The growth of Hilbert coefficients for powers of ideals are studied. For a graded ideal $I$ in the polynomial ring $S=K[x_1,...,x_n]$ and a finitely generated graded $S$-module, the Hilbert coefficients $e_i(M/I^kM)$ are polynomial functions. Given two families of graded ideals $(I_k)_{k\geq 0}$ and $(J_k)_{k\geq 0}$ with $J_k\subset I_k$ for all $k$ with the property that $J_kJ_\ell\subset J_{k+\ell}$ and $I_kI_\ell\subset I_{k+\ell}$ for all $k$ and $\ell$, and such that the algebras $A=\Dirsum_{k\geq 0}J_k$ and $B=\Dirsum_{k\geq 0}I_k$ are finitely generated, we show the function $k \mapsto_0(I_k/J_k)$ is of quasi-polynomial type, say given by the polynomials $P_0,..., P_{g-1}$. If $J_k = J^k$ for all $k$ then we show that all the $P_i$ have the same degree and the same leading coefficient. As one of the applications it is shown that $\lim_{k\to \infty}\length(Γ_\mm(S/I^k))/k^n \in \mathbb{Q}.$ We also study analogous statements in the local case.
We give an explicit formula for the Hilbert-Poincaré series of the parity binomial edge ideal of a complete graph $K_{n}$ or equivalently for the ideal generated by all $2\times 2$-permanents of a $2\times n$-matrix. It follows that the depth and Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of these ideals are independent of $n$.
We prove that the Hilbert-Kunz function of the ideal $(I,It)$ of the Rees algebra $\mathcal{R}(I)$, where $I$ is an $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideal of a $1$-dimensional local ring $(R,\mathfrak{m})$, is a quasi-polynomial in $e$, for large $e.$ For $s \in \mathbb{N}$, we calculate the Hilbert-Samuel function of the $R$-module $I^{[s]}$ and obtain an explicit description of the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function of the ideal $(I,It)\mathcal{R}(I)$ when $I$ is a parameter ideal in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension $d \geq 2$, proving that the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function is a piecewise p…
This paper gives an upper bound of the second Hilbert coefficients ${\mathrm{e}}_2(I)$ of $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals $I$ in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring $(A,{\mathfrak{m}})$ in terms of the sectional genera of $I$.
Let $G$ be a finite simple graph on $n$ vertices and $J_G$ denote the corresponding binomial edge ideal in the polynomial ring $S = K[x_1, \ldots, x_n, y_1, \ldots, y_n].$ In this article, we compute the Hilbert series of binomial edge ideal of decomposable graphs in terms of Hilbert series of its indecomposable subgraphs. Also, we compute the Hilbert series of binomial edge ideal of join of two graphs and as a consequence we obtain the Hilbert series of complete $k$-partite graph, fan graph, multi-fan graph and wheel graph.
In this paper, we explore a relationship between Hilbert functions and the irreducible decompositions of ideals in local rings. Applications are given to characterize the regularity, Gorensteinness, Cohen-Macaulayness and sequentially Cohen-Macaulayness of local rings.
We provide suitable conditions under which the asymptotic limit of the Hilbert-Samuel coefficients of the Frobenius powers of an $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideal exists in a Noetherian local ring $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ with prime characteristic $p>0.$ This, in turn, gives an expression of the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of powers of the ideal. We also prove that for a face ring $R$ of a simplicial complex and an ideal $J$ generated by pure powers of the variables, the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function $\ell(R/(J^{[q]})^k)$ is a polynomial for all $q,k$ and also give an expression of the generalized Hilb…
We consider the non-positivity of the Hilbert coefficients for a parameter ideal of a commutative Noetherian local ring. In particular, we show that the second Hilbert coefficient of a parameter ideal of depth at least d-1 is always non-positive and give a condition for the coefficient to be zero. With the added condition that the depth of the associated graded ring is also at least d- we show $e_{i}(q) \leq 0$ for $i=1, ..., d$.
