorem: if Y is a subspace of a metric space X and f is a real-valued function on Y such that β_{Y}(f)<ω^α, α< ω_1, then f has an extension F onto X so that β_X(F)is no…
The main aim of this note is to introduce the notion of an almost anti-periodic function in Banach space. We prove some characterizations for this class of functions, investigating also its relationship with the classes of anti-periodic functions and almost periodic functions in Banach spaces.
In this paper, we unify the theory of SSD spaces, part of the theory of strongly representable multifunctions, and the theory of the equivalence of various classes of maximally monotone multifunctions.
We continue the investigation of notions of approximate amenability that were introduced in work of the second and third authors. It is shown that every boundedly approximately contractible Banach algebra has a bounded approximate identity. Among our other results, it is shown that the Fourier algebra of the free group on two generators is not approximately amenable. Further examples are obtained of ${\ell}^1$-semigroup algebras which are approximately amenable but not amenable; using these, we show that bounded approximate amenability need not imply sequential approximate amenability. Results…
In the context of classical associations between classes of Banach spaces and classes of compact Hausdorff spaces we survey known results and open questions concerning the existence and nonexistence of universal Banach spaces and of universal compact spaces in various classes. This gives quite a complex network of interrelations which quite often depend on additional set-theoretic assumptions.