Ruiming Zhang
In this very short note we will derive an inequality for a class of entire functions including all the confluent basic hypergeometric series and an inequality for a class of meromorphic functions including theta functions.
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In this paper, the product of parabolic cylinder functions $D_ν(\pm z)D_{ν+μ-1}(z)$, with different parameters $μ$ and $ν$, are established in terms of Laplace and Fourier transforms of Kummer's confluent hypergeometric functions. The provided integral representations are transformed to easily yield Nicholson-type integral forms and used to derive other series expansions for products of parabolic cylinder functions.
We aim to introduce a new extension of beta function and to study its important properties. Using this definition, we introduce and investigate new extended hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions. Further, some hybrid representations of this extended beta function are derived which include some well known special functions and polynomials.
The confluent hypergeometric functions (the Kummer functions) defined by ${}_{1}F_{1}(α;γ;z):=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{(α)_{n}}{n!(γ)_{n}}z^{n}\ (γ\neq 0,-1,-2,\cdots)$, which are of many properties and great applications in statistics, mathematical physics, engineering and so on, have been given. In this paper, we investigate some new properties of ${}_{1}F_{1}(α;γ;z)$ from the perspective of value distribution theory. Specifically, two different growth orders are obtained for $α\in \mathbb{Z}_{\leq 0}$ and $α\not\in \mathbb{Z}_{\leq 0}$, which are corresponding to the reduced case and non-de…
We show a connection formula for the $q$-confluent hypergeometric functions ${}_2φ_1(a,b;0;q,x)$. Combining our connection formula with Zhang's connection formula for ${}_2φ_0(a,b;-;q,x)$, we obtain the connection formula for the $q$-confluent hypergeometric equation in the matrix form. Also we obtain the connection formula of Kummer's confluent hypergeometric functions by taking the limit $q\to 1^{-}$ of our connection formula.
We show that there exist infinitely many nontrivial choices of parameters of the single confluent Heun equation for which the three-term recurrence relations governing the expansions of the solutions in terms of the confluent hypergeometric functions 1F1 and 0F1 are reduced to two-term ones. In such cases the expansion coefficients are explicitly calculated in terms of the Euler gamma functions.
We examine the series expansions of the solutions of the confluent Heun equation in terms of three different sets of the Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions. The coefficients of the expansions in general obey three-term recurrence relations defining double-sided infinite series; however, four-term and two-term relations are also possible in particular cases. The conditions for left- and/or right-side termination of the derived series are discussed.
In this paper we prove monotonicity of some ratios of $q$--Kummer confluent hypergeometric and $q$--hypergeometric functions. The results are also closely connected with Turán type inequalities. In order to obtain main results we apply methods developed earlier by the authors for the case of classical Kummer and Gauss hypergeometric functions.
Product formulas for multivariate and matrix-variate confluent hypergeometric functions
该研究重新探讨Erdélyi的单变量${}_{1}F_{1}$合流超几何函数乘积公式，将其推广到多元及矩阵变量的合流超几何函数，并给出相关分数阶微积分联系。
We review the series solutions of the general and single-confluent Heun equations in terms of powers, ordinary-hypergeometric and confluent-hypergeometric functions. The conditions under which the expansions reduce to finite sums as well as the cases when the coefficients of power-series expansions obey two-term recurrence relations are discussed. Infinitely many cases for which a solution of a general or single-confluent Heun equation is written through a single generalized hypergeometric function are indicated. It is shown that the parameters of this generalized hypergeometric function are t…
In this present paper, we establish the log-convexity and Turán type inequalities of extended $(p,q)$-beta functions. Also, we present the log-convexity, the monotonicity and Turán type inequalities for extended $(p,q)$-confluent hypergeometric function by using the inequalities of extended $(p,q)$-beta functions.
The functional relation of the Hurwitz zeta function is proved by using the connection problem of the confluent hypergeometric equation.
In this paper we deduce some tight Turán type inequalities for Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions of the second kind, which in some cases improve the existing results in the literature. We also give alternative proofs for some already established Turán type inequalities. Moreover, by using these Turán type inequalities, we deduce some new inequalities for Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions of the second kind. The key tool in the proof of the Turán type inequalities is an integral representation for a quotient of Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions, which arises in the st…
Some sharp two-sided Turán type inequalities for parabolic cylinder functions and Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions are deduced. The proofs are based on integral representations for quotients of parabolic cylinder functions and Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions, which arise in the study of the infinite divisibility of the Fisher-Snedecor F distribution. Moroever, some complete monotonicity results are given concerning Turán determinants of Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions. These complement and improve some of the results of Ismail and Laforgia [23].
