This paper considers the question of relative hyperbolicity of an Artin group with regard to the geometry of its associated Deligne complex. We prove that an Artin group is weakly hyperbolic relative to its finite (or spherical) type parabolic subgroups if and only if its Deligne complex is a Gromov hyperbolic space. For a 2-dimensional Artin group the Deligne complex is Gromov hyperbolic precisely when the corresponding Davis complex is Gromov hyperbolic, that is, precisely when the underlying Coxeter group is a hyperbolic group. For Artin groups of FC type we give a sufficient condition for hyperbolicity of the Deligne complex which applies to a large class of these groups for which the underlying Coxeter group is hyperbolic.
In this paper, we show that every irreducible $2$-dimensional Artin group $A_Γ$ of rank at least $3$ is acylindrically hyperbolic. We do this by studying the action of $A_Γ$ on its modified Deligne complex. Along the way, we prove results of independent interests on the geometry of links of this complex.
While finite type Artin groups and right-angled Artin groups are well-understood, little is known about more general Artin groups. In this paper we use the action of an infinite type Artin group $A_Γ$ on a CAT(0) cube complex to prove that $A_Γ$ has trivial center providing the graph $Γ$ is not the star of a single vertex, and is acylindrically hyperbolic providing $Γ$ is not a join.
Around subgroups of Artin groups: derived subgroups and acylindrical hyperbolicity in the even FC-case
Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Bilbao-Sarriko Universidad del País Vasco EHU/UPV（巴斯克大学经济与企业学院）；Departamento de Matemt́icas Universidad de Zaragoza（萨拉戈萨大学数学系）
We prove that, for any irreducible Artin-Tits group of spherical type $G$, the quotient of $G$ by its center is acylindrically hyperbolic. This is achieved by studying the additional length graph associated to the classical Garside structure on $G$, and constructing a specific element $x_G$ of $G/Z(G)$ whose action on the graph is loxodromic and WPD in the sense of Bestvina-Fujiwara; following Osin, this implies acylindrical hyperbolicity. Finally, we prove that "generic" elements of $G$ act loxodromically, where the word "generic" can be understood in either of the two common usages: as a res…
Charney and Morris-Wright showed acylindrical hyperbolicity of Artin groups of infinite type associated with graphs that are not joins, by studying clique-cube complexes and actions on them. In this paper, by developing their study and formulating some additional discussion, we demonstrate that acylindrical hyperbolicity holds for more general Artin groups. Indeed, we are able to treat Artin groups of infinite type associated with graphs that are not cones.
It is conjectured that the central quotient of every irreducible Artin group is either virtually cyclic or acylindrically hyperbolic. We prove this conjecture for Artin groups associated to triangle-free graphs and Artin groups of large type associated to cones over square-free bipartite graphs. In fact, we treat Artin groups that are known to be CAT(0) groups by a result of Brady and McCammond.
Let $G=<a_1,..., a_n | a_ia_ja_i... = a_ja_ia_j..., i<j>$ be an Artin group and let $m_{ij}=m_{ji}$ be the length of each of the sides of the defining relation involving $a_i$ and $a_j$. We show if all $m_{ij}\ge 7$ then $G$ is relatively hyperbolic in the sense of Farb with respect to the collection of its two-generator subgroups $<a_i, a_j>$ for which $m_{ij}<\infty$.
We conjecture that the word problem of Artin-Tits groups can be solved without introducing trivial factors ss^{-1} or s^{-1}s. Here we make this statement precise and explain how it can be seen as a weak form of hyperbolicity. We prove the conjecture in the case of Artin-Tits groups of type FC, and we discuss various possible approaches for further extensions, in particular a syntactic argument that works at least in the right-angled case.
In this paper we study the hyperbolicity properties of a class of random groups arising as graph products associated to random graphs. Recall, that the construction of a graph product is a generalization of the constructions of right-angled Artin and Coxeter groups. We adopt the Erdos - Renyi model of a random graph and find precise threshold functions for the hyperbolicity (or relative hyperbolicity). We aslo study automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups associated to random graphs. We show that with probability tending to one as $n\to \infty$, random right-angled Artin groups have f…
We show that Artin groups of extra-large type, and more generally Artin groups of large and hyperbolic type, are hierarchically hyperbolic. This implies in particular that these groups have finite asymptotic dimension and uniform exponential growth. We prove these results by using a combinatorial approach to hierarchical hyperbolicity, via the action of these groups on a new complex that is quasi-isometric both to the coned-off Deligne complex introduced by Martin-Przytycki and to a generalisation due to Morris-Wright of the graph of irreducible parabolic subgroups of finite type introduced by…
We show that right-angled Coxeter groups are relatively hyperbolic in the sense defined by Farb, relative to a natural collection of rank-2 parabolic subgroups.
