Building upon our arithmetic duality theorems for 1-motives, we prove that the Manin obstruction related to a finite subquotient $\Be (X)$ of the Brauer group is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for rational points on torsors under semiabelian varieties over a number field, assuming the finiteness of the Tate-Shaferevich group of the abelian quotient. This theorem answers a question by Skorobogatov in the semiabelian case and is a key ingredient of recent work on the elementary obstruction for homogeneous spaces over number fields. We also establish a Cassels-Tate type dual exact sequence for 1-motives, and give an application to weak approximation.
We establish the finiteness of the kernel and cokernel of the restriction map III^{i}(F,M) ---> III^{i}(K,M)^{G} for i=1 and 2, where M is a (Deligne) 1-motive over a global field F and K/F is a finite Galois extension of global fields with Galois group G.
In this paper we obtain a Poitou-Tate exact sequence for finite and flat group schemes over a global function field. We also extend the duality theorems for 1-motives over number fields obtained by D.Harari and T.Szamuely to the function field case.
We show that the l-adic realizations of certain Picard 1-motives associated to a G-Galois cover of smooth, projective curves defined over an algebraically closed field are G-cohomologically trivial, for all primes l. In the process, we generalize a well-known theorem of Nakajima on the Galois module structure of certain spaces of Kahler differentials associated to the top curve of the cover, assuming that the field of definition is of characteristic p. If the cover and the Picard 1-motive are defined over a finite field and if G is abelian, we compute the first Fitting ideal of each l-adic rea…
We prove several duality theorems for the Galois and etale cohomology of 1-motives defined over local and global fields and establish a 12-term Poitou-Tate type exact sequence. The results give a common generalisation and sharpening of well-known theorems by Tate on abelian varieties as well as results by Tate/Nakayama and Kottwitz on algebraic tori.
In this article, we study the Chow group of the motive associated to a tempered global $L$-packet $π$ of unitary groups of even rank with respect to a CM extension, whose global root number is $-1$. We show that, under some restrictions on the ramification of $π$, if the central derivative $L'(1/2,π)$ is nonvanishing, then the $π$-nearly isotypic localization of the Chow group of a certain unitary Shimura variety over its reflex field does not vanish. This proves part of the Beilinson--Bloch conjecture for Chow groups and $L$-functions, which generalizes the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjectur…
The local Tamagawa number conjecure, first formulated by Fontaine and Perrin-Riou, expresses the compatibility of the (global) Tamagawa number conjecture on motivic $L$-functions with the functional equation. The local conjecture was proven for Tate motives over finite unramified extensions $K/\mathbb{Q}_p$ by Bloch and Kato. We use the theory of $(ϕ, Γ_K)$-modules and a reciprocity law due to Cherbonnier and Colmez to provide a new proof in the case of unramified extensions, and to prove the conjecture for the motive $\mathbb{Q}_p(2)$ over certain tamely ramified extensions.
Let K/F be a finite Galois extension of global fields with Galois group G and let M be a 1-motive over F. We discuss the kernel and cokernel of the restriction map Sha^{i}(F,M) --> Sha^{i}(K,M)^{G} for i=1 and 2, independently of any finiteness hypotheses. We show that these groups are finite and obtain, in particular, formulas for the corresponding quotient of group orders.
In this article we introduce and study a motivic category in the arithmetic of function fields, namely the category of motives over an algebraic closure $L$ of a finite field with coefficients in a global function field over this finite field. It is semi-simple, non-neutral Tannakian and possesses all the expected fiber functors. This category generalizes the previous construction due to Anderson and is more relevant for applications to the theory of $G$-Shtukas, such as formulating the analog of the Langlands-Rapoport conjecture over function fields. We further develop the analogy with the ca…
This article is concerned with proving a refined function field analogue of the Coates-Sinnott conjecture, formulated in the number field context in 1974. Our main theorem calculates the Fitting ideal of a certain even Quillen K-group in terms of special values of L-functions. The techniques employed are directly inspired by recent work of Greither and Popescu in the equivariant Iwasawa theory of arbitrary global fields. They rest on the results of Greither-Popescu on the Galois module structure of certain naturally defined Picard 1-motives associated to an arbitrary Galois extension of functi…
In this article we study motives corresponding to the moduli stacks of G-shtukas and their local models. In particular we deal with the question of describing their motivic fundamental invariants. As an application, we provide a criterion for mixed Tateness of the local model, and discuss the semi-simplicity of Frobenius on their cohomology. We then use the theory of local models to reformulate a purity result for these moduli stacks in the motivic context.
We investigate local-global principles for Galois cohomology, in the context of function fields of curves over semi-global fields. This extends work of Kato's on the case of function fields of curves over global fields.