We give a new proof of Hilbert's Syzygy Theorem for monomial ideals. In addition, we prove the following. If S=k[x_1,...,x_n] is a polynomial ring over a field, M is a squarefree monomial ideal in S, and each minimal generator of M has degree larger than i, then the projective dimension of S/M is at most n-i.
We give bounds for the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of the product of two ideals, and we characterize the equality in terms of the tight closures of the ideals. Connections are drawn with $*$-spread and with ordinary length calculations.
Let I and J be homogeneous ideals in a standard graded polynomial ring. We study upper bounds of the Hilbert function of the intersection of I and g(J), where g is a general change of coordinates. Our main result gives a generalization of Green's hyperplane section theorem.
This paper purposes to characterize Noetherian local rings $(A, {\mathfrak m})$ of positive dimension such that the first Hilbert coefficients of ${\mathfrak m}$-primary ideals in $A$ range among only finitely many values. Examples are explored.
We introduce the fractal expansions, sequences of integers associated to a number. We show that these sequences characterize the O-sequences and encode some information on lex segment ideals. Moreover, we introduce a numerical functions called fractal functions, and we show that fractal functions can be used to classify the Hilbert functions of bigraded algebras.
We give two algorithms for computing the Hilbert depth of a \emph{graded ideal} in the polynomial ring. These algorithms work efficiently for (squarefree) lex ideals. As a consequence, we construct counterexamples to some conjectures made by Shen in \cite{B:Sh2}.
In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the minimal reductions of $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals of Cohen--Macaulay local rings. Using this algorithm, we are able to compute the Hilbert--Samuel multiplicities and solve the membership problem for the integral closure of $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals.
We give conjectures on the "asymptotic" behaviour of the Hilbert series of (quotients by) generic ideals in the exterior algebra, as the number of variables tend to infinity. Our conjectures are supported by extensive computer calculations.
In this paper we explore the almost Cohen-Macaulayness of the associated graded ring of stretched $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals with small first Hilbert coefficient in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring $(A,\mathfrak{m})$. In particular, we explore the structure of stretched $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals satisfying the equality $\mathrm{e}_1(I)=\mathrm{e}_0(I)-\ell_A(A/I)+4$ where $\mathrm{e}_0(I)$ and $\mathrm{e}_1(I)$ denote the multiplicity and the first Hilbert coefficient respectively.
Let $(R,\mathfrak m)$ be an analytically unramified local ring of positive prime characteristic $p.$ For an ideal $I$, let $I^*$ denote its tight closure. We introduce the tight Hilbert function $H^*_I(n)=\ell(R/(I^n)^*)$ and the corresponding tight Hilbert polynomial $P_I^*(n)$ where $I$ is an $\mathfrak m$-primary ideal. It is proved that $F$-rationality can be detected by the vanishing of the first coefficient of $P_I^*(n).$ We find the tight Hilbert polynomial of certain parameter ideals in hypersurface rings and Stanley-Reisner rings of simplicial complexes.
Given a local Cohen-Macaulay ring $(R, {\mathfrak m})$, we study the interplay between the integral closedness -- or even the normality -- of an ${\mathfrak m}$-primary $R$-ideal $I$ and conditions on the Hilbert coefficients of $I$. We relate these properties to the depth of the associated graded ring of $I$.
Let $(R, \mathfrak m)$ be an unmixed Noetherian local ring, Q a parameter ideal and $K$ an $\mathfrak m$-primary ideal of $R$ containing $Q$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for $R$ to be Cohen-Macaulay in terms of $g_0(Q)$ and $g_1(Q)$, the Hilbert coefficients of $Q$ with respect to $K$. As a consequence, we obtain a result of Ghezzi et al. which settles the negativity conjecture of W. V. Vasconcelos [15] in unmixed local rings.
There is a longstanding conjecture by Fröberg about the Hilbert series of the ring $R/I$, where $R$ is a polynomial ring, and $I$ an ideal generated by generic forms. We prove this conjecture true in the case when $I$ is generated by a large number of forms, all of the same degree. We also conjecture that an ideal generated by $m$'th powers of forms of degree $d$ gives the same Hilbert series as an ideal generated by generic forms of degree $md$. We verify this in several cases. This also gives a proof of the first conjecture in some new cases.
