We construct virtual fundamental classes for dg-manifolds whose tangent sheaves have cohomology only in degrees 0 and 1. This condition is analogous to the existence of a perfect obstruction theory in the approach of Behrend-Fantechi [BF] or Li-Tian [LT]. Our class is initially defined in K-theory, as the class of the structure sheaf of the dg-manifold.
We compare our construction with that of [BF] as well as with the original proposal of Kontsevich. We prove a Riemann-Roch type result for dg-manifolds which involves integration over the virtual class. We prove a localization theorem for our virtual classes. We also associate to any dg-manifold of our type a cobordism class of almost complex (smooth) manifolds. This supports the intuition that working with dg-manifolds is the correct algebro-geometric replacement of the analytic technique of "deforming to transversal intersection".
This note is intended to be a friendly introduction to virtual classes. We review virtual classes and we give a number of properties and applications. We also include a new virtual push-forward theorem and many computations of virtual classes in simple examples.
In this paper, we compare the virtual fundamental classes of the stacks of $(g,β,μ)$-stable ramified maps $\bar{\mathfrak U}_{g,μ}(X,β)$ and of $(g,β,μ)$-log stable ramified maps $\bar{\mathfrak U}^{\mathrm{log}}_{g,μ}(X,β)$. For that we will see how they are identified via virtual normalization and then apply Costello's push-forward formula.
Some divisor class relations are proved and used to compute the Cartier divisor class of the virtual canonical bundle for genus 0 maps to a smooth target.
We give a new definition of an obstruction theory for infinitesimal deformation theory and relate it to earlier definitions of Artin, Fantechi-Manetti, Li-Tian, and Behrend-Fantechi.
We show that a perfect obstruction theory for a $\mathbb{G}_\text{m}$-gerbe determines a semi-perfect obstruction theory for its base, which is perfect if the gerbe is quasi-compact and affine-pointed. These results streamline the construction of a semi-perfect obstruction theory for the base, and allow us to relate virtual classes of the gerbe and its base.
This paper, first written in 1997, aims at a simplified and more elementary construction of algebraic-geometric virtual fundamental classes as defined by Li/Tian and Behrend/Fantechi. We replace the use of Artin stacks in the latter approach by a yoga of cone bundles of possible independent interest. We also observe a formula for virtual fundamental classes involving only the total Chern class of the index bundle and Fulton's canonical class of the moduli space.
In [DKO] we constructed virtual fundamental classes $[[ Hilb^m_V ]]$ for Hilbert schemes of divisors of topological type m on a surface V, and used these classes to define the Poincare invariant of V: (P^+_V,P^-_V): H^2(V,Z) --> Λ^* H^1(V,Z) x Λ^* H^1(V,Z) We conjecture that this invariant coincides with the full Seiberg-Witten invariant computed with respect to the canonical orientation data. In this note we prove that the existence of an integral curve $C \subset V$ induces relations between some of these virtual fundamental classes $[[Hilb^m_V ]]$. The corresponding relations for the Poinca…
For a simple, rigid vector bundle $F$ on a Calabi-Yau $3$-fold $Y$, we construct a symmetric obstruction theory on the Quot scheme $\textrm{Quot}_Y(F,n)$, and we solve the associated enumerative theory. We discuss the case of other $3$-folds. Exploiting the critical structure on $\textrm{Quot}_{\mathbb A^3}(\mathscr O^r,n)$, we construct a virtual motive (in the sense of Behrend-Bryan-Szendrői) for $\textrm{Quot}_Y(F,n)$ for an arbitrary vector bundle $F$ on a smooth $3$-fold $Y$. We compute the associated motivic partition function. We obtain new examples of higher rank (motivic) Donaldson-Th…
We construct the étale motivic Borel-Moore homology of derived Artin stacks. Using a derived version of the intrinsic normal cone, we construct fundamental classes of quasi-smooth derived Artin stacks and demonstrate functoriality, base change, excess intersection, and Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch formulas. These classes also satisfy a general cohomological Bézout theorem which holds without any transversity hypotheses. The construction is new even for classical stacks and as one application we extend Gabber's proof of the absolute purity conjecture to Artin stacks.
