Wen-Chen Chi, Hung-Min Liao, Ki-Seng Tan
In this note, we give a short proof of the existence of certain abelian extension over a given global field $K$. This result implies that for every positive integer $m$, there exists an abelian extension $L/K$ of exponent $m$ such that the $m$-torsion subgroup of $\Br(K)$ equals $\Br(L/K)$.
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We relate the Brauer group of a Kummer surface to the Brauer group of the corresponding abelian surface. For many pairs of elliptic curves over the rational numbers we prove that the Kummer surface attached to their product has trivial Brauer group.
p-Primary Torsion of the Brauer Group in Characteristic p
研究特征p>0的代数闭域上光滑完备簇的Brauer群的p-主分量，利用平展上同调与de Rham-Witt复形建立计算框架。
We use recent advances in the local evaluation of Brauer elements to study the role played by {\it odd} torsion elements of the Brauer group in the arithmetic of diagonal quartic surfaces over {\it arbitrary} number fields. We show that over a local field if the order of the Brauer element is odd and coprime to the residue characteristic then the evaluation map it induces on the local points is constant. Over number fields we give a sufficient condition on the coefficients of the equation, which is mild and easy to check, so that the odd torsion does not obstruct weak approximation. We also no…
Boundedness of the p-primary torsion of the Brauer group of products of varieties
本研究证明域上簇乘积的Brauer群商群有有限指数，给出阿贝尔簇Brauer群p-准素挠有界性的直接证法，并解答了Kummer曲面超越Brauer群相关的公开问题。
We construct unramified central simple algebras representing 2-torsion classes in the Brauer group of a hyperelliptic curve, and show that every 2-torsion class can be constructed this way when the curve has a rational Weierstrass point or when the base field is C_1. In general, we show that a large (but in general proper) subgroup of the 2-torsion classes are given by the construction. Examples demonstrating applications to the arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves defined over number fields are given.
We determine the odd order torsion subgroup of the Brauer group of diagonal quartic surfaces over the field of rational numbers. We show that a non-constant Brauer element of odd order always obstructs weak approximation but never the Hasse principle.
Transcendental Brauer elements are notoriously difficult to compute. Work of Wittenberg, and later, Ieronymou, gives a method for computing 2-torsion transcendental classes on surfaces that have a genus 1 fibration with rational 2-torsion in the Jacobian fibration. We use ideas from a descent paper of Poonen and Schaefer to remove this assumption on the rational 2-torsion.
It is shown that, over a field of characteristic not $2$, the dimension of an anisotropic quadratic Pfister form of trivial total signature is at most twice the dimension of some central division algebra of exponent $2$. The proof is based on computations with quadratic trace forms of central simple algebras.
Boundedness of the $p$-primary torsion of the Brauer group of an abelian variety
本文证明特征p>0的有限生成域上阿贝尔簇的超验Brauer群的p∞-挠有界，回答了Skorobogatov–Zarhin问题的变体，并借助除子的平坦Tate猜想，同时阐明其他几何Galois不变挠类可无限p-可除且与Néron–Severi群特殊化映射非满射相关。
Zero-cycles and Brauer groups on certain Enriques surfaces
本文研究特定Enriques商曲面的零闭链Chow群与Brauer群，证明其零次子群为16-挠群，计算p进域上的超越Brauer群，并构造出含非平凡2-挠元的Enriques曲面例子。
Varieties with prescribed finite unramified Brauer groups and subgroups precisely obstructing the Hasse principle
针对数域上簇的Hasse原理阻碍问题，证明对任意非零有限阿贝尔群对$B_0\subset B$，存在射影线上的范丛簇$X$，其非分歧Brauer群同构于$B$且$B_0$是$B$中阻碍Hasse原理的最小子群。
Brauer-Manin obstructions requiring arbitrarily many Brauer classes
本文研究定义在整体域上的射影簇，证明捕获 Brauer-Manin 障碍的 Brauer 群有限子群可能需要任意多个生成元。
We study the algebraic Brauer classes on open del Pezzo surfaces of degree $4$. I.e., on the complements of geometrically irreducible hyperplane sections of del Pezzo surfaces of degree $4$. We show that the $2$-torsion part is generated by classes of two different types. Moreover, there are two types of $4$-torsion classes. For each type, we discuss methods for the evaluation of such a class at a rational point over a $p$-adic field.
