Melvyn B. Nathanson
Define the height function h(a) = min{k+(ka\mod p): k=1,2,...,p-1} for a = 0,1,...,p-1. It is proved that the height has peaks at p, (p+1)/2, and (p+c)/3, that these peaks occur at a= [p/3], (p-3)/2, (p-1)/2, [2p/3], p-3,p-2, and p-1, and that h(a) \leq p/3 for all other values of a.
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Let $\F_p = \Z/p\Z$. The \emph{height} of a point $\mathbf{a}=(a_1,..., a_d) \in \F_p^d$ is $h_p(\mathbf{a}) = \min \left\{\sum_{i=1}^d (ka_i \mod p) : k=1,...,p-1\right\}.$ Explicit formulas and estimates are obtained for the values of the height function in the case $d=2,$ and these results are applied to the problem of determining the minimum number of edges the must be deleted from a finite directed graph so that the resulting subgraph is acyclic.
We introduce a new approach to study height zeta functions of projective spaces and projective bundles. To study height zeta functions of projective spaces $Z(\mathbb{P}^n, H_{\mathcal{O}(1)}; s)$, we apply the Riemann-Roch theorem of Arakelov vector bundles by van der Geer and Schoof to the integrand of an integral expression of $Z(\mathbb{P}^n, H_{\mathcal{O}(1)}; s)$. We give a proof of the analytic continuation and functional equations of height zeta functions of projective spaces with respect to various height functions. Motivic analogues of these results are also proved. We also study he…
A weighted projective stack is a stacky quotient $\mathscr P(\mathbf a)=(\mathbf A^n-\{0\})/\mathbb G_m$, where the action of $\mathbb G_m$ is with weights $\mathbf a\in\mathbb Z^n_{>0}$. Examples are: the compactified moduli stack of elliptic curves $\mathscr P(4,6)$ and the classifying stack of $μ_m$-torsors $Bμ_m=\mathscr P(m)$. We define heights on the weighted projective stacks. The heights generalize the naive height of an elliptic curve and the absolute discriminant of a torsor. We use the heights to count rational points. We find the asymptotic behaviour for the number of rational poin…
A polarizable endomorphism on a projective variety enables us to consider given morphism as constant multiplication in the height function. In this paper, we will generalize it for arbitrary dominant endomorphism by defining the height expansion and contraction coefficients.
Points of bounded height on weighted projective spaces over global function fields
本文研究整体函数域上加权射影叠的有界高度有理点计数问题，给出了点数的精确公式与渐近式。
Local and Global Heights on Weighted Projective Varieties
本文通过Cartier与Weil除子将加权高度推广至加权簇，证明线丛存在局部有界加权$M$-度量，并定义局部与全局高度，展示其基本性质。
Let X be a smooth projective curve of positive genus defined over a number field K. Assume given a Galois covering map x from X to the projective line over K and a place v of K. We introduce a local canonical height on the set of K_v-valued points of X associated to x as an integral with logarithmic integrand, generalizing Tate's local Neron function on an elliptic curve. The resulting global height can be viewed as a 'Mahler measure' associated to x. We prove that the local canonical height can be obtained by averaging, and taking a limit, over divisors of higher order Weierstrass points on X…
We give an algorithm which requires no integer factorization for computing the canonical height of a point in $\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{Q})$ relative to a morphism $ϕ: \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^1 \rightarrow \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^1$ of degree $d \geq 2$.
If $α_1,\ldots,α_r$ are algebraic numbers such that $$N=\sum_{i=1}^rα_i \ne \sum_{i=1}^rα_i^{-1}$$ for some integer $N$, then a theorem of Beukers and Zagier gives the best possible lower bound on $$\sum_{i=1}^r\log h(α_i)$$ where $h$ denotes the Weil Height. We will extend this result to allow $N$ to be any totally real algebraic number. Our generalization includes a consequence of a theorem of Schinzel which bounds the height of a totally real algebraic integer.
We construct an algorithm for solving the following problem: given a number field $K$, a positive integer $N$, and a positive real number $B$, determine all points in $\mathbb P^N(K)$ having relative height at most $B$. A theoretical analysis of the efficiency of the algorithm is provided, as well as sample computations showing how the algorithm performs in practice. Two variants of the method are described, and examples are given to compare their running times. In the case $N=1$ we compare our method to an earlier algorithm for enumerating elements of bounded height in number fields.