The aim of this note is to show that weak relative hyperbolicity of a group relative to a subgroup (or relative hyperbolicity in the sense of Farb) does not imply any natural analogues of some well-known algebraic properties of ordinary hyperbolic groups. Our main tools are combination theorems for weakly relatively hyperbolic groups.
The \emph{graph of irreducible parabolic subgroups} is a combinatorial object associated to an Artin-Tits group $A$ defined so as to coincide with the curve graph of the $(n+1)$-times punctured disk when $A$ is Artin's braid group on $(n+1)$ strands. In this case, it is a hyperbolic graph, by the celebrated Masur-Minsky's theorem. Hyperbolicity for more general Artin-Tits groups is an important open question. In this paper, we give a partial affirmative answer. For $n\geqslant 3$, we prove that the graph of irreducible parabolic subgroups associated to the Artin-Tits group of spherical type $B…
We prove that a non-elementary relatively hyperbolic group is statistically hyperbolic with respect to every finite generating set. We also establish statistical hyperbolicity for certain direct products of two groups, one of which is relatively hyperbolic.
We consider two families of subgroups of a group. Each subgroup which belongs to one family is contained in some subgroup which belongs to the other family. We then discuss relations of relative hyperbolicity for the group with respect to the two families, respectively. If the group is supposed to be hyperbolic relative to the two families, respectively, then we consider relations of relative quasiconvexity for a subgroup of the group with respect to the two families, respectively.
We give a cohomological characterization of Gromov relative hyperbolicity. As an application we prove a converse to the combination theorem for graphs of relatively hyperbolic groups given in a previous paper of the first author. We build upon, and follow the ideas of, the work of S. Gersten in ``Cohom. lower bounds for isoperim. funct. on groups'' (Topology 37, 1998) about the same topics in the classical Gromov hyperbolic setting.
In this article, we study the manifold structure and the relatively hyperbolic structure of right-angled Coxeter groups with planar nerves. We then apply our results to the quasi-isometry problem for this class of right-angled Coxeter groups.
A piece of a labelled graph $Γ$ defined by D. Gruber is a labelled path that embeds into $Γ$ in two essentially different ways. We prove that graphical $Gr'(\frac{1}{6})$ small cancellation groups whose associated pieces have uniformly bounded length are relative hyperbolic. In fact, we show that the Cayley graph of such group presentation is asymptotically tree-graded with respect to the collection of all embedded components of the defining graph $Γ$, if and only if the pieces of $Γ$ are uniformly bounded. This implies the relative hyperbolicity by a result of C. Druţu, D. Osin and M. Sapir.
School of Mathematics, Fry Building, Woodland Road Bristol, UK（布里斯托大学数学学院）；Maxwell Institute and Department of Mathematics Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, UK（爱丁堡赫瑞-瓦特大学麦克斯韦研究所和数学系）
We study the geometry of nonrelatively hyperbolic groups. Generalizing a result of Schwartz, any quasi-isometric image of a non-relatively hyperbolic space in a relatively hyperbolic space is contained in a bounded neighborhood of a single peripheral subgroup. This implies that a group being relatively hyperbolic with nonrelatively hyperbolic peripheral subgroups is a quasi-isometry invariant. As an application, Artin groups are relatively hyperbolic if and only if freely decomposable. We also introduce a new quasi-isometry invariant of metric spaces called metrically thick, which is sufficien…
Given a finite rank free group $\mathbb{F}$ of $\mathsf{rank}(\mathbb{F})\geq 3$, we show that the mapping torus of $ϕ$ is (strongly) relatively hyperbolic if $ϕ$ is exponentially growing. We combine our result with the work of Button-Kropholler to answer a question asked by Minasyan-Osin regarding the acylindrical hyperbolicity of such free-by-cyclic extensions. As an application we construct new examples of free-by-free hyperbolic extensions where the elements of the quotient group are not necessarily fully irreducible. We also give a new proof of the Bridson-Groves quadratic isoperimetric i…
We introduce a relative Garside element, the quotient of the corresponding Garside elements G1 and G2, for a pair of Artin monoids associated to Coxeter graphs Gamma1 and Gamma2, the second graph containing a new vertex. These relative elements give a recurrence relation between Garside elements. As an application, we compute explicitly the Garside elements of Artin monoids corresponding to spherical Coxeter graphs or the longest elements of the associated finite Coxeter groups.
A group obtained from a nontrivial group by adding one generator and one relator which is a proper power of a word in which the exponent-sum of the additional generator is one contains the free square of the initial group and almost always (with one obvious exception) contains a non-abelian free subgroup. If the initial group is involution-free or the relator is at least third power, then the obtained group is SQ-universal and relatively hyperbolic with respect to the initial group.