Remarks on Brauer-Manin obstruction for Weil restrictions
本文研究有限扩域下Weil限制的Brauer-Mein集性质，证明当abelianized基本群为零或Picard群为torsion-free时，X与其Weil限制存在自然识别。
Merkurjev's theorem--the statement that the 2-torsion of the Brauer group is represented by Clifford algebras of quadratic forms--is in general false when the base is no longer a field. The work of Parimala, Scharlau, and Sridharan proves the existence of smooth complete curves over local fields, over which Merkurjev's theorem is equivalent to the existence of a rational theta characteristic. Here, we prove that for smooth curves over a local field or surfaces over a finite field, replacing the Witt group by the total Witt group of all line bundle-valued quadratic forms recovers Merkurjev's th…
Let $X$ and $Y$ be smooth and projective varieties over a field $k$ finitely generated over $\mathbb Q$, and let $\ov X$ and $\ov Y$ be the varieties over an algebraic closure of $k$ obtained from $X$ and $Y$, respectively, by extension of the ground field. We show that the Galois invariant subgroup of $\Br(\ov X)\oplus \Br(\ov Y)$ has finite index in the Galois invariant subgroup of $\Br(\ov X\times\ov Y)$. This implies that the cokernel of the natural map $\Br(X)\oplus\Br(Y)\to\Br(X\times Y)$ is finite when $k$ is a number field. In this case we prove that the Brauer-Manin set of the product…
Three-Torsion Subgroups and Wild Conductors of Genus 3 Hyperelliptic Curves
本文提出用复逼近、同伦延拓和格基约化计算亏格3超椭圆曲线雅可比簇三挠子群的实用方法，并将其应用于计算导子在2处局部指数的野部分。
The Tate conjecture for divisors on varieties over number fields is equivalent to finiteness of $\ell$-primary torsion in the Brauer group. We show that this finiteness is actually uniform in one-dimensional families for varieties that satisfy the Tate conjecture for divisors -- e.g. abelian varieties and $K3$ surfaces.
Using the calculus of Steenrod operations in étale cohomology developed in [Feng17], we prove that the analogue of Tate's pairing on higher Brauer groups is alternating on 2-torsion. This improves upon a result of Jahn [Jahn15, Math. Annalen].
Bhargava, Hanke, and Shankar have recently shown that the asymptotic average $2$-torsion subgroup size of the family of class groups of monogenized cubic fields with positive and negative discriminants is $3/2$ and $2$, respectively. In this paper, we provide strong computational evidence for these asymptotes. We then develop a pair of novel conjectures that predicts, for $p$ prime, the asymptotic average $p$-torsion subgroup size in class groups of monogenized cubic fields.
For any positive integer $N$, we prove that the rational torsion subgroup of $J_0(N)$ agrees with its rational cuspidal subgroups up to a factor of $6N\prod_{p\mid N}(p^2-1)$. Moreover, for modular Jacobians of the form $J_0(DC)$ with $D$ a positive square-free integer and $C$ any positive divisor of $D$, we prove that the $ψ$-part of the torsion subgroup of $J_0(DC)$ agrees with the $ψ$-part of its cuspidal subgroup up to a factor of $6D\prod_{p\mid D}(p^2-1)$, where $ψ$ is any quadratic character of conductor dividing $C$.
Characterising local fields of positive characteristic by Galois theory and the Brauer group
本文通过绝对伽罗瓦群的小商及Brauer群的p-挠公理，在亏指数至多1的域类中同构刻画了正特征局部域，补充了Efrat-Fesenko的工作。
Differential forms and Brauer classes in positive characteristic
本文研究正特征下微分形式导出的p挠Brauer类，关联其与超奇异K3曲面Brauer群的关系，分析其对Brauer-Manin障碍的贡献，并考察相关曲面与簇的Brauer-Manin集。
If $K$ is a field of characteristic $p$ then the $p$-torsion of the Brauer group, ${}_p{\rm Br\,}(K)$, is represented by a quotient of the group of $1$-forms, $Ω^1(K)$. Namely, we have a group isomorphism $$α_p:Ω^1(K)/\langle{\rm d}a,\, (a^p-a){\rm dlog}b\, :\, a,b\in K,\, b\neq 0\rangle\to{}_p{\rm Br\,}(K),$$ given by $a{\rm d}b\mapsto [ab,b)_p$ $\forall a,b\in K$, $b\neq 0$. Here $[\cdot,\cdot )_p:K/\wp (K)\times K^\times/K^{\times p}\to{}_p{\rm Br\,}(K)$ denotes the Artin-Schreier symbol. In this paper we generalize this result. Namely, we prove that for every $n\geq 1$ we have a representa…
Let $Φ^\infty(d)$ denote the set of finite abelian groups that occur infinitely often as the torsion subgroup of an elliptic curve over a number field of degree $d$. The sets $Φ^\infty(d)$ are known for $d\le 4$. In this article we determine $Φ^\infty(5)$ and $Φ^\infty(6)$.