Several expansions of the solutions of the double-confluent Heun equation in terms of the Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions are presented. Three different sets of these functions are examined. Discussing the expansions without a pre-factor, it is shown that two of these functions provide expansions the coefficients of which obey three-term recurrence relations, while for the third confluent hypergeometric function the corresponding recurrence relation generally involves five-terms. The latter relation is reduced to a three-term one only in the case when the double-confluent Heun equati…
The asymptotic expansion of the Kummer function ${}_1F_1(a; b; z)$ is examined as $z\to+\infty$ on the Stokes line $\arg\,z=0$. The correct form of the subdominant algebraic contribution is obtained for non-integer $a$. Numerical results demonstrating the accuracy of the expansion are given.
In this paper, we study the zero sets of the confluent hypergeometric function $_{1}F_{1}(α;γ;z):=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{(α)_{n}}{n!(γ)_{n}}z^{n}$, where $α, γ, γ-α\not\in \mathbb{Z}_{\leq 0}$, and show that if $\{z_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ is the zero set of $_{1}F_{1}(α;γ;z)$ with multiple zeros repeated and modulus in increasing order, then there exists a constant $M>0$ such that $|z_n|\geq M n$ for all $n\geq 1$.
Uniform asymptotic expansions involving exponential and Airy functions are obtained for Laguerre polynomials $L_{n}^{(α)}(x)$, as well as complementary confluent hypergeometric functions. The expansions are valid for $n$ large and $α$ small or large, uniformly for unbounded real and complex values of $x$. The new expansions extend the range of computability of $L_n^{(α)}(x)$ compared to previous expansions, in particular with respect to higher terms and large values of $α$. Numerical evidence of their accuracy for real and complex values of $x$ is provided.
Recently, Rathie and Kılıçman (2014) employed Kummer-type transformation for $_{2}F_{2}(a, d+1; b, d; x)$ to develop certain classes of expansions theorems for $_{2}F_{2}(x)$ hypergeometric polynomial. Our aim is to deduce Kummer-type transformation for $_{2}F_{2}(a, d+2; b, d; x)$ and utilize it to develop some new expansion theorems for the confluent hypergeometric $_{2}F_{2}(x)$ polynomial. We also obtain a well-known result given by Kim et al. (Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 23(6); 435-444, 2012) and many other new results as particular cases of our theorems.
We obtain "large gap" asymptotics for a Fredholm determinant with a confluent hypergeometric kernel. We also obtain asymptotics for determinants with two types of Bessel kernels which appeared in random matrix theory.
In 1946, Magnus presented an addition theorem for the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind $U$ with argument $x+y$ expressed as an integral of a product of two $U$'s, one with argument $x$ and another with argument $y$. We take advantage of recently obtained asymptotics for $U$ with large complex first parameter to determine a domain of convergence for Magnus' result. Using well-known specializations of $U$, we obtain corresponding integral addition theorems with precise domains of convergence for modified parabolic cylinder functions, and Hankel, Macdonald, and Bessel function…
On some identities for confluent hypergeometric functions and Bessel functions
本文研究了特殊函数，提出了第一类Whittaker函数的新积分表示和Kummer合流超几何函数的求和公式，并通过赋值建立已知与新结果的联系。
The main object of this work is to show how some rather elementary techniques based upon certain inverse pairs of symbolic operators would lead us easily to several decomposition formulas associated with confluent hypergeometric functions of two and more variables. Many operator identities involving these pairs of symbolic operators are first constructed for this purpose. By means of these operator identities several decomposition formulas are found, which express the aforementioned hypergeometric functions in terms of such simpler functions as the products of the Gauss hypergeometric function…
Variants of the q-hypergeometric equation were introduced in our previous paper with Hatano. In this paper, we consider degenerations of the variant of the q-hypergeometric equation, which is a q-analogue of confluence of singularities in the setting of the differential equation. We also consider degenerations of solutions to the q-difference equations.