Points of bounded height on projective spaces over global function fields via geometry of numbers
本文借助数的几何方法，改编 Schanuel 在数域情形的论证，为全局函数域上射影空间的有界高度点计数结果提供了新证明。
In the present article, we define a notion of good height functions on quasi-projective varieties $V$ defined over number fields and prove an equidistribution theorem of small points for such height functions. Those good height functions are defined as limits of height functions associated with semi-positive adelic metrization on big and nef $\mathbb{Q}$-line bundles on projective models of $V$ satisfying mild assumptions. Building on a recent work of the author and Vigny as well as on a classical estimate of Call and Silverman, and inspiring from recent works of Kühne and Yuan and Zhang, we d…
We consider hypersurfaces in $(\mathbb{P}^1)^n$ that contain a generic sequence of small dynamical height with respect to a split map and project onto $n-1$ coordinates. We show that these hypersurfaces satisfy strong coincidence relations between their points with zero height coordinates. More precisely, it holds that in a Zariski-open dense subset of such a hypersurface $n-1$ coordinates have height zero if and only if all coordinates have height zero. This is a key step in the resolution of the dynamical Bogomolov conjecture for split maps.
We introduce the notion of an adelically summable normalized weight $g$, which is a family of normalized weights on the Berkovich projective lines satisfying a summability condition. We then establish an adelic equidistribution of effective $k$-divisors on the projective line over the separable closure $k_s$ in $\overline{k}$ of a product formula field $k$ having small $g$-heights and small diagonals. This equidistribution result generalizes Ye's for the Galois conjugacy classes of algebraic numbers with respect to quasi-adelic measures.
We present an explicit expression for the normalized height of a projective toric variety. This expression decomposes as a sum of local contributions, each term being the integral of a certain function, concave and piecewise linear-affine. More generally, we obtain an explicit expression for the normalized multiheight of a torus with respect to several monomial embeddings. The set of functions introduced behaves as an arithmetic analog of the polytope classically associated with the torus action. Besides the formulae for the height and multiheight, we show that this object behaves in a natural…
On the height boundedness of periodic and preperiodic points of dominant rational self-maps on projective varieties
本文推翻了关于周期点高度有界的猜想，并证明了在射影簇上某些主导有理自映射的周期点集高度有界，同时指出前周期点可能不满足这一性质。
In this paper I verify Manin's conjecture for a class of rational projective toric varieties with a large class of heights other than the usual one that comes from the standard metric on projective space.
We study small points for the Arakelov height on the projective line. First, we identify the smallest positive value taken by the Arakelov height, and we characterize all cases of equality. Next we solve several archimedean energy minimization problems with respect to the chordal metric on the projective line, and as an application, we obtain lower bounds on the Arakelov height in fields of totally real and totally p-adic numbers.
Covering Projective Height Balls by Subspaces in Rigid Adelic Spaces
本文针对数域K上的n维刚性阿代尔空间，研究用真K-子空间覆盖射影高度球的最少子空间数与线性一般位置子集的最大基数，得出其阶的渐近结果及标准阿代尔空间的具体阶形式。
In this brief note, we will investigate the number of points of bounded (twisted) height in a projective variety defined over a function field, where the function field comes from a projective variety of dimension greater than or equal to 2. A first step in this investigation is to understand the $p$-adic analytic properties of the height zeta function. In particular, we will show that for a large class of projective varieties this function is $p$-adic meromorphic.
We define an "ample canonical height" for an endomorphism on a projective variety, which is essentially a generalization of the canonical heights for polarized endomorphisms introduced by Call--Silverman. We formulate a dynamical analogue of the Northcott finiteness theorem for ample canonical heights as a conjecture, and prove it for endomorphisms on varieties of small Picard numbers, abelian varieties, and surfaces. As applications, for the endomorphisms which satisfy the conjecture, we show the non-density of the set of preperiodic points over a fixed number field, and obtain a dynamical Mo…
Call and Silverman introduced the canonical height associated to a polarized dynamical system, that is, an endomorphism of a projective variety and an ample line bundle which pulls back to a tensor power of itself. They also presented an asymptotic for the variation of this height in a family over a one-dimensional base in terms of the height on the generic fibre and the height of the parameter. Here we improve this asymptotic, saving a power in the error term. As a corollary, we give an explicit bound on the height of parameters at which the dynamical system specialized to a finite orbit, in …
We show that the dynamical degree of an (i.i.d) random sequence of dominant, rational self-maps on projective space is almost surely constant. We then apply this result to height growth and height counting problems in random orbits.