Let $D$ be an odd square-free positive integer and $C$ a divisor of $D$. For any quadratic character $χ$ modulo $C$, we prove that the $χ$-part of the group $J_0(DC)_\text{tor}$ of torsion points of $J_0(DC)$ coincides with the $χ$-part of its cuspidal subgroup, away from those primes of bad reduction or where possible congruences between oldforms and newforms occur.
We find a tight relationship between the torsion subgroup and the image of the mod 2 Galois representation associated to an elliptic curve defined over the rationals. This is shown using some characterizations for the squareness of the discriminant of the elliptic curve.
Unramified Brauer groups of symmetric products and the Brauer-Manin obstructions
研究光滑、射影且几何积分的变种X，其几何Picard群为 torsion-free，建立X与对称积的Brauer群同构，探讨Brauer-Manin障碍对Hasse原理和弱逼近及理点障碍的关系。
The classification of elliptic curves E over the rationals Q is studied according to their torsion subgroups E_{tors}(Q) of rational points. Explicit criteria for the classification are given when E_{tors}(Q) are cyclic groups with even orders. The generator points P of E_{tors}(Q) are also explicitly presented in each case. These results, together with recent results of K. Ono, completely solve the problem of the mentioned explicit classification when E has a rational point of order 2.
We construct examples of families of curves of genus 2 or 3 over Q whose Jacobians split completely and have various large rational torsion subgroups. For example, the rational points on a certain elliptic surface over P^1 of positive rank parameterize a family of genus-2 curves over Q whose Jacobians each have 128 rational torsion points. Also, we find the genus-3 curve 15625(X^4 + Y^4 + Z^4) - 96914(X^2 Y^2 + X^2 Z^2 + Y^2 Z^2) = 0, whose Jacobian has 864 rational torsion points. This paper has appeared in Forum Math. 12 (2000) 315-364.
Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve and let $\mathbb{Q}(D_4^\infty)$ be the compositum of all extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ whose Galois closure has Galois group isomorphic to a quotient of a subdirect product of a finite number of transitive subgroups of $D_4$. In this article we first show that $\mathbb{Q}(D_4^\infty)$ is in fact the compositum of all $D_4$ extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ and then we prove that the torsion subgroup of $E(\mathbb{Q}(D_4^\infty))$ is finite and determine the 24 possibilities for its structure. We also give a complete classification of the elliptic curves that have…
We study the torsion subgroup of the universal ordinary distribution related to a general number field. We describe a way to control this subgroup. We apply this method to the special case of an imaginary quadratic field, and we give examples of such fields where these torsion subgroups are non-trivial.
We study Kummer varieties attached to 2-coverings of abelian varieties of arbitrary dimension. Over a number field we show that the subgroup of odd order elements of the Brauer group does not obstruct the Hasse principle. Sufficient conditions for the triviality of the Brauer group are given, which allow us to give an example of a Kummer K3 surface of geometric Picard rank 17 over the rationals with trivial Brauer group. We establish the non-emptyness of the Brauer--Manin set of everywhere locally soluble Kummer varieties attached to 2-coverings of products of hyperelliptic Jacobians with larg…
An elliptic curve $E$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ is said to be good if $N_{E}^{6}<\max\!\left\{ \left\vert c_{4}^{3}\right\vert ,c_{6}^{2}\right\} $ where $N_{E}$ is the conductor of $E$ and $c_{4}$ and $c_{6}$ are the invariants associated to a global minimal model of $E$. In this article, we generalize Masser's Theorem on the existence of infinitely many good elliptic curves with full $2$-torsion. Specifically, we prove via constructive methods that for each of the fifteen torsion subgroups $T$ allowed by Mazur's Torsion Theorem, there are infinitely many good elliptic curves $E$ with $E\!\left(\math…
For those elliptic curves defined over the rational with non--trivial torsion subgroup, we find a tight relationship between the torsion subgroup itself and a Galois group naturally arising from the curve.