Let V be a convex vector bundle over a smooth projective manifold X, and let Y be the subset of X which is the zero locus of a regular section of V. This mostly expository paper discusses a conjecture which relates the virtual fundamental classes of X and Y. Using an argument due to Gathmann, we prove a special case of the conjecture. The paper concludes with a discussion of how our conjecture relates to the mirror theorems in the literature.
We construct virtual fundamental classes on nested Hilbert schemes of points and curves in complex nonsingular projective surfaces. These classes recover the virtual classes of Seiberg-Witten theory as well as the (reduced) stable theory, and play a crucial role in the reduced Donaldson-Thomas theory of local-surface-threefolds that we study in [GSY17b] (arXiv:1807.05697). We show that certain integrals against the virtual fundamental classes of punctual nested Hilbert schemes are expressed as integrals over the products of the Hilbert scheme of points. We are able to find explicit formulas fo…
We compute tautological integrals over Quot schemes on curves and surfaces. After obtaining several explicit formulas over Quot schemes of dimension 0 quotients on curves (and finding a new symmetry), we apply the results to tautological integrals against the virtual fundamental classes of Quot schemes of dimension 0 and 1 quotients on surfaces (using also universality, torus localization, and cosection localization). The virtual Euler characteristics of Quot schemes of surfaces, a new theory parallel to the Vafa-Witten Euler characteristics of the moduli of bundles, is defined and studied. Co…
We prove a localization formula for the moduli space of stable relative maps. As an application, we prove that all codimension i tautological classes on the moduli space of stable pointed curves vanish away from strata corresponding to curves with at least i-g+1 genus 0 components. (The proof of this result is quite short and naive.) As consequences, we prove and generalize various conjectures and theorems about various moduli spaces of curves (due to Getzler, Ionel, Faber, Looijenga, Pandharipande, Diaz, and others). This theorem appears to be the geometric content behind these results; the r…
We establish cosection localization and vanishing results for virtual fundamental classes of derived manifolds, combining the theory of derived differential geometry by Joyce with the theory of cosection localization by Kiem-Li. As an application, we show that the stable pair invariants of hyperkähler fourfolds, defined by Cao-Maulik-Toda, are zero.
We solve Teissier's proportionality problem for transcendental nef classes over a compact Kähler manifold which says that the equality in the Khovanskii-Teissier inequalities hold for two nef and big classes if and only if the two classes are proportional. This result recovers the previous one of Boucksom-Favre-Jonsson for the case of nef and big line bundles over a (complex) projective algebraic manifold.
A complete description of the deformation classes of real ruled manifolds is given. In particular, we prove that once the complex deformation class is fixed, the real deformation class is prescribed by the topology of the real structure.
We prove a localization formula for virtual fundamental classes in the context of torus equivariant perfect obstruction theories. As an application, the higher genus Gromov-Witten invariants of projective space are expressed as graph sums of tautological integrals over moduli spaces of stable pointed curves (generalizing Kontsevich's genus 0 formulas). Also, excess integrals over spaces of higher genus multiple covers are computed.
Moduli spaces of stable maps to a smooth projective variety typically have several components. We express the virtual class of the moduli space of genus one stable maps to a smooth projective variety as a sum of virtual classes of the components. The key ingredient is a generalised functoriality result for virtual classes. We show that the natural maps from 'ghost' components of the genus one moduli space to moduli spaces of genus zero stable maps satisfy the strong push forward property. As a consequence, we give a cycle-level formula which relates standard and reduced genus one Gromov--Witte…
In this paper, we discuss the cycle theory on moduli spaces $\cF_h$ of $h$-polarized hyperkähler manifolds. Firstly, we construct the tautological ring on $\cF_h$ following the work of Marian, Oprea and Pandharipande on the tautological conjecture on moduli spaces of K3 surfaces. We study the tautological classes in cohomology groups and prove that most of them are linear combinations of Noether-Lefschetz cycle classes. In particular, we prove the cohomological version of the tautological conjecture on moduli space of K3$^{[n]}$-type hyperkähler manifolds with $n\leq 2$. Secondly, we prove the…
We study the cycle-valued reduced Gromov-Witten theory of a nonsingular projective K3 surface. For primitive curve classes, we prove that the correspondence induced by the reduced virtual fundamental class respects the tautological rings. Our proof uses monodromy over the moduli space of K3 surfaces, degeneration formulae and virtual localization. As a consequence of the monodromy argument, we verify an invariance property for Gromov-Witten invariants of K3 surfaces in primitive curve class conjectured by Oberdieck-Pandharipande.