Let $K$ be a global field of positive characteristic. We prove that the Brauer-Manin obstructions to the Hasse principle, to weak approximation and to strong approximation are the only ones for homogeneous spaces of reductive groups with reductive stabilizers. The methods involve abelianization techniques and arithmetic duality theorems for complexes of tori over K.
For any number field, we prove that there exists a stacky curve of genus one half defined over the ring of its integers violating the local-global principle for integral points.
We consider local-global principles for rational points on varieties, in particular torsors, over one-variable function fields over complete discretely valued fields. There are several notions of such principles, arising either from the valuation theory of the function field, or from the geometry of a regular model of the function field. Our results compare the corresponding obstructions, proving in particular that a local-global principle with respect to valuations implies a local-global principle with respect to a sufficiently fine regular model.
There is an algorithm that takes as input a global field k and produces a curve over k violating the local-global principle. Also, given a global field k and a nonnegative integer n, one can effectively construct a curve X over k such that #X(k)=n and X has points over every completion of k.
As a starting point for higher-dimensional patching in the Berkovich setting, we show that this technique is applicable around certain fibers of a relative Berkovich analytic curve. As a consequence, we prove a local-global principle over the field of overconvergent meromorphic functions on said fibers. By showing that these germs of meromorphic functions are algebraic, we also obtain local-global principles over function fields of algebraic curves defined over a class of (not necessarily complete) ultrametric fields.
We construct a stacky curve of genus $1/2$ (i.e., Euler characteristic $1$) over $\mathbb{Z}$ that has an $\mathbb{R}$-point and a $\mathbb{Z}_p$-point for every prime $p$ but no $\mathbb{Z}$-point. This is best possible: we also prove that any stacky curve of genus less than $1/2$ over a ring of $S$-integers of a global field satisfies the local-global principle for integral points.
In response to a question of B. Poonen, we exhibit for each global field k an algebraic curve over k which violates the Hasse Principle. In fact we can find such examples among Atkin-Lehner twists of certain elliptic modular curves and -- in positive characteristic -- Drinfeld modular curves. Our main tool is a refinement of the "Twist Anti-Hasse Principle" (TAHP). We also use TAHP to construct further Hasse Principle violations, for instance among curves over any number field of any given genus g which is at least 2.
A smooth plane curve is said to admit a symmetric determinantal representation if it can be defined by the determinant of a symmetric matrix with entries in linear forms in three variables. We study the local-global principle for the existence of symmetric determinantal representations of smooth plane curves over a global field of characteristic different from two. When the degree of the plane curve is less than or equal to three, we relate the problem of finding symmetric determinantal representations to more familiar Diophantine problems on the Severi-Brauer varieties and mod 2 Galois repres…
In this article, we study the obstructions to the local-global principle for homogeneous spaces with connected or abelian stabilizers over finite extensions of the field $\mathbb{C}((x,y))$ of Laurent series in two variables over the complex numbers and over function fields of curves over $\mathbb{C}((t))$. We give examples that prove that the usual Brauer-Manin obstruction is not enough to explain the failure of the local-global principle, and we then construct a variant of this obstruction using torsors under quasi-trivial tori which turns out to work. In the end of the article, we compare t…
The torsor P_s=Hom(H_{\DR},H_s) under the motivic Galois group G_s=Aut H_s of the Tannakian category M_k generated by one-motives related by absolute Hodge cycles over a field k with an embedding s into the complex numbers is shown to be determined by its global projection [P_s\to (P_s)/(G_s)^0] to a Gal(\ov k/k)-torsor, and by its localizations (P_s) x_k (k_ξ) at a dense subset of orderings ξof the field k, provided k has virtual cohomological dimension (vcd) one. This result is an application of a recent local-global principle for connected linear algebraic groups over a field k of vcd=1.
Let $X$ be a proper smooth variety having an affine open subset defined by the normic equation $N_{k(\sqrt{a},\sqrt{b})/k}({x})=Q(t_{1},...,t_{m})^{2}$ over a number field $k$. We prove that : (1) the failure of the local-global principle for zero-cycles is controlled by the Brauer group of $X$; (2) the analogue for rational points is also valid assuming Schinzel's hypothesis.