Explicit evaluation of the $q$-Stokes matrices for certain confluent hypergeometric $q$-difference equations
本文利用 q-Borel 重求和建立基本超几何函数的连接公式，并据此显式计算特殊合流超几何 q-差分系统的 q-Stokes 矩阵，验证其在 q→1 时退化为经典微分系统结果。
Bounding the Gap Between Zeros of the Variable- Parameter Confluent Hypergeometric Function
本文推导了当a为变量且b,z为已知固定实数时，连通超几何函数Φ(a,b,z)相邻零点间距的下界，并利用该结果评估维纳过程首次通过概率的渐近近似精度。
Explicit evaluation of the Stokes matrices for certain quantum confluent hypergeometric equations
针对一类 Poincaré 秩为一的量子合流超几何系统，本文显式计算其 Stokes 矩阵，服务于表示论与等单值形变研究。
Complementary polynomials of Legendre polynomials are briefly presented, as well as those for the confluent and hypergeometric functions, relativistic Hermite polynomials and corresponding new pre-Laguerre polynomials. The generating functions are all given in closed form and are much simpler than the standard ones. Some are simply polynomials in two variables. New recursions and addition formulas are derived.
A study on Horn matrix functions and its confluent cases
本文提出了 Horn 超几何函数及其合流情形的矩阵版本，研究了其收敛区域、双边型矩阵微分方程组、微分公式、无穷求和公式及积分表示，从而完成了 Horn 的 34 个超几何级数列表的矩阵推广。
Three-Term Recurrence Relations for Confluent Basic Hypergeometric Series with Applications to q-Bessel Functions
本文推导了连通基本超几何级数的三项递推关系，并应用于q-贝塞尔函数的递推关系研究。
In 1914, Hardy proved that infinitely many non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line using the transformation formula of the Jacobi theta function. Recently the first author obtained an integral representation involving the Riemann $Ξ$-function and the confluent hypergeometric function linked to the general theta transformation. Using this result, we show that a series consisting of bounded vertical shifts of a product of the Riemann $Ξ$-function and the real part of a confluent hypergeometric function has infinitely many zeros on the critical line, thereby genera…
We show that the each member of the confluent family of the Gauss hypergeometric equations is realized as quantum curves for appropriate spectral curves. As an application, relations between the Voros coefficients of those equations and the free energy of their classical limit computed by the topological recursion are established. We will also find explicit expressions of the free energy and the Voros coefficients in terms of the Bernoulli numbers and Bernoulli polynomials.
Recurrence relations for the coefficients of the confluent and Gauss hypergeometric functions in the complex plane
本文研究了共轭函数和高斯超几何函数在复平面上系数的递推关系，并给出了其他特殊函数系数的递推关系。
We construct several expansions of the solutions of the confluent Heun equation in terms of the incomplete Beta functions and the Appell generalized hypergeometric functions of two variables of the fist kind. The coefficients of different expansions obey four-, five-, or six-term recurrence relations that are reduced to ones involving less number of terms only in a few exceptional cases. The conditions for deriving finite-sum solutions via termination of the series are discussed.
Two families (type $A$ and type $B$) of confluent hypergeometric polynomials in several variables are studied. We describe the orthogonality properties, differential equations, and Pieri type recurrence formulas for these families. In the one-variable case, the polynomials in question reduce to the Hermite polynomials (type $A$) and the Laguerre polynomials (type $B$), respectively. The multivariable confluent hypergeometric families considered here may be used to diagonalize the rational quantum Calogero models with harmonic confinement (for the classical root systems) and are closely connect…
The Kampé de Fériet double series $F_{1:1;1}^{1:1;1}$ is studied through the solution to the associated first-order nonhomogeneous differential equation. It is shown that the integral of $t^{β+l}M(\cdot;β;λt)M(\cdot;β;-λt)$ over $t\in[0,T]$, $T\geq0$, $l=0,1,\ldots$, $\Reβ+l>-1$, is a linear combination of functions $F_{1:1;1}^{1:1;1}$. The integral is a generalization of a class of so-called Coulomb integrals involving regular Coulomb wave functions.
In this paper, we consider the deformed Fredholm determinant of the confluent hypergeometric kernel. This determinant represents the gap probability of the corresponding determinantal point process where each particle is removed independently with probability $1- γ$, $0 \leq γ<1$. We derive asymptotics of the deformed Fredholm determinant when the gap interval tends to infinity, up to and including the constant term. As an application of our results, we establish a central limit theorem for the eigenvalue counting function and a global rigidity upper bound for its maximum deviation.