Let $A = K[x_1, ..., x_n]$ denote the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$. We will classify all the Gotzmann ideals of $A$ with at most $n$ generators. In addition, we will study Hilbert functions $H$ for which all homogeneous ideals of $A$ with the Hilbert function $H$ have the same graded Betti numbers. These Hilbert functions will be called inflexible Hilbert functions. We introduce the notion of segmentwise critical Hilbert function and show that segmentwise critical Hilbert functions are inflexible.
The conjecture of Wolmer Vasconcelos on the vanishing of the first Hilbert coefficient $e_1(Q)$ is solved affirmatively, where $Q$ is a parameter ideal in a Noetherian local ring. Basic properties of the rings for which $e_1(Q)$ vanishes are derived. The invariance of $e_1(Q)$ for parameter ideals $Q$ and its relationship to Buchsbaum rings are studied.
We define a function, called s-multiplicity, that interpolates between Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity and Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity by comparing powers of ideals to the Frobenius powers of ideals. The function is continuous in s, and its value is equal to Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity for small values of s and is equal to Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity for large values of s. We prove that it has an Associativity Formula generalizing the Associativity Formulas for Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity. We also define a family of closures such that if two ideals have the same s-closure then they ha…
Given the Hilbert function $u$ of a closed subscheme of a projective space over an infinite field $K$, let $m_u$ and $M_u$ be, respectively, the minimum and the maximum among all the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities of schemes with Hilbert function $u$. I show that, for every integer $m$ such that $m_u \leq m \leq M_u$, there exists a scheme with Hilbert function $u$ and Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m$. As a consequence, the analogous algebraic result for an O-sequence $f$ and homogeneous polynomial ideals over $K$ with Hilbert function $f$ holds too. Although this result does not need any …
We study Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of the powers of an ideal and establish existence of the second coefficient at the full level of generality, thus extending a recent result of Trivedi. We describe the second coefficient as the limit of the Hilbert coefficients of Frobenius powers and show that it is additive in short exact sequences and satisfies a Northcott-type inequality.
In this paper, we investigate the behavior of almost reverse lexicographic ideals with the Hilbert function of a complete intersection. More precisely, over a field $K$, we give a new constructive proof of the existence of the almost revlex ideal $J\subset K[x_1,\dots,x_n]$, with the same Hilbert function as a complete intersection defined by $n$ forms of degrees $d_1\leq \dots \leq d_n$. Properties of the reduction numbers for an almost revlex ideal have an important role in our inductive and constructive proof, which is different from the more general construction given by Pardue in 2010. We…
Using vanishing of graded components of local cohomology modules of the Rees algebra of the normal filtration of an ideal, we give bounds on the normal reduction number. This helps to get necessary and sufficient conditions in Cohen-Macaulay local rings of dimension $d\geq 3$, for the vanishing of the normal Hilbert coefficients $\overline{e}_k(I)$ for $k\leq d,$ in terms of the normal reduction number.
We construct isomorphisms of the Grothendieck group of a projective space and other groups related to Hilbert polynomials and total Chern classes. This is inspired by a correspondence between Chern and Hilbert polynomials stated in Eisenbud's Commutative Algebra. The equivalence of these two polynomials over the projective spaces is also discussed in this paper.
The Hilbert function, its generating function and the Hilbert polynomial of a graded ring R have been extensively studied since the famous paper of Hilbert: Ueber die Theorie der algebraischen Formen [Hil90]. In particular, the coefficients and the degree of the Hilbert polynomial play an important role in Algebraic Geometry. If the ring grading is non-standard, then its Hilbert function is not eventually equal to a polynomial but to a quasi-polynomial. It turns out that a Hilbert quasi-polynomial P of degree n splits into a polynomial S of degree n and a lower degree quasi-polynomial T. We ha…
In this paper we find the tight closure of powers of parameter ideals of certain diagonal hypersurface rings. In many cases the associated graded ring with respect to tight closure filtration turns out to be Cohen-Macaulay. This helps us find the tight Hilbert polynomial in these diagonal hypersurfaces. We determine the tight Hilbert polynomial in the following cases: (1) F-pure diagonal hypersurfaces where number of variables is equal to the degree of defining equation, (2) diagonal hypersurface rings where characteristic of the ring is one less than the degree of defining equation and (3) qu…
Let $R$ be the polynomial ring $K[x_{i,j}]$ where $1 \le i \le r$ and $j \in \mathbb{N}$, and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$ stable under the natural action of the infinite symmetric group $S_{\infty}$. Nagel--Römer recently defined a Hilbert series $H_I(s,t)$ of $I$ and proved that it is rational. We give a much shorter proof of this theorem using tools from the theory of formal languages and a simple algorithm that computes the series.