In this paper we study local-global principles for tori over semi-global fields, which are one variable function fields over complete discretely valued fields. In particular, we show that for principal homogeneous spaces for tori over the underlying discrete valuation ring, the obstruction to a local-global principle with respect to discrete valuations can be computed using methods coming from patching. We give a sufficient condition for the vanishing of the obstruction, as well as examples were the obstruction is nontrivial or even infinite. A major tool is the notion of a flasque resolution …
Let $A$ and $A'$ be abelian varieties defined over a number field $k$ of dimension $g\geq 1$. For $g\leq 3$, we show that the following local-global principle holds: $A$ and $A'$ are quadratic twists of each other if and only if, for almost all primes $\mathfrak p$ of $k$ of good reduction for $A$ and $A'$, the reductions $A_{\mathfrak p}$ and $A'_{\mathfrak p}$ are quadratic twists of each other. This result is known when $g=1$, in which case it has appeared in works by Kings, Rajan, Ramakrishnan, and Serre. We provide an example that violates this local-global principle in dimension $g=4$.
Let $q$ be a unimodular quadratic form over a field $K$. Pfister's famous local--global principle asserts that $q$ represents a torsion class in the Witt group of $K$ if and only if it has signature $0$, and that in this case, the order of Witt class of $q$ is a power of $2$. We give two analogues of this result to systems of quadratic forms, the second of which applying only to nonsingular pairs. We also prove a counterpart of Pfister's theorem for finite-dimensional $K$-algebras with involution, generalizing a result of Lewis and Unger.
Refined obstructions to local-global principles for 0-cycles
The American University of Paris（巴黎美国大学）；Georg-August-Universität Göttingen（哥廷根大学）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学）；University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）
Local-global principles for semi-integral points on Markoff orbifold pairs
Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences（保加利亚科学院数学与信息学研究所）；Institut für Algebra, Zahlentheorie und Diskrete Mathematik, Leibniz Universität Hannover（莱布尼茨汉诺威大学代数、数论与离散数学研究所）；Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学数学研究所）
We consider local-global principles for torsors under linear algebraic groups, over function fields of curves over complete discretely valued fields. The obstruction to such a principle is a version of the Tate-Shafarevich group; and for groups with rational components, we compute it explicitly and show that it is finite. This yields necessary and sufficient conditions for local-global principles to hold. Our results rely on first obtaining a Mayer-Vietoris sequence for Galois cohomology and then showing that torsors can be patched. We also give new applications to quadratic forms and central …
This paper proves local-global principles for Galois cohomology groups over function fields $F$ of curves that are defined over a complete discretely valued field. We show in particular that such principles hold for $H^n(F, Z/mZ(n-1))$, for all $n>1$. This is motivated by work of Kato and others, where such principles were shown in related cases for $n=3$. Using our results in combination with cohomological invariants, we obtain local-global principles for torsors and related algebraic structures over $F$. Our arguments rely on ideas from patching as well as the Bloch-Kato conjecture.
Let K be a p-adic field and F the function field of a curve over K. Let G be a connected linear algebraic group over F of classical type. Suppose the prime p is a good prime for G. Then we prove that projective homogeneous spaces under G over F satisfy a local global principle for rational points with respect to discrete valuations of F . If G is a semisimple simply connected group over F , then we also prove that principal homogeneous spaces under G over F satisfy a local global principle for rational points with respect to discrete valuations of F.
We prove that only for powers of 2 and 3 could occur counterexamples to the local-global divisibility principle for elliptic curves defined over the rationals. For we refine our previous criterion for the validity of the principle. We also give an example that shows that the assumptions of our criterion are necessary.
We consider the local-global principle for divisibility in the Mordell-Weil group of a CM elliptic curve defined over a number field. For each prime $p$ we give sharp lower bounds on the degree $d$ of a number field over which there exists a CM elliptic curve which gives a counterexample to the local-global principle for divisibility by a power of $p$. As a corollary we deduce that there are at most finitely many elliptic curves (with or without CM) which are counterexamples with $p > 2d+1$. We also deduce that the local-global principle for divisibility by powers of $7$ holds over quadratic f…
Let K be the function field of a smooth projective surface over a finite field. In this article, following the work of Parimala and Suresh, we establish a local-global principle for the divisibility of elements in H^3(K,Z/l) by elements in H^2(K,Z/l).
For any number field not containing $\QQ(i),$ we give an explicit construction to prove that there exists an elliptic curve defined over this field such that its Shafarevich-Tate group is nontrivial.
We prove the local-global principle holds for the problem of representations of quadratic forms by quadratic forms, in codimension $\geq 7$. The proof uses the ergodic theory of $p$-adic groups, together with a fairly general observation on the structure of orbits of an arithmetic group acting on integral points of a variety.
Four mutually tangent spheres form two gaps. In each of these, one can inscribe in a unique way four mutually tangent spheres such that each one of these spheres is tangent to exactly three of the original spheres. Repeating the process gives rise to a generalized Apollonian sphere packing. These packings have remarkable properties. One of them is the local to global principle and will be proven in this paper.