In this paper we study group actions on quasi-median graphs, or 'CAT(0) prism complexes', generalising the notion of CAT(0) cube complexes. We consider hyperplanes in a quasi-median graph $X$ and define the contact graph $\mathcal{C}X$ for these hyperplanes. We show that $\mathcal{C}X$ is always quasi-isometric to a tree, generalising a result of Hagen, and that under certain conditions a group action $G \curvearrowright X$ induces an acylindrical action $G \curvearrowright \mathcal{C}X$, giving a quasi-median analogue of a result of Behrstock, Hagen and Sisto. As an application, we exhibit an…
We prove that the rank gradient vanishes for mapping class groups of genus bigger than 1, $Aut(F_n)$, for all $n$, $Out(F_n)$ for $n \geq 3$, and any Artin group whose underlying graph is connected. These groups have fixed price 1. We compute the rank gradient and verify that it is equal to the first $L^2$-Betti number for some classes of Coxeter groups.
We prove that for a free product $G$ with free factor system $\mathcal{G}$, any automorphism $ϕ$ preserving $\mathcal{G}$, atoroidal (in a sense relative to $\mathcal{G}$) and none of whose power send two different conjugates of subgroups in $\mathcal{G}$ on conjugates of themselves by the same element, gives rise to a semidirect product $G\rtimes_ϕ\mathbb{Z}$ that is relatively hyperbolic with respect to suspensions of groups in $\mathcal{G}$. We recover a theorem of Gautero-Lustig and Ghosh that, if $G$ is a free group, $ϕ$ an automorphism of $G$, and $\mathcal{G}$ is its family of polynomia…
Let $Γ$ be a simplicial, finite, connected graph such that $Γ$ does not decompose as a nontrivial join. We prove that two notions of strong quasiconvexity and stability are equivalent in the right-angled Artin group $A_Γ$ (except for the case of finite index subgroups). We also characterize non-trivial strongly quasiconvex subgroups of infinite index in $A_Γ$ (i.e. non-trivial stable subgroups in $A_Γ$) by quadratic lower relative divergence. These results strengthen the work of Koberda-Mangahas-Taylor on characterizing purely loxodromic subgroups of right-angled Artin groups.
We prove that if $G$ is a free-torsion group and $w(t)$ is a word in the alphabet $G \sqcup \{t^{\pm 1}\}$ with exponent sum one, then the group $<G,t|(w(t))^k = 1>$, where $k \geq 2$, is relatively hyperbolic with respect to $G$.
This article is dedicated to the study of the acylindrical hyperbolicity of automorphism groups of graph products of groups. Our main result is that, if $Γ$ is a finite graph which contains at least two vertices and is not a join and if $\mathcal{G}$ is a collection of finitely generated irreducible groups, then either $Γ\mathcal{G}$ is infinite dihedral or $\mathrm{Aut}(Γ\mathcal{G})$ is acylindrically hyperbolic. This theorem is new even for right-angled Artin groups and right-angled Coxeter groups. Various consequences are deduced from this statement and from the techniques used to prove it…
We show the equivalence of several characterizations of relative hyperbolicity for metric spaces, and obtain extra information about geodesics in a relatively hyperbolic space. We apply this to characterize hyperbolically embedded subgroups in terms of nice actions on (relatively) hyperbolic spaces. We also study the divergence of (properly) relatively hyperbolic groups, in particular showing that it is at least exponential. Our main tool is the generalization of a result proved by Bowditch for hyperbolic spaces: if a family of paths in a space satisfies a list of properties specific to geodes…
We provide a simple, combinatorial criteria for a hierarchically hyperbolic space to be relatively hyperbolic by proving a new formulation of relative hyperbolicity in terms of hierarchy structures. In the case of clean hierarchically hyperbolic groups, this criteria characterizes relative hyperbolicity. We apply our criteria to graphs associated to surfaces and prove that the separating curve graph of a surface is relatively hyperbolic when the surface has zero or two punctures. We also recover a celebrated theorem of Brock and Masur on the relative hyperbolicity of the Weil-Petersson metric …
We prove a combination theorem for trees of (strongly) relatively hyperbolic spaces and finite graphs of (strongly) relatively hyperbolic groups. This gives a geometric extension of Bestvina and Feighn's Combination Theorem for hyperbolic groups and answers a question of Swarup. We also prove a converse to the main Combination Theorem.
We lay the foundations for the study of relatively quasiconvex subgroups of relatively hyperbolic groups. These foundations require that we first work out a coherent theory of countable relatively hyperbolic groups (not necessarily finitely generated). We prove the equivalence of Gromov, Osin, and Bowditch's definitions of relative hyperbolicity for countable groups. We then give several equivalent definitions of relatively quasiconvex subgroups in terms of various natural geometries on a relatively hyperbolic group. We show that each relatively quasiconvex subgroup is itself relatively hyperb…
We give an alternative definition of relative hyperbolicity based on properties of closest-point projections on peripheral subgroups. We also derive a distance formula for relatively hyperbolic groups, similar to the one for mapping class groups.