Transcendental Brauer groups of products of CM elliptic curves
本研究利用类域论及Skorobogatov和Zarhin的成果，计算具复乘椭圆曲线乘积的阿贝尔曲面超越布劳尔群，明确含奇阶超越元的复乘椭圆曲线，证明该元素引发弱逼近的Brauer-Manin阻碍。
We exhibit central simple algebras over the function field of a diagonal quartic surface over the complex numbers that represent the 2-torsion part of its Brauer group. We investigate whether the 2-primary part of the Brauer group of a diagonal quartic surface over a number field is algebraic and give sufficient conditions for this to be the case. In the last section we give an obstruction to weak approximation due to a transendental class on a specific diagonal quartic surface, an obstruction which cannot be explained by the algebraic Brauer group which in this case is just the constant algeb…
Let $\frak{n}$ be a square-free ideal of $\mathbb{F}_q[T]$. We study the rational torsion subgroup of the Jacobian variety $J_0(\frak{n})$ of the Drinfeld modular curve $X_0(\frak{n})$. We prove that for any prime number $\ell$ not dividing $q(q-1)$, the $\ell$-primary part of this group coincides with that of the cuspidal divisor class group. We further determine the structure of the $\ell$-primary part of the cuspidal divisor class group for any prime $\ell$ not dividing $q-1$.
A purity conjecture due to Grothendieck and Auslander--Goldman predicts that the Brauer group of a regular scheme does not change after removing a closed subscheme of codimension $\ge 2$. The combination of several works of Gabber settles the conjecture except for some cases that concern $p$-torsion Brauer classes in mixed characteristic $(0, p)$. We establish the remaining cases by using the tilting equivalence for perfectoid rings. To reduce to perfectoids, we control the change of the Brauer group of the punctured spectrum of a local ring when passing to a finite flat cover.
Using the Rost invariant for torsors under Spin groups one may define an analogue of the Arason invariant for certain hermitian forms and orthogonal involutions. We calculate this invariant explicitly in various cases, and use it to associate to every orthogonal involution with trivial discriminant and trivial Clifford invariant over a central simple algebra of even co-index a cohomology class $f_3$ of degree 3 with $μ_2$ coefficients. This invariant $f_3$ is the double of any representative of the Arason invariant; it vanishes when the algebra has degree at most 10, and also when there is a q…
Let X be a smooth double cover of a geometrically ruled surface defined over a separably closed field of characteristic different from 2. The main result of this paper is a finite presentation of the 2-torsion in the Brauer group of X with generators given by central simple algebras over the function field of X and relations coming from the Néron-Severi group of X. In particular, the result gives a central simple algebra representative for the unique nontrivial Brauer class on any Enriques surface. An example demonstrating the applications to the study of rational points is given.
Over a normal base scheme, we prove the generalized Theorem of the Cube for 1-motives and that a torsion class of the group H^2_ét(M,G_m)$ of a 1-motive M, whose pull-back via the unit section is zero, comes from an Azumaya algebra. In particular, we deduce that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, all classes of H^2_ét(M,G_m) come from Azumaya algebras.
We analyze the Brauer-Manin obstruction to rational points on the K3 surfaces over $\mathbb{Q}$ given by double covers of $\mathbb{P}^2$ ramified over a diagonal sextic. After finding an explicit set of generators for the geometric Picard group of such a surface, we find two types of infinite families of counterexamples to the Hasse principle explained by the algebraic Brauer-Manin obstruction. The first type of obstruction comes from a quaternion algebra, and the second type comes from a 3-torsion element of the Brauer group, which gives an affirmative answer to a question asked by Ieronymou …
For any number field, we prove that there exists an elliptic curve defined over this field such that its Shafarevich-Tate group has a nontrivial 2-torsion subgroup.
We show an example of Chow group of 0-cycles on surface over a p-adic field which has infinite torsion subgroup.
For a prime $p$, we study subgroups of order p of the Brauer group Br(S) of a general complex polarized K3 surface of degree 2d, generalizing earlier work of van Geemen. These groups correspond to sublattices of index p of the transcendental lattice T_S of S; we classify these lattices up to isomorphism using Nikulin's discriminant form technique. We then study geometric realizations of p-torsion Brauer elements as Brauer-Severi varieties in a few cases via projective duality. We use one of these constructions for an arithmetic application, giving new kinds of counter-examples to weak approxim…
For a homogeneous space X of a connected algebraic group G (with connected stabilizers) over a field k of characteristic zero, we construct a canonical complex of Galois modules of length 3 and a canonical isomorphism between an hypercohomology group of this complex and an explicit subgroup of the Brauer group of X. This result is obtained as a consequence of a formula describing the "algebraic Brauer group of a torsor", and it generalizes recent results by Borovoi and van Hamel, by considering non-linear groups G and by taking into account some transcendental elements in the Brauer group of X…
In this article, we determine the structure of the $p$-primary subgroup of the cuspidal rational torsion subgroup of the Jacobian $J_1(p^n)$ of the modular curve $X_1(p^n)$ for a regular prime $p$.