We introduce and analyse a new family of multiple orthogonal polynomials of hypergeometric type with respect to two measures supported on the positive real line which can be described in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions of the second kind. These two measures form a Nikishin system. Our focus is on the multiple orthogonal polynomials for indices on the step line. The sequences of the derivatives of both type I and type II polynomials with respect to these indices are again multiple orthogonal and they correspond to the original sequences with shifted parameters. For the type I polyno…
Derivatives of Humbert confluent hypergeometric functions with respect to their parameters
本文研究了七种经典Humbert函数关于其参数的导数，推导出显式公式并给出闭合微分和约简公式，同时展示了Taylor型参数展开的应用。
A formula for the non-elementary integral $\int e^{λx^α} dx$ where $α$ is real and greater or equal two, is obtained in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function $_1F_1$. This result is verified by directly evaluating the area under the Gaussian Bell curve, corresponding to $α= 2$, using the asymptotic expression for the confluent hypergeometric function and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC). Two different but equivalent expressions, one in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function $_1F_1$ and another one in terms of the hypergeometric function $_1F_2$, are obtained for each …
Asymptotics of the confluent hypergeometric process with a varying external potential in the super-exponential region
本文研究合流超几何核对应的行列式点过程，在超指数区域的双重尺度极限下，利用 Deift-Zhou 非线性最速下降法分析 Riemann-Hilbert 问题，推导 Fredholm 行列式及积分算子特征值的渐近性。
PDE-Systems associated with the hypergeometric functions in three variables and their particular solutions near the origin
本文系统构造了 600 个三变量合流超几何函数所满足的偏微分方程组，并在原点附近求出了部分方程组的特解，拓展了 Horn 的多变量超几何级数理论。
A Palm hierarchy for determinantal point processes with the confluent hypergeometric kernel, the decomposing measures in the problem of harmonic analysis on the infinite-dimensional unitary group
本文证明无限维酉群调和分析中分解测度参数平移1等价于取无穷远约化Palm测度，通过正交多项式系综的有限维近似及Palm测度与标度极限的交换性完成证明。
We find sufficient conditions for log-convexity and log-concavity for the functions of the forms $a\mapsto\sum{f_k}(a)_kx^k$, $a\mapsto\sum{f_k}Γ(a+k)x^k$ and $a\mapsto\sum{f_k}x^k/(a)_k$. The most useful examples of such functions are generalized hypergeometric functions. In particular, we generalize the Turán inequality for the confluent hypergeometric function recently proved by Barnard, Gordy and Richards and log-convexity results for the same function recently proved by Baricz. Besides, we establish a reverse inequality which complements naturally the inequality of Barnard, Gordy and Rich…
Our purpose in this present paper is to investigate generalized integration formulas containing the extended generalized hypergeometric function and obtained results are expressed in terms of extended hypergeometric function. Certain special cases of the main results presented here are also pointed out for the extended Gauss' hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions.
The $q$-Laplace Transforms compared: the basic confluent hypergeometric function ${}_2ϕ_0$
本文比较了三种$q$-Laplace变换方法，推导了${}_2ϕ_0$函数的反演方法及其性质，揭示了$q$-指数小差异的显式公式。
Bernoulli type inequalities for functions of logarithmic type are given. These functions include, in particular, Gaussian hypergeometric functions in the zero-balanced case $F(a,b;a+b;x)\,.$
We give a systematic and unified discussion of various classes of hypergeometric type equations: the hypergeometric equation, the confluent equation, the F_1 equation (equivalent to the Bessel equation), the Gegenbauer equation and the Hermite equation. In particular, we discuss recurrence relations of their solutions, their integral representations and discrete symmetries.
We consider the q-derivatives of the Srivastava and Daoust basic multivariable hypergeometric function with respect to the parameters. This function embodies a entire number of various q-hypergeometric series of one and several variables. Explicit equations are given for general case of summation indexes with positive real coefficients. As an example derivatives of q-analog of non-confluent Horn type hypergeometric function $H_3$ is presented.