Let F and G be morphisms of degree at least 2 from P^N to P^N that are defined over the algebraic closure of Q. We define the arithmetic distance d(F,G) between F and G to be the supremum over all algebraic points P of |h_F(P)-h_G(P)|, where h_F and h_G are the canonical heights associated to the morphisms F and G, respectively. We prove comparison theorems relating d(F,G) to more naive height functions and show that for a fixed G, the set of F satisfying d(F,G) < B is a set of bounded height. In particular, there are only finitely many such F defined over any given number field.
We establish a quantitative adelic equidistribution theorem for a sequence of algebraic zeros divisors on the projective line over the separable closure of a product formula field having small diagonals and small $g$-heights with respect to an adelic normalized weight $g$ in arbitrary characteristic and in possibly non-separable setting, and obtain local proximity estimates between the iterations of a rational function $f\in k(z)$ of degree $>1$ and a rational function $a\in k(z)$ of degree $>0$ over a product formula field $k$ of characteristic $0$, applying this quantitative adelic equidistr…
Adelic line bundles on quasi-projective varieties
本书构建有限生成域上拟射影簇的阿代尔线丛理论，探讨其相交、体积与高度理论，并应用于拟射影簇代数点的高度研究。
We introduce a new class of adelic heights on the projective line. We estimate their essential minimum and prove a result of equidistribution (at every place) for points of small height with estimates on the speed of convergence. To each rational function R in one variable and defined over a number field K, is associated a normalized height on the algebraic closure of K. We show that these dynamically defined heights are adelic in our sense, and deduce from this equidistribution results for preimages of points under R at every place of K. Our approach follows that of Bilu, and relies on potent…
We construct height functions defined stochastically on projective varieties equipped with endomorphisms, and we prove that these functions satisfy analogs of the usual properties of canonical heights. Moreover, we give a dynamical interpretation of the kernel of these stochastic height functions, and in the case of the projective line, we relate the size of this kernel to the Julia sets of the original maps. Finally, as an application, we establish the finiteness of some generalized Zsigmondy sets over global fields.
Let F : P^N --> P^N be a dominant rational map. The dynamical degree of F is the quantity d_F = lim (deg F^n)^(1/n). When F is defined over a number field, we define the arithmetic degree of an algebraic point P to be a_F(P) = limsup h(F^n(P))^(1/n) and the canonical height of P to be h_F(P) = limsup h(F^n(P))/n^k d_F^n for an appropriately chosen integer k = k_F. In this article we prove some elementary relations and make some deep conjectures relating d_F, a_F(P), and h_F(P). We prove our conjectures for monomial maps.
In this paper, we consider the limit $ \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{v\in S} λ_{Y,v}(f^{n}(x))/h_{H}(f^{n}(x)) $ where $f \colon X \longrightarrow X$ is a surjective self-morphism on a smooth projective variety $X$ over a number field, $S$ is a finite set of places, $ λ_{Y,v}$ is a local height function associated with a proper closed subscheme $Y \subset X$, and $h_{H}$ is an ample height function on $X$. We give a geometric condition which ensures that the limit is zero, unconditionally when $\dim Y=0$ and assuming Vojta's conjecture when $\dim Y\geq1$. In particular, we prove (one is unconditio…
Given an endomorphism f of projective space, we exhibit explicit bounds on the difference between the naive height of a divisor and its canonical height relative to f.
The holomorphic endomorphism f of projective space is called post-critically finite (PCF) if the forward image of the critical locus, under iteration of f, has algebraic support (i.e., is a finite union of hypersurfaces). In the case of dimension 1, a deep result of Thurston implies that there are no algebraic families of PCF morphisms, other than a well-understood exceptional class known as the flexible Lattes maps. This note proves a corresponding result in arbitrary dimension, for a certain subclass of morphism. Specifically, we restrict attention to morphisms f of degree at least two, with…
We apply the theory of height zeta functions to study the asymptotic distribution of rational points of bounded height on projective equivariant compactifications of semi-direct products.