We study the arithmetic of certain del Pezzo surfaces of degree 2. We produce examples of Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle, coming from 2- and 4-torsion elements in the Brauer group.
On Some Diophantine Parameters of the Cyclic Torsion Subgroups of Odd Order of Elliptic Curves over $\mathbb{Q}$
本文研究有理数域上椭圆曲线奇阶循环挠子群，并给出了其若干显式丢番图参数。
Let $A$ be an elliptic curve over $\Q$ of square free conductor $N$. We prove that if $A$ has a rational torsion point of prime order $r$ such that $r$ does not divide $6N$, then $r$ divides the order of the cuspidal subgroup of $J_0(N)$.
Let $F$ be the function field of a smooth curve over the $p$-adic number field $\Q_p$. We show that for each prime-to-$p$ number $n$ the $n$-torsion subgroup $\H^2(F,μ_n)={}_n\Br(F)$ is generated by $\Z/n$-cyclic classes; in fact the $\Z/n$-length is equal to two. It follows that the Brauer dimension of $F$ is two (first proved in \cite{Sa97}), and any $F$-division algebra of period $n$ and index $n^2$ is decomposable.
For a K3 surface over a field of characteristic 2 which is finitely generated over its prime subfield, we prove that the cokernel of the natural map from the Brauer group of the base field to that of the K3 surface is finite modulo the 2-primary torsion subgroup. In characteristic different from 2, such results were previously proved by A. N. Skorobogatov and Y. G. Zarhin. We basically follow their methods with an extra care in the case of superspecial K3 surfaces using the recent results of W. Kim and K. Madapusi Pera on the Kuga-Satake construction and the Tate conjecture for K3 surfaces in …
The Brauer-Manin obstruction on algebraic stacks
本文研究代数堆上的Brauer-Manin集和配对，扩展了Colliot-Thélène和Sansuc的降理论，证明了局部由变分线性群商的堆的Brauer群的 torsion 性，并展示了Brauer-Manin障碍与其它上同调障碍的一致性。
Let X be a smooth variety over a number field k embedded as a degree d subvariety of $\mathbb{P}^n$ and suppose that X is a counterexample to the Hasse principle explained by the Brauer-Manin obstruction. We consider the question of whether the obstruction is given by the d-primary subgroup of the Brauer group, which would have both theoretic and algorithmic implications. We prove that this question has a positive answer in the case of torsors under abelian varieties, Kummer surfaces and (conditional on finiteness of Tate-Shafarevich groups) bielliptic surfaces. For Kummer varieties we show th…
Let $k$ be a perfect field and let $p$ be a prime number different from the characteristic of $k$. Let $C$ be a smooth, projective and geometrically integral $k$-curve and let $X$ be a Severi-Brauer $C$-scheme of relative dimension $p-1$ . In this paper we show that $CH^{d}(X)_{\rm{tors}}$ contains a subgroup isomorphic to $CH_{0}(X/C)$ for every $d$ in the range $2\leq d\leq p$. We deduce that, if $k$ is a number field, then $CH^{d}(X)$ is finitely generated for every $d$ in the indicated range.
We report on the computation of torsion in certain homology theories of congruence subgroups of SL(4,Z). Among these are the usual group cohomology, the Tate-Farrell cohomology, and the homology of the sharbly complex. All of these theories yield Hecke modules. We conjecture that the Hecke eigenclasses in these theories have attached Galois representations. The interpretation of our computations at the torsion primes 2,3,5 is explained. We provide evidence for our conjecture in the 15 cases of odd torsion that we found in levels up to 31.
Let $E$ be an optimal elliptic curve over $\Q$ of prime conductor $N$. We show that if for an odd prime $p$, the mod $p$ representation associated to $E$ is reducible (in particular, if $p$ divides the order of the torsion subgroup of $E(\Q)$), then the $p$-primary component of the Shafarevich-Tate group of $E$ is trivial. We also state a related result for more general abelian subvarieties of $J_0(N)$ and mention what to expect if $N$ is not prime.
Torsion points on Elliptic Curves and the Jackson Space
该研究利用特殊非交换概形分析椭圆曲线p-挠点域的分歧与约化性质，并证明该非交换空间可通过p-挠点参数化基域Brauer群的p-挠类。
The Brauer Group of $\mathscr{Y}_0(2)$
本文通过结合Antieau-Meier和Shin的方法，确定了$\mathscr{Y}_0(2)$的Brauer群。
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