We obtain an algorithm computing the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson (CSM) classes of Schubert cells in a generalized flag manifold G/B. In analogy to how the ordinary divided difference operators act on Schubert classes, each CSM class of a Schubert class is obtained by applying certain Demazure-Lusztig type operators to the CSM class of a cell of dimension one less. These operators define a representation of the Weyl group on the homology of G/B. By functoriality, we deduce algorithmic expressions for CSM classes of Schubert cells in any flag manifold G/P. We conjecture that the CSM classes of Sch…
This note is an erratum to the paper "Tautological classes on moduli spaces of hyper-Kähler manifolds." Thorsten Beckman and Mirko Mauri have pointed to us a gap in the proof of \cite[Theorem 8.2.1]{Duke}. We do not know how to correct the proof. We can only recover a partial statement. This gap affects the proof of one of the two main results of \cite{Duke}, we explain how to correct it.
This paper deals with rational curves and birational contractions on irreducible holomorphically symplectic manifold. We survey some recent results about minimal rational curves, their deformations, extremal rays associated with these curves, and the geometry of the Kähler cone.
We study classes $P_{g,T}(α;β)$ on the moduli space of stable, genus g curves with rational tails defined by pushing forward the virtual fundamental classes of spaces of relative stable maps to an unparameterized projective line. A comparison with classes $Q_{g,T}$ arising from sections of the universal Jacobian shows the classes $P_{g,T}(α;β)$ are polynomial in the parts of the partitions indexing the special ramification data. Virtual localization on moduli spaces of relative stable maps gives sufficient relations to compute the coefficients of these polynomials in various cases.
We construct a twist-closed enhancement of the category ${\mathcal D}^b_{\rm coh}(X)$, the bounded derived category of complexes of ${\mathcal O}_X$-modules with coherent cohomology, by means of the DG-category of $\bar\partial$-superconnections. Then we apply the techniques of $\bar\partial$-superconnections to define Chern classes and Bott-Chern classes of objects in the category, in particular, of coherent sheaves.
We construct virtual fundamental classes in all intersection theories including Chow theory, K-theory and algebraic cobordism for quasi-projective Deligne-Mumford stacks with perfect obstruction theories and prove the virtual pullback formula, the virtual torus localization formula and cosection localization principle.
We prove that the complex cobordism class of any hyper-Kähler manifold of dimension $2n$ is a unique combination with rational coefficients of classes of products of punctual Hilbert schemes of $K3$ surfaces. We also prove a similar result using the generalized Kummer varieties instead of punctual Hilbert schemes. As a key step, we establish a closed formula for the top Chern character of their tangent bundles.
An MBM locus on a hyperkahler manifold is the union of all deformations of a minimal rational curve with negative self-intersection. MBM loci can be equivalently defined as centers of bimeromorphic contractions. It was shown that the MBM loci on deformation equivalent hyperkahler manifolds are diffeomorphic. We determine the MBM loci on a hyperkahler manifold of K3-type of low dimension using a deformation to a Hilbert scheme of a non-algebraic K3 surface.