Points of bounded height in images of morphisms of weighted projective stacks with applications to counting elliptic curves
研究有界高度点在加权投射堆映射中的渐进行为，并应用于计数具有指定水平结构的椭圆曲线，包括Γ(N)、Γ₁(N)和Γ₀(N)等情形。
Here we describe the distribution of rational points on the Hilbert scheme of two points in the projective plane. More specifically, we explicitly describe a two-parameter family of height functions $H_{s, t}$, such that the height function associated to any projective embedding is equivalent to some $H_{s, t}$, up to multiplication by a bounded function. For a certain range of the parameters $(s, t)$, we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of rational points of bounded height, and for other $(s, t)$ we obtain an upper bound. The proof establishes an equivalence to a lattice point count…
Gaps in the Spectrum of Heights of Projective Points
研究了射影点高度谱中的空隙问题，通过连分数方法给出了高度的表达式，并证明了SPECTRUM由0和1/k(k≥1)组成。
In the following paper a version of the classical Mahler formula is found. The height and the measure are now relative to a self-map on a projective space of arbitrary dimension.
We compute the successive minima of the projective toric variety $X_\cA$ associated to a finite set $ \cA \subset \Z^n$. As a consequence of this computation and of the results of S.-W. Zhang on the distribution of small points, we derive estimates for the height of the subvariety $X_\cA$ and of the $\cA$-resultant. These estimates allow us to obtain an arithmetic analogue of the Bezout-Kushnirenko's theorem concerning the number of solutions of a system of polynomial equations. As an application of this result, we improve the known estimates for the height of the polynomials in the sparse Nul…
The canonical height associated to a polarized endomporhism of a projective variety, constructed by Call and Silverman and generalizing the Néron-Tate height on a polarized Abelian variety, plays an important role in the arithmetic theory of dynamical systems. We generalize this construction to polarized correspondences, prove various fundamental properties, and show how the global canonical height decomposes as an integral of a local height over the space of absolute values on the algebraic closure of the field of definition.
Limit heights and special values of the Riemann zeta function
研究射影直线与其挠点平移交点高度的分布，证明极限高度为Riemann zeta函数特殊值商的有理倍数，并从Arakelov几何视角解释为算术Bézout定理的特例。
In 1996 as part of the development of arithmetic intersection theory and Arakelov theory, Zhang defined a "GIT height function" for semi-stable algebraic cycles in projective space. In the same work, Zhang conjectured that this height function was positive. We prove this conjecture for zero-cycles and hyperplane arrangements.
Several recent papers construct auxiliary polynomials to bound the Weil height of certain classes of algebraic numbers from below. Following these techniques, the author gave a general method for introducing auxiliary polynomials to problems involving the Weil height. The height appears as a solution to a certain extremal problem involving polynomials. We further generalize the above techniques to acquire both the projective height and the height on subspaces in the same way. We further obtain lower bounds on the heights of points on some subvarieties of $\mathbb P^{N-1}(\overline{\mathbb Q})$…
Let $p$ be a prime, and let $\mathbb{Z}_p$ denote the field of integers modulo $p$. The \emph{Nathanson height} of a point $v \in \mathbb{Z}_p^n$ is the sum of the least nonnegative integer representatives of its coordinates. The Nathanson height of a subspace $V \subseteq \mathbb{Z}_p^n$ is the least Nathanson height of any of its nonzero points. In this paper, we resolve a conjecture of Nathanson [M. B. Nathanson, Heights on the finite projective line, International Journal of Number Theory, to appear], showing that on subspaces of $\mathbb{Z}_p^n$ of codimension one, the Nathanson height fu…
We define a notion of height for rational points with respect to a vector bundle on a proper algebraic stack with finite diagonal over a global field, which generalizes the usual notion for rational points on projective varieties. We explain how to compute this height for various stacks of interest (for instance: classifying stacks of finite groups, symmetric products of varieties, moduli stacks of abelian varieties, weighted projective spaces). In many cases our uniform definition reproduces ways already in use for measuring the complexity of rational points, while in others it is something n…
Heights on toric varieties for singular metrics: Global theory
本文提出了一种极核种的极值理论，通过凹函数积分计算极核算术品种的极值。
Let $k$ be a finite field extension of the function field $\bfF_p(T)$ and $\bar{k}$ its algebraic closure. We count points in projective space $\Bbb P ^{n-1}(\bar{k})$ with given height and of fixed degree $d$ over the field $k$. If $n>2d+3$ we derive an asymptotic estimate for their number as the height tends to infinity. As an application we also deduce asymptotic estimates for certain decomposable forms.