We show that certain aspherical manifolds arising from hyperplane arrangements in negatively curved manifolds have relatively hyperbolic fundamental group.
We prove the existence of continuous boundary extensions (Cannon-Thurston maps) for the inclusion of a vertex space into a tree of (strongly) relatively hyperbolic spaces satisfying the qi-embedded condition. This implies the same result for inclusion of vertex (or edge) subgroups in finite graphs of (strongly) relatively hyperbolic groups. This generalises a result of Bowditch for punctured surfaces in 3 manifolds and a result of Mitra for trees of hyperbolic metric spaces.
We introduce the notions of geometric height and graded (geometric) relative hyperbolicity in this paper. We use these to characterize quasiconvexity in hyperbolic groups, relative quasiconvexity in relatively hyperbolic groups, and convex cocompactness in mapping class groups and $Out(F_n)$. Corrigendum: there is an unfortunate mistake in the statement and the proof of Proposition 5.1. This affects one direction of the implications of the main theorem. A correction is given, that states that given a quasi-convex subgroup of a hyperbolic (or relatively hyperbolic) group, the graded relative hy…
In this paper it is proved that relative hyperbolicity is an invariant of quasi-isometry. As a byproduct of the arguments, simplified definitions of relative hyperbolicity are obtained. In particular we obtain a new definition very similar to the one of hyperbolicity, relying on the existence for every quasi-geodesic triangle of a central left coset of peripheral subgroup.
For n>3 we study spaces obtained from finite volume complete real hyperbolic n-manifolds by removing a compact totally geodesic submanifold of codimension two. We prove that their fundamental groups are relative hyperbolic, co-Hopf, biautomatic, residually hyperbolic, not Kähler, not isomorphic to lattices in virtually connected real Lie groups, have no nontrivial subgroups with property (T), have finite outer automorphism groups, satisfy Mostow-type Rigidity, have finite asymptotic dimension and rapid decay property, and satisfy Baum-Connes conjecture. We also characterize those lattices in r…
We show that any graph product of finitely generated groups is hierarchically hyperbolic relative to its vertex groups. We apply this result to answer two questions of Behrstock, Hagen, and Sisto: we show that the syllable metric on any graph product forms a hierarchically hyperbolic space, and that graph products of hierarchically hyperbolic groups are themselves hierarchically hyperbolic groups. This last result is a strengthening of a result of Berlai and Robbio by removing the need for extra hypotheses on the vertex groups. We also answer two questions of Genevois about the geometry of the…
We prove that cyclic subgroup separability is preserved under exponential completion for groups that belong to a class that includes all coherent RAAGs and toral relatively hyperbolic groups; we do so by exploiting the structure of these completions as iterated free products with commuting subgroups. From this we deduce that the cyclic subgroups of limit groups over coherent RAAGs are separable, answering a question of Casals-Ruiz, Duncan and Kazachov. We also discuss relations between free products with commuting subgroups and the word problem, and recover the fact that limit groups over cohe…
This paper contains examples of closed aspherical manifolds obtained as a by-product of recent work by the author [arXiv:math.GR/0509490] on the relative strict hyperbolization of polyhedra. The following is proved. (I) Any closed aspherical triangulated n-manifold M^n with hyperbolic fundamental group is a retract of a closed aspherical triangulated (n+1)-manifold N^(n+1) with hyperbolic fundamental group. (II) If B_1,...,B_m are closed aspherical triangulated n-manifolds, then there is a closed aspherical triangulated manifold N of dimension n+1 such that N has nonzero simplicial volume, N r…
We develop a theory of \emph{strongly quasiconvex subgroups} of an arbitrary finitely generated group. Strong quasiconvexity generalizes quasiconvexity in hyperbolic groups and is preserved under quasi-isometry. We show that strongly quasiconvex subgroups are also more reflexive of the ambient groups geometry than the stable subgroups defined by Durham-Taylor, while still having many analogous properties to those of quasiconvex subgroups of hyperbolic groups. We characterize strongly quasiconvex subgroups in terms of the lower relative divergence of ambient groups with respect to them. We also…
We explore the combination theorem for a group G splitting as a graph of relatively hyperbolic groups. Using the fine graph approach to relative hyperbolicity, we find short proofs of the relative hyperbolicity of G under certain conditions. We then provide a criterion for the relative quasiconvexity of a subgroup H depending on the relative quasiconvexity of the intersection of H with the vertex groups of G. We give an application towards local relative quasiconvexity.