Let $({\bf X},ω_{\bf X}^*)$ be a separated, $-2$-shifted symplectic derived $\mathbb C$-scheme, in the sense of Pantev, Toen, Vezzosi and Vaquie arXiv:1111.3209, of complex virtual dimension ${\rm vdim}_{\mathbb C}{\bf X}=n\in\mathbb Z$, and $X_{\rm an}$ the underlying complex analytic topological space. We prove that $X_{\rm an}$ can be given the structure of a derived smooth manifold ${\bf X}_{\rm dm}$, of real virtual dimension ${\rm vdim}_{\mathbb R}{\bf X}_{\rm dm}=n$. This ${\bf X}_{\rm dm}$ is not canonical, but is independent of choices up to bordisms fixing the underlying topological …
In this paper, we compute the virtual classes in the Grothendieck ring of algebraic varieties of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$-character varieties over compact orientable surfaces with parabolic points of semi-simple type. When the parabolic punctures are chosen to be semi-simple non-generic, we show that a new interaction phenomenon appears generating a recursive pattern.
The aim of this note is to give a simple definition of genus zero virtual orientation classes (or fundamental classes) for projective complete intersections or, more generally, for complete intersections in convex varieties, and to prove a push forward formula for them.
These expository notes are based on a series of lectures given at the May 2018 Snowbird workshop, Crossing the Walls in Enumerative Geometry. We give an introductory treatment of the notion of a virtual fundamental class in algebraic geometry, and describe a new construction of the virtual fundamental class for Gromov-Witten theory of a hypersurface. The results presented here are based on joint work with I. Ciocan-Fontanine, D. Favero, J. Guéré, and B. Kim.
In general, a Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence establishes an isomorphism between a moduli space of stable algebraic geometric objects and a moduli space of solutions of a certain (generalized) Hermite-Einstein equation. We believe that, for a large class of moduli problems, this correspondence respects the virtual fundamental classes defined in the two categories. We prove this statement in an interesting case, namely the moduli problem associated with the symplectic factorization problem which yields the complete toric varieties. Therefore, our main objects are the moduli spaces of "twisted"…
In this paper, we use a geometric technique developed by González-Prieto, Logares, Muñoz, and Newstead to study the $G$-representation variety of surface groups $\mathfrak{X}_G(Σ_g)$ of arbitrary genus for $G$ being the group of upper triangular matrices of fixed rank. Explicitly, we compute the virtual classes in the Grothendieck ring of varieties of the $G$-representation variety and the moduli space of $G$-representations of surface groups for $G$ being the group of complex upper triangular matrices of rank $2$, $3$, and $4$ via constructing a topological quantum field theory. Furthermore, …
We use virtual neighborhood technique to establish GW-invariants, Quantum cohomology, equivariant GW-invariants, equivariant quantum cohomology and Floer cohomology for general symplectic manifold. We also establish GW-invariants for a family of symplectic manifolds. As a consequence, we prove Arnold conjecture for nondegenerate Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms.
We give a negative answer to a question posed by Severi in 1951, whether the Abelian Varieties are the only projective manifolds with trivial Chern classes. By Yau' s celebrated result, compact Kähler manifolds with trivial Chern classes must be flat, that is, they belong to the class of Hyperelliptic Manifolds (quotients $T/G$ of a complex torus $T$ by the free action of a finite group $G$). We exhibit simple examples of projective Hyperelliptic Manifolds which are not Abelian varieties and whose Chern classes are zero not only in integral cohomology, but also in the Chow ring. We prove moreo…
In this paper, we construct a lax monoidal Topological Quantum Field Theory that computes virtual classes, in the Grothendieck ring of algebraic varieties, of $G$-representation varieties over manifolds with conic singularities, which we will call nodefolds. This construction is valid for any algebraic group $G$, in any dimension and also in the parabolic setting. In particular, this TQFT allow us to compute the virtual classes of representation varieties over complex singular planar curves. In addition, in the case $G = \mathrm{SL}_{2}(k)$, the virtual class of the associated character variet…
On the virtual invariants of zero entropy groups of compact Kähler manifolds
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；National Taiwan University（台湾大学）；National Center for Theoretical Sciences（国家理论科学中心）；the University of Tokyo（东京大学）
