We show that the almost complex structure underlying a non-Kahler, nearly Kahler 6-manifold (in particular, the standard almost complex structure of S^6) cannot be compatible with any symplectic form, even locally.
We prove that every compact complex surface with odd first Betti number admits a locally conformally symplectic $2$-form which tames the underlying almost complex structure.
We study the existence of lattices in almost abelian Lie groups that admit left invariant locally conformal Kähler or locally conformal symplectic structures in order to obtain compact solvmanifolds equipped with these geometric structures. In the former case, we show that such lattices exist only in dimension $4$, while in the latter case we provide examples of such Lie groups admitting lattices in any even dimension.
For a closed smooth manifold $M$ admitting a symplectic structure, we define a smooth topological invariant $Z(M)$ using almost-Kähler metrics, i.e. Riemannian metrics compatible with symplectic structures. We also introduce $Z(M, [[ω]])$ depending on symplectic deformation equivalence class $[[ω]]$. We first prove that there exists a 6-dimensional smooth manifold $M$ with more than one deformation equivalence classes with different signs of $Z(M, [[ω]] )$. Using $Z$ invariants, we set up a Kazdan-Warner type problem of classifying symplectic manifolds into three categories. We finally prove t…
Using dynamical stability of symplectic curvature flow, we show that on a compact Calabi-Yau manifold, any small symplectic deformation of a Kähler form remains Kähler.
A non-linear generalization of the Dirac operator in 4-dimensions, obtained by replacing the spinor representation with a hyperKahler manifold admitting certain symmetries, is considered. We show that the existence of a covariantly constant, generalized spinor defines a Kahler structure on the base 4-dimensional manifold. For a class of hyperKahler manifolds obtained via hyperKahler reduction, we also show that a harmonic spinor, under mild conditions, defines a symplectic structure. Finally, we show that if a covariantly constant, generalized spinor satisfies generalized Seiberg-Witten equati…
Given a path of almost-Kähler metrics compatible with a fixed symplectic form on a compact 4-manifold such that at time zero the almost-Kähler metric is an extremal Kähler one, we prove, for a short time and under a certain hypothesis, the existence of a smooth family of extremal almost-Kähler metrics compatible with the same symplectic form, such that at each time the induced almost-complex structure is diffeomorphic to the one induced by the path.
J. Streets and G. Tian recently introduced symplectic curvature flow, a geometric flow on almost Kähler manifolds generalising Kähler-Ricci flow. The present article gives examples of explicit solutions to this flow of non-Kähler structures on several nilmanifolds and on twistor fibrations over hyperbolic space studied by J. Fine and D. Panov. The latter lead to examples of non-Kähler static solutions of symplectic curvature flow which can be seen as analogues of Kähler-Einstein manifolds in Kähler-Ricci flow.
In the same way that a contact manifold determines and is determined by a symplectic cone, a Sasaki manifold determines and is determined by a suitable Kahler cone. Kahler-Sasaki geometry is the geometry of these cones. This paper presents a symplectic action-angle coordinates approach to toric Kahler geometry and how it was recently generalized, by Burns-Guillemin-Lerman and Martelli-Sparks-Yau, to toric Kahler-Sasaki geometry. It also describes, as an application, how this approach can be used to relate a recent new family of Sasaki-Einstein metrics constructed by Gauntlett-Martelli-Sparks-W…
It is known that there are 34 classes of isomorphic connected simply connected six-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups. Of these, only 26 classes suppose left-invariant symplectic structures \cite{Goze-Khakim-Med}. In \cite{CFU2} it is shown that 14 classes of symplectic six-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups suppose compatible complex structures and, therefore, define pseudo-Kähler metrics. In this paper we show that on the remaining 12 classes of six-dimensional nilpotent symplectic Lie groups there are left-invariant almost pseudo-Kähler metrics, and we study their geometrical properties.