Let $M$ be an ideal in $K[x_1,...,x_n]$ ($K$ is a field) generated by products of linear forms and containing a homogeneous regular sequence of some length. We prove that ideals containing $M$ satisfy the Eisenbud-Green-Harris conjecture and moreover prove that the Cohen-Macaulay property is preserved. We conclude that monomial ideals satisfy this conjecture. We obtain that $h$-vector of Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complex $Δ$ is the $h$-vector of Cohen-Macaulay $(a_1-1,...,a_t-1)$-balanced simplicial complex where $t$ is the height of the Stanley-Reisner ideal of $Δ$ and $(a_1,...,a_t)$ is the …
We consider a finite dimensional representation of the dihedral group $D_{2p}$ over a field of characteristic two where $p$ is an odd prime and study the corresponding Hilbert ideal $I_H$. We show that $I_H$ has a universal Gr\" {o}bner basis consisting of invariants and monomials only. We provide sharp bounds for the degree of an element in this basis and in a minimal generating set for $I_H$. We also compute the top degree of coinvariants.
In this paper, we obtain explicit formulas for the Hilbert series and Hilbert depth of squarefree Veronese ideals in a standard graded polynomial ring.
Let $p$ be a prime number, $\Bbbk$ a field of characteristic $p$ and $G$ a finite $p$-group. Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional linear representation of $G$ over $\Bbbk$. Write $S = \mathrm{Sym} V^*$. For a class of $p$-groups which we call generalised Nakajima groups, we prove the following: \begin{enumerate} \item The Hilbert ideal is a complete intersection. As a consequence, for the case of generalised Nakajima groups, we prove a conjecture of Shank and Wehlau (reformulated by Broer) that asserts that if the invariant subring $S^G$ is a direct summand of $S$ as $S^G$-modules then $S^G$ is a p…
The equivariant Hilbert series of an ideal generated by an orbit of a monomial under the action of the monoid $\mbox{Inc}(\mathbb{N})$ of strictly increasing functions is determined. This is used to find the dimension and degree of such an ideal. The result also suggests that the description of the denominator of an equivariant Hilbert series of an arbitrary $\mbox{Inc}(\mathbb{N})$-invariant ideal as given by Nagel and Römer is rather efficient.
The Hilbert polynomial of a homogeneous complete intersection is determined by the degrees of the generators of the defining ideal. The degrees of the generators are not, in general, determined by the Hilbert polynomial -- but sometimes they are. When? We give some general criteria and completely answer the question up to codimension 6.
We show that there exists a saturated graded ideal in a standard graded polynomial ring which has the largest total Betti numbers among all saturated graded ideals for a fixed Hilbert polynomial.