This paper studies the log-convexity of the extended beta functions. As a consequence, Turán-type inequalities are established.The monotonicity, log-convexity, log-concavity of extended hypergeometric functions are deduced by using the inequalities on extended beta functions,. The particular cases of those results also gives the Turán-type inequalities for extended confluent and extended Gaussian hypergeometric functions. Some reverse of Turán-type inequalities also derived.
Dawson's integral and related functions in mathematical physics that include the complex error function (Faddeeva's integral), Fried-Conte (plasma dispersion) function, (Jackson) function, Fresnel function and Gordeyev's integral are analytically evaluated in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function.And hence, the asymptotic expansions of these functions on the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ are derived using the asymptotic expansion of the confluent hypergeometric function.
Motivated mainly by certain interesting recent extensions of the Gamma, Beta and hypergeometric functions, we introduce here new extensions of the Beta function, hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions. We systematically investigate several properties of each of these extended functions, namely their various integral representations, Mellin transforms, derivatives, transformations, summation formulas and asymptotics. Relevant connections of certain special cases of the main results presented here are also pointed out.
Confluent hypergeometric kernel determinant on multiple large intervals
本文研究合并超几何点过程在多个不相交大区间上的大间隙渐近行为，建立了包含1阶振荡项的一般渐近公式，并在特定条件下改进了误差估计，最终在n=1时得到精确渐近结果。
In the paper, the author finds an explicit formula for computing Bell numbers in terms of Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions and Stirling numbers of the second kind.
The goal of this paper is to extend the classical and multiplicative fractional derivatives. For this purpose, it is introduced the new extended modified Bessel function and also given an important relation between this new function I(v,q;x) and the confluent hypergeometric function. Besides, it is used to generalize the hypergeometric, the confluent hypergeometric and the extended beta functions by using the new extended modified Bessel function. Also, the asymptotic formulae and the generating function of the extended modified Bessel function are obtained. The extensions of classical and mul…
Gelfand hypergeometric functions as solutions to the 2-dimensional Toda-Hirota equations II
该研究利用格拉斯曼流形上的Gelfand超几何函数构造二维Toda-Hirota方程的解，通过双曲方程组的Laplace序列找初等种子解，再经Bäcklund变换得到高阶解，明确了邻接关系的关键作用。
In this paper, the incomplete Pochhammer ratios are defined in terms of the incomplete beta function $B_{y}(x,z)$. With the help of these incomplete Pochhammer ratios, we introduce new incomplete Gauss, confluent hypergeometric and Appell's functions and investigate several properties of them such as integral representations, derivative formulas, transformation formulas, and recurrence relation. Furthermore, an incomplete Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operators are introduced. This definition helps us to obtain linear and bilinear generating relations for the new incomplete Gauss hyp…
Inspired by certain interesting recent extensions of the gamma, beta and hypergeometric matrix functions, we introduce here new extension of the gamma and beta matrix function. We also introduce new extensions of the Gauss hypergeometric matrix function, confluent hypergeometric matrix function, Appell matrix function and Lauricella matrix function of three variables in terms of the new extended beta matrix function. Then we investigate certain properties of these extended matrix functions such as the integral representations, differential formulae and recurrence relations.
In this paper, we aim to present new extensions of incomplete gamma, beta, Gauss hypergeometric, confluent hypergeometric function and Appell-Lauricella hypergeometric functions, by using the extended Bessel function due to Boudjelkha [4]. Some recurrence relations, transformation formulas, Mellin transform and integral representations are obtained for these generalizations. Further, an extension of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator is established.
We establish some identities in law for the convolution of a beta prime distribution with itself, involving the square root of beta distributions. The proof of these identities relies on transformations on generalized hypergeometric series obtained via Appell series of the first kind and Thomae's relationships for ${}_3F_2(1)$. Using a self-decomposability argument, the identities are applied to derive complete monotonicity properties for quotients of confluent hypergeometric functions having a doubling character. By means of probability, we also obtain a simple proof of Turán's inequality for…
We develop the theory of quantization of spectral curves via the topological recursion. We formulate a quantization scheme of spectral curves which is not necessarily admissible in the sense of Bouchard and Eynard. The main result of this paper and the second part [IKoT] establishes a relation between the Voros coefficients for the quantum curves and the free energy for spectral curves associated with the confluent family of Gauss hypergeometric differential equations. We focus on the Weber equation in this article, and generalize the result for the other members of the confluent family in the…
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