From a view point of the moment map, we shall introduce the notion of Einstein-Hermitian generalized connections over a generalized Kähler manifold of symplectic type. We show that moduli spaces of Einstein-Hermitian generalized connections arise as the Kähler quotients. The deformation complex of Einstein-Hermitian generalized connections is an elliptic complex and it turns out that the smooth part of the moduli space is a finite dimensional Kähler manifold. The canonical line bundle over a generalized Kähler manifold of symplectic type has the canonical generalized connection and its curvatu…
We construct symplectic structures on roughly half of all equal rank biquotients of the form $G//T$, where $G$ is a compact simple Lie group and $T$ a torus, and investigate Hamiltonian Lie group actions on them. For the Eschenburg flag, this action has similar properties as Tolman's and Woodward's examples of Hamiltonian non-Kähler actions. In addition to the previously known Kähler structure on the Eschenburg flag, we find another Kähler structure on a biquotient $\mathrm{SU}(4)//T^3$.
We study the existence of strong Kähler with torsion (SKT) metrics and of symplectic forms taming invariant complex structures $J$ on solvmanifolds $G/Γ$ providing some negative results for some classes of solvmanifolds. In particular, we show that if either $J$ is invariant under the action of a nilpotent complement of the nilradical of $G$ or $J$ is abelian or $G$ is almost abelian (not of type (I)), then the solvmanifold $G/Γ$ cannot admit any symplectic form taming the complex structure $J$, unless $G/Γ$ is Kähler. As a consequence, we show that the family of non-Kähler complex manifolds c…
Supergeneralization of $\DC P(N)$ provided by even and odd Kählerian structures from Hamiltonian reduction are construct.Operator $ Δ$ which used in Batalin-- Vilkovisky quantization formalism and mechanics which are bi-Hamiltonian under corresponding even and odd Poisson brackets are considered.
In a recent paper Donaldson explains how to use an older construction of Joyce to obtain four dimensional local models for scalar-flat Kahler metrics with a 2-torus symmetry. Using this idea, he recovers and generalizes the Taub-NUT metric by including it in a new family of complete scalar-flat toric Kahler metrics. In this paper we generalize Donaldson's method and construct complete scalar-flat toric Kahler metrics on any symplectic toric 4-manifold with "strictly unbounded" moment polygon. These include the asymptotic locally Euclidean scalar-flat Kahler metrics previously constructed by Ca…
We prove a local boundary regularity result for the complete Kahler-Einstein metrics of negative Ricci curvature near strictly pseudoconvex boundary point. We also study the asymptotic behaviour of their holomorphic bisectional curvatures near such points.
In this paper, we first show an interpretation of the Kähler-Ricci flow on a manifold $X$ as an exact elliptic equation of Einstein type on a manifold $M$ of which $X$ is one of the (Kähler) symplectic reductions via a (non-trivial) torus action. There are plenty of such manifolds (e.g. any line bundle on $X$ will do). Such an equation is called $V$-soliton equation, which can be regarded as a generalization of Kähler-Einstein equations or Kähler-Ricci solitons. As in the case of Kähler-Einstein metrics, we can also reduce the $V$-soliton equation to a scalar equation on Kähler potentials, whi…
We obtain a Hitchin-Kobayashi-type correspondence for symplectic vortex equations, with the target a Kahler cone over a compact Sasakian manifold. We show that the correspondence reduces to studying the existence and uniqueness of Kazdan-Warner equations. Using this, we construct a map between the moduli space of solutions to the symplectic vortex equations and effective divisors.
In the previous paper \cite{Goto_2017}, the notion of an Einstein-Hermitian metric of a generalized holomorphic vector bundle over a generalized Kahler manifold of symplectic type was introduced from the moment map framework. In this paper we establish a Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence, that is, the equivalence of the existence of an Einstein-Hermitian metric and $ψ$-polystability of a generalized holomorphic vector bundle over a compact generalized Kahler manifold of symplectic type. Poisson modules provide intriguing generalized holomorphic vector bundles and we obtain $ψ$-stable Poisson mo…
A first classification of para-Kähler structures on four-dimensional Lie algebras was obtained by D. Calvaruzo in 2015. In this paper, we propose another classification based on the classification of symplectic Lie algebras. For each four-dimensional symplectic Lie algebra, compatible para-complex structures and the corresponding pseudo-Riemannian metrics are found in explicit form. This leads to the classification of Sasaki para-contact structures on five-dimensional contact Lie algebras with a nontrivial center.