We survey some of the major results about normal Hilbert polynomials of ideals. We discuss a formula due to Lipman for complete ideals in regular local rings of dimension two, theorems of Huneke, Itoh, Huckaba, Marley and Rees in Cohen-Macaulay analytically unramified local rings. We also discuss recent works of Goto-Hong-Mandal and Mandal-Singh-Verma concerning the positivity of the first coefficient of the normal Hilbert polynomial in unmixed analytically unramified local rings. Results of Moral{é}s and Villarreal linking normal Hilbert polynomial of monomial ideals with Ehrhart polynomials …
Let $A = K[x_1, ..., x_n]$ denote the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$ with each $°x_i = 1$. Let $I$ be a homogeneous ideal of $A$ with $I \ne A$ and $H_{A/I}$ the Hilbert function of the quotient algebra $A / I$. Given a numerical function $H : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying $H=H_{A/I}$ for some homogeneous ideal $I$ of $A$, we write $\mathcal{A}_H$ for the set of those integers $0 \leq r \leq n$ such that there exists a homogeneous ideal $I$ of $A$ with $H_{A/I} = H$ and with $\depth A / I = r$. It will be proved that one has either $\mathcal{A}_H = \{0, 1, ..., b \}$…
Let $(R, m)$ be a $d$-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring. In this note we prove, in a very elementary way, an upper bound of the first normalized Hilbert coefficient of a $m$-primary ideal $I\subset R$ that improves all known upper bounds unless for a finite number of cases. We also provide new upper bounds of the Hilbert functions of $I$ extending the known bounds for the maximal ideal.
We study the normalization of a monomial ideal, and show how to compute its Hilbert function (using Ehrhart polynomials) if the ideal is zero dimensional. A positive lower bound for the second coefficient of the Hilbert polynomial is shown.
We associate to each $r$-multigraded, locally finitely generated ideal in the "large polynomial ring" on countably many indeterminates a power series in $r$ variables; this power series is the limit in the adic topology of the numerators of the rational functions which give the Hilbert series of the truncations of the ideal. We characterise the set of all power series so obtained. Our main technical tools are an approximation result which asserts that truncation and the forming of initial ideals commute in a filtered sense, and standard inclusion/exclusion, Möbius inversion, and LCM-lattice ho…
Let $G$ be a bipartite graph and $I(G)$ the toric ideal associated to the graph $G$. In this article we calculate Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of the graph $G$ for which the toric ideal $I(G)$ is generated by a quadratic binomials and it satiesfies some conditions.
We study the generic initial ideals (gin) of certain ideals that arise in modular invariant theory. For all cases an explicit generating set is known we calculate the generic initial ideal of the Hilbert ideal of a cyclic group of prime order for all monomial orders. We also clarify the Klein four group and note that its Hilbert ideals are Borel fixed with certain orderings of the variables. In all situations we consider, there is a monomial order such that the gin of the Hilbert ideal is equal to its initial ideal. Along the way we show that gin respects a permutation of the variables in the …
Over a regular local ring of dimension two with maximal ideal m, we study the Buchsbaum-Rim multiplicity of a finitely generated module M of finite colength in a free module F. First, we investigate the colength of an m-primary ideal and its Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity using linkage theory. As applications, we establish several multiplicity formula that express the Buchsbaum-Rim multiplicity of M in terms of the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicities of ideals related to a certain minimal reduction U of M. Moreover, there exists m-primary Bourbaki ideals I and J of the modules F and M respectively such…
Let (R, m) be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring and I be an m-primary ideal. We introduce ideals of almost minimal mixed multiplicty which are analogues of ideals studied by J. Sally. The main theorem describes the Hilbert series of fiber cones of these ideals.
The present paper investigates properties of quasi-stable ideals and of Borel-fixed ideals in a polynomial ring $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$, in order to design two algorithms: the first one takes as input $n$ and an admissible Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$, and outputs the complete list of saturated quasi-stable ideals in the chosen polynomial ring with the given Hilbert polynomial. The second algorithm has an extra input, the characteristic of the field $k$, and outputs the complete list of saturated Borel-fixed ideals in $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$ with Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$. The key tool for the proof of bot…
We introduce the $k$-strong Lefschetz property ($k$-SLP) and the $k$-weak Lefschetz property ($k$-WLP) for graded Artinian $K$-algebras, which are generalizations of the Lefschetz properties. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1. Let $I$ be a graded ideal of $R=K[x_1, x_2, x_3]$ whose quotient ring $R/I$ has the SLP. Then the generic initial ideal of $I$ is the unique almost revlex ideal with the same Hilbert function as $R/I$. 2. Let $I$ be a graded ideal of $R=K[x_1, x_2, ..., x_n]$ whose quotient ring $R/I$ has the $n$-SLP. Suppose that all $k$-th differences of the Hil…