The Kawaguchi--Silverman conjecture predicts that if $f\colon X \dashrightarrow X$ is a dominant rational-self map of a projective variety over $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$, and $P$ is a $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$-point of $X$ with Zariski-dense orbit, then the dynamical and arithmetic degrees of $f$ coincide: $λ_1(f) = α_f(P)$. We prove this conjecture in several higher-dimensional settings, including all endomorphisms of non-uniruled smooth projective threefolds with degree larger than $1$, and all endomorphisms of hyper-Kähler varieties in any dimension. In the latter case, we construct a canonical…
Thin sets in weighted projective stacks
该研究证明了加权投射堆中有界高度有理点在薄子集中的上界，并展示了超椭圆曲线不具有指定非平凡层级结构的结论。
Sharp bounds on the height of K-semistable Fano varieties I, the toric case
受Fujita结果启发，本文猜想整数射影空间在K-半稳定度量算术Fano簇中高度最大，并在n≤6时证明了环面Fano簇的该猜想，给出了Donaldson环面不变量与Odaka模高度的尖锐下界。
Parametrization of geometric Beilinson--Bloch heights via adelic line bundles
本文针对光滑射影态射构造取值于几何 adelic 线丛群的新高程配对，用以参数化 Brosnan–Pearlstein 渐近配对，并证明其在条件满足时等于 Beilinson–Bloch 配对。
In 2006, Kawaguchi proved a lower bound for height of h(f(P)) when f is a regular affine automorphism of A^2, and he conjectured that a similar estimate is also true for regular affine automorphisms of A^n for n>2. In this paper we prove Kawaguchi's conjecture. This implies that Kawaguchi's theory of canonical heights for regular affine automorphisms of projective space is true in all dimensions.
A conjecture of Batyrev and Manin predicts the asymptotic behaviour of rational points of bounded height on smooth projective varieties over number fields. We prove some new cases of this conjecture for conic bundle surfaces equipped with some non-anticanonical height functions. As a special case, we verify these conjectures for the first time for some smooth cubic surfaces for height functions associated to certain ample line bundles.
A motivic Poisson formula for split algebraic tori with an application to motivic height zeta functions
本文证明了分裂代数群adelic点的motivic版本的Poisson公式，并应用于研究分裂射影toric品种的motivic高度zeta函数，基于motivic Manin-Peyre原理。
We introduce a new canonical height function for Jordan blocks of small eigenvalues for endomorphisms on smooth projective varieties over a number field. We prove that under an assumption on the eigenvalues of the endomorphism on the group of divisors modulo numerical equivalence, the arithmetic degree at a rational point is equal to one if and only if it is preperiodic under the endomorphism.
Approximation of adelic divisors and equidistribution of small points
本文研究了数域上射影簇中小高度代数点序列Galois轨道的渐近分布，推广了Yuan等分布定理，使其适用于Zhang本质最小值下界不成立的情形，并将结果扩展至所有射影簇、代数动力系统及拟射影情形。
Multi-height analysis of rational points of toric varieties
研究光滑、射影且分裂的托里克簇上有理点的多高度分布，通过将点数提升到通用 torsors 中。
Height arguments toward the dynamical Mordell-Lang problem in arbitrary characteristic
本文利用高度论证方法，证明了动力学Mordell-Lang问题中两个关键结果：关于投影变种中稠密轨道返回集的有限性及产品结构下的返回集形式一致性，揭示了动力系统中返回集的复杂性。
We show that the height of a toric variety with respect to a toric metrized line bundle can be expressed as the integral over a polytope of a certain adelic family of concave functions. To state and prove this result, we study the Arakelov geometry of toric varieties. In particular, we consider models over a discrete valuation ring, metrized line bundles, and their associated measures and heights. We show that these notions can be translated in terms of convex analysis, and are closely related to objects like polyhedral complexes, concave functions, real Monge-Ampère measures, and Legendre-Fen…
Absolute minimum of a height associated to a semipositive adelic line bundle
研究有理数域上射影簇半正定阿戴尔线丛绝对最小值问题，基于\(\mathbb{P}^1\)动力系统算术性质构造，指出其绝对最小值不由代数点达到。
Given a toric metrized R-divisor on a toric variety over a global field, we give a formula for the essential minimum of the associated height function. Under suitable positivity conditions, we also give formulae for all the successive minima. We apply these results to the study, in the toric setting, of the relation between the successive minima and other arithmetic invariants like the height and the arithmetic volume. We also apply our formulae to compute the successive minima for several families of examples, including weighted projective spaces, toric bundles and translates of subtori.
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