We study the stability of compact pseudo-Kähler manifolds, i.e. compact complex manifolds $X$ endowed with a symplectic form compatible with the complex structure of $X$. When the corresponding metric is positive-definite, $X$ is Kähler and any sufficiently small deformation of $X$ admits a Kähler metric by a well-known result of Kodaira and Spencer. We prove that compact pseudo-Kähler surfaces are also stable, but we show that stability fails in every complex dimension $n\geq 3$. Similar results are obtained for compact neutral Kähler and neutral Calabi-Yau manifolds. Finally, motivated by a …
In this paper we construct a Hitchin connection in a setting, which significantly generalizes the setting covered by the first author previously, which in turn was a generalisation of the moduli space case covered by Hitchin in his original work on the Hitchin connection. In fact, our construction provides a Hitchin connection, which is a partial connection on the space of all compatible complex structures on an arbitrary, but fixed prequantizable symplectic manifold, which satisfies a certain Fano type condition. The subspace of the tangent space to the space of compatible complex structures …
We construct a simply connected compact manifold which has complex and symplectic structures but does not admit Kähler metrics, in the lowest possible dimension where this can happen, that is, dimension 6. Such a manifold is automatically formal and has even odd-degree Betti numbers but it does not satisfy the Lefschetz property for any symplectic form.
Lagrangian submanifolds in strict nearly Kähler 6-manifolds are related to special Lagrangian submanifolds in Calabi-Yau 6-manifolds and coassociative cones in $G_2$-manifolds. We prove that the mean curvature of a Lagrangian submanifold $L$ in a nearly Kähler manifold $(M^{2n}, J, g)$ is symplectically dual to the Maslov 1-form on $L$. Using relative calibrations, we derive a formula for the second variation of the volume of a Lagrangian submanifold $L^3$ in a strict nearly Kähler manifold $(M^6, J, g)$. This formula implies, in particular, that any formal infinitesimal Lagrangian deformation…
This paper is concerned with the existence of metrics of constant Hermitian scalar curvature on almost-Kähler manifolds obtained as smoothings of a constant scalar curvature Kähler orbifold, with $A_1$ singularities. More precisely, given such an orbifold that does not admit nontrivial holomorphic vector fields, we show that an almost-Kähler smoothing $(M_\varepsilon, ω_\varepsilon)$ admits an almost-Kähler structure $(\hat J_\varepsilon, \hat g_\varepsilon)$ of constant Hermitian curvature. Moreover, we show that for $\varepsilon>0$ small enough, the $(M_\varepsilon, ω_\varepsilon)$ are all s…
Let M be a closed symplectic manifold of volume V. We say that the symplectic packings of M by ellipsoids are unobstructed if any collection of disjoint symplectic ellipsoids (possibly of different sizes) of total volume less than V admits a symplectic embedding to M. We show that the symplectic packings by ellipsoids are unobstructed for all even-dimensional tori equipped with Kahler symplectic forms and all closed hyperkahler manifolds of maximal holonomy, or, more generally, for closed Campana simple manifolds (that is, Kahler manifolds that are not unions of their complex subvarieties), as…
In 1995, Dan Guan constructed examples of non-Kahler, simply-connected holomorphically symplectic manifolds. An alternative construction, using the Hilbert scheme of Kodaira-Thurston surface, was given by F. Bogomolov. We investigate topology and deformation theory of Bogomolov-Guan manifolds and show that it is similar to that of hyperkahler manifolds. We prove the local Torelli theorem, showing that holomorphically symplectic deformations of BG-manifolds are unobstructed, and the corresponding period map is locally a diffeomorphism. Using the local Torelli theorem, we prove the Fujiki formul…
In this paper, we show that the complete scalar-flat Kahler metrics constructed by Abreu and the author on strictly unbounded toric 4-dimensional orbifolds have finite $L^2$ norm of the full Riemannian tensor. In particular, this answers a question of Donaldon's on the corresponding Generalized Taub-NUT metric on $R^4$. This norm is explicitly determined when the underlying toric manifold is the minimal resolution of a cyclic singularity. In the Ricci-flat case corresponding to gravitational instantons, this recovers a recent result of Atiyah-Lebrun.
We investigate the $\mathrm{Pin}^-(2)$-monopole invariants of symplectic $4$-manifolds and Kähler surfaces with real structures. We prove the nonvanishing theorem for real symplectic $4$-manifolds which is an analogue of Taubes' nonvanishing theorem of the Seiberg-Witten invariants for symplectic $4$-manifolds. Furthermore, the Kobayashi-Hitchin type correspondence for real Kähler surfaces is given.
An almost Kähler structure on a symplectic manifold $(N, ω)$ consists of a Riemannian metric $g$ and an almost complex structure $J$ such that the symplectic form $ω$ satisfies $ω(\cdot, \cdot)=g(J(\cdot), \cdot)$. Any symplectic manifold admits an almost Kähler structure and we refer to $(N, ω, g, J)$ as an almost Kähler manifold. In this article, we propose a natural evolution equation to investigate the deformation of Lagrangian submanifolds in almost Kähler manifolds. A metric and complex connection $\hn$ on $TN$ defines a generalized mean curvature vector field along any Lagrangian subman…
Given an integral symplectic manifold, we construct a family of "coherent state" maps into complex projective space. The maps are built from sections of the tensor powers of a hermitian line bundle whose curvature is a multiple of the symplectic form. We show that this family is an almost-complex version of the Kodiara embedding. That is, the maps are embeddings which are approximately pseudo-holomorphic.
In Kähler geometry, Fujiki--Donaldson show that the scalar curvature arises as the moment map for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. In generalized Kähler geometry, one does not have suitable notions of Levi-Civita connection and curvature, however there still exists a precise framework for a moment map and the scalar curvature is defined as the moment map. Then a fundamental question is to understand the existence or non-existence of generalized Kähler structures with constant scalar curvature. In the paper, we study the Lie algebra of automorphisms of a generalized complex manifold. We assume that…
A theorem of Delzant states that any symplectic manifold $(M,\om)$ of dimension $2n$, equipped with an effective Hamiltonian action of the standard $n$-torus $\T^n = \R^{n}/2π\Z^n$, is a smooth projective toric variety completely determined (as a Hamiltonian $\T^n$-space) by the image of the moment map $ϕ:M\to\R^n$, a convex polytope $P=ϕ(M)\subset\R^n$. In this paper we show, using symplectic (action-angle) coordinates on $P\times \T^n$, how all $\om$-compatible toric complex structures on $M$ can be effectively parametrized by smooth functions on $P$. We also discuss some topics suited for a…
It is known that a compact symplectic manifold endowed with a prequantum line bundle can be embedded in the projective space generated by the eigensections of low energy of the Bochner Laplacian acting on high $p$-tensor powers of the prequantum line bundle. We show that the Fubini-Study forms induced by these embeddings converge at speed rate $1/p^{2}$ to the symplectic form. This result implies the generalization to the almost-Kähler case of the lower bounds on the Calabi functional given by Donaldson for Kähler manifolds, as shown by Lejmi and Keller.
Let M be a closed symplectic manifold of volume V. We say that M admits an unobstructed symplectic packing by balls if any collection of symplectic balls (of possibly different radii) of total volume less than V admits a symplectic embedding to M. In 1994 McDuff and Polterovich proved that symplectic packings of Kahler manifolds can be characterized in terms of the Kahler cones of their blow-ups. When M is a Kahler manifold which is not a union of its proper subvarieties (such a manifold is called Campana simple) these Kahler cones can be described explicitly using the Demailly and Paun struct…
We study the question of integrability of a compatible almost complex structure on a compact symplectic 4-manifold, under various natural assumptions on the curvature of the associated almost Kahler metric.
The aim of this paper is to determine left-invariant strictly almost Kähler structures on 4-dimensional Lie groups $(g, J, Ω)$ such that the Ricci tensor is $J$-invariant.
We study a sequence of connections which is associated with a Riemannian metric and an almost symplectic structure on a manifold. We prove that if this sequence is trivial (i.e. constant) or 2-periodic, then the manifold has a canonical Kähler structure.
The metrics of S. Y. Cheng and S.-T. Yau are considered on a strictly pseudoconvex domains in a complex manifold. Such a manifold carries a complete Kähler-Einstein metric if and only if its canonical bundle is positive. We consider the restricted case in which the CR structure on $\partial M$ is normal. In this case M must be a domain in a resolution of the Sasaki cone over $\partial M$. We give a condition on a normal CR manifold which it cannot satisfy if it is a CR infinity of a Kähler-Einstein manifold. We are able to mostly determine those normal CR 3-manifolds which can be CR infinities…
We consider a class of complete Kahler manifolds with a strictly pseudoconvex boundary at infinity. After studying its asymptotic geometry, we formulate a conjecture in the Kahler-Einstein case relating the bottom of spectrum to the CR geometry on the boundary. We prove some partial results.
Let (M, ω) be a compact symplectic 4-manifold with a compatible almost complex structure J. The problem of finding a J-compatible symplectic form with prescribed volume form is an almost-Kähler analogue of Yau's theorem and is connected to a programme in symplectic topology proposed by Donaldson. We call the corresponding equation for the symplectic form the Calabi-Yau equation. Solutions are unique in their cohomology class. It is shown in this paper that a solution to this equation exists if the Nijenhuis tensor is small in a certain sense. Without this assumption, it is shown that the probl…
In this note we prove a simple relation between the mean curvature form, symplectic area, and the Maslov class of a Lagrangian immersion in a Kähler-Einstein manifold. An immediate consequence is that in Kähler-Einstein manifolds with positive scalar curvature, minimal Lagrangian immersions are monotone.
We use hyperbolic geometry to construct simply-connected symplectic or complex manifolds with trivial canonical bundle and with no compatible Kahler structure. We start with the desingularisations of the quadric cone in C^4: the smoothing is a natural S^3-bundle over H^3, its holomorphic geometry is determined by the hyperbolic metric; the small-resolution is a natural S^2-bundle over H^4 with symplectic geometry determined by the metric. Using hyperbolic geometry, we find orbifold quotients with trivial canonical bundle; smooth examples are produced via crepant resolutions. In particular, we …
We continue studying a parabolic flow of almost Kähler structures introduced by Streets and Tian which naturally extends Kähler-Ricci flow onto symplectic manifolds. In the system of primarily the symplectic form, almost complex structure, Chern torsion and Chern connection, we establish new formulas for the evolutions of canonical quantities, in particular those related to the Chern connection. Using this, we give an extended characterization of fixed points of the flow originally performed by Streets and Tian.
For a Kähler Manifold $M$, the "symplectic Dolbeault operators" are defined using the symplectic spinors and associated Dirac operators, in complete analogy to how the usual Dolbeault operators, $\bar\partial$ and $\bar\partial^*$, arise from Dirac operators on the canonical complex spinors on $M$. We give special attention to two special classes of Kähler manifolds: Riemann surfaces and flag manifolds ($G/T$ for $G$ a simply-connected compact semisimple Lie group and $T$ a maximal torus). In the case of flag manifolds, we work with the Hermitian structure induced by the Killing form and a cho…
In this paper we state an analog of Calabi's conjecture proved by Yau. The difference with the classical case is that we propose deformation of the complex structure, whereas the complex Monge--Ampère equation describes deformation of the Kähler (symplectic) structure.
We show the existence of strictly almost-Kahler anti-self-dual metrics on certain 4-manifolds by deforming scalar-flat Kahler metrics. On the other hand, we prove the non-existence of such metrics on certain other 4-manifolds by means of Seiberg-Witten theory. In the process, we provide a simple new proof of the fact that any almost-Kahler anti-self-dual 4-manifold must have a non-trivial Seiberg-Witten invariant.