The \emph{graph of irreducible parabolic subgroups} is a combinatorial object associated to an Artin-Tits group $A$ defined so as to coincide with the curve graph of the $(n+1)$-times punctured disk when $A$ is Artin's braid group on $(n+1)$ strands. In this case, it is a hyperbolic graph, by the celebrated Masur-Minsky's theorem. Hyperbolicity for more general Artin-Tits groups is an important open question. In this paper, we give a partial affirmative answer.
For $n\geqslant 3$, we prove that the graph of irreducible parabolic subgroups associated to the Artin-Tits group of spherical type $B_n$ is also isomorphic to the curve graph of the $(n+1)$-times punctured disk, hence it is hyperbolic.
For $n\geqslant 2$, we show that the graphs of irreducible parabolic subgroups associated to the Artin-Tits groups of euclidean type $\widetilde A_n$ and $\widetilde C_n$ are isomorphic to some subgraphs of the curve graph of the $(n+2)$-times punctured disk which are not quasi-isometrically embedded. We prove nonetheless that these graphs are hyperbolic.
This paper is a short survey on four basic questions on Artin-Tits groups: the torsion, the center, the word problem, and the cohomology ($K(π,1)$ problem). It is also an opportunity to prove three new results concerning these questions: (1) if all free of infinity Artin-Tits groups are torsion free, then all Artin-Tits groups will be torsion free; (2) If all free of infinity irreducible non-spherical type Artin-Tits groups have a trivial center then all irreducible non-spherical type Artin-Tits groups will have a trivial center; (3) if all free of infinity Artin-Tits groups have solutions to …
We present a complete classification for the epimorphisms from the affine Artin-Tits groups $A(\widetilde{A}_{n})$ to the corresponding Coxeter groups $W(\widetilde{A}_{n})$, for $n\geq 1$.
Given a group action on a finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex, we give a simple criterion phrased purely in terms of cube stabilisers that ensures that the group satisfies the strong Tits alternative, provided that each vertex stabiliser satisfies the strong Tits alternative. We use it to prove that all Artin groups of type FC satisfy the strong Tits alternative.
We give a complete classification of conjugacy stable parabolic subgroups of Artin-Tits groups of spherical type. This answers a question posed by Ivan Marin and generalizes a theorem obtained by Juan González-Meneses in the specific case of Artin braid groups.
A conjecture of Dehornoy claims that, given a presentation of an Artin-Tits group, every word that represents the identity can be transformed into the trivial word using the braid relations, together with certain rules (between pairs of words that are not both positive) that can be derived directly from the braid relations, as well as free reduction, but without introducing trivial factors $ss^{-1} $ or $s^{-1} s$. This conjecture is known to be true for Artin-Tits groups of spherical type or of FC type. We prove the conjecture for Artin--Tits groups of sufficiently large type.
Abstract. We address the conjecture which states that an intersection of parabolic subgroups of an Artin-Tits group is a parabolic subgroup. We prove that the conjecture is equivalent to a, a priori, weaker conjecture. We also prove the conjecture in a specific case. Along the way, we provide short and almost self-contain algebraical proofs of several classical results on Artin-Tits groups, such as those of Van der Lek on intersection of standard parabolic subgroups.
We introduce methods to study the combinatorics of the normal form of large random elements in Artin-Tits monoids. These methods also apply in an axiomatic framework that encompasses other monoids such as dual braid monoids.
We conjecture that the word problem of Artin-Tits groups can be solved without introducing trivial factors ss^{-1} or s^{-1}s. Here we make this statement precise and explain how it can be seen as a weak form of hyperbolicity. We prove the conjecture in the case of Artin-Tits groups of type FC, and we discuss various possible approaches for further extensions, in particular a syntactic argument that works at least in the right-angled case.
We show the analogue of Muhlherr's [Coxeter groups in Coxeter groups, Finite Geom. and Combinatorics, Cambridge Univ. Press (1993), 277-287] for Artin-Tits monoids, and for Artin-Tits groups of spherical type. That is, the submonoid (resp. subgroup) of an Artin-Tits monoid (resp. group of spherical type) induced by an admissible partition of the Coxeter graph is an Artin-Tits monoid (resp. group). This generalizes and unifies the situation of the submonoid (resp. subgroup) of fixed elements of an Artin-Tits monoid (resp. group of spherical type) under the action of graph automorphisms, and the…
In this paper we show the statement in the title. To any Garside group of finite type, Wiest and the author associated a hyperbolic graph called the \emph{additional length graph} and they used it to show that central quotients of Artin-Tits groups of spherical type are acylindrically hyperbolic. In general, a euclidean Artin-Tits group is not \emph{a priori} a Garside group but McCammond and Sulway have shown that it embeds into an \emph{infinite-type} Garside group which they call a \emph{crystallographic Garside group}. We associate a \emph{hyperbolic} additional length graph to this crysta…
We show that every finitely generated Artin-Tits group admits a finite Garside family, by introducing the notion of a low element in a Coxeter group and proving that the family of all low elements in a Coxeter system (W, S) with S finite includes S and is finite and closed under suffix and join with respect to the right weak order.
It was conjectured by Tits that the only relations amongst the squares of the standard generators of an Artin group are the obvious ones, namely that a^2 and b^2 commute if ab=ba appears as one of the Artin relations. In this paper we prove Tits' conjecture for all Artin groups. More generally, we show that, given a number m(s)>1 for each Artin generator s, the only relations amongst the powers s^m(s) of the generators are that a^m(a) and b^m(b) commute if ab=ba appears amongst the Artin relations.
We investigate the padded version of reduction, an extension of multifraction reduction as defined in arXiv:1606.08991, and connect it both with ordinary reduction and with the so-called Property $\mathrm{H}$. As an application, we show that all Artin-Tits groups of sufficiently large type satisfy some weakening Conjecture $\mathrm{A^{padded}}$ of Conjecture $\mathrm{A}$, thus showing that the reduction approach is relevant for these groups.
Let $(A_S,S)$ be an Artin-Tits and $X$ a subset of $S$ ; denote by $A_X$ the subgroup of $A_S$ generated by $X$. When $A_S$ is of spherical type, we prove that the normalizer and the commensurator of $A_X$ in $A_S$ are equal and are the product of $A_X$ by the quasi-centralizer of $A_X$ in $A_S$. Looking to the associated monoids $A_S^+$ and $A_X^+$, we describe the quasi-centralizer of $A_X^+$ in $A_S^+$ thanks to results in Coxeter groups. These two results generalize earlier results of Paris. Finaly, we compare, in the spherical case, the normalizer of a parabolic subgroup in the Artin-Tits…
Multifraction reduction is a new approach to the word problem for Artin-Tits groups and, more generally, for the enveloping group of a monoid in which any two elements admit a greatest common divisor. This approach is based on a rewrite system ("reduction") that extends free group reduction. In this paper, we show that assuming that reduction satisfies a weak form of convergence called semi-convergence is sufficient for solving the word problem for the enveloping group, and we connect semi-convergence with other conditions involving reduction. We conjecture that these properties are valid for …
We describe a new approach to the Word Problem for Artin-Tits groups and, more generally, for the enveloping group U(M) of a monoid M in which any two elements admit a greatest common divisor. The method relies on a rewrite system R(M) that extends free reduction for free groups. Here we show that, if M satisfies what we call the 3-Ore condition about common multiples, what corresponds to type FC in the case of Artin-Tits monoids, then the system R(M) is convergent. Under this assumption, we obtain a unique representation result for the elements of U(M), extending Ore's theorem for groups of f…
We prove that, for any irreducible Artin-Tits group of spherical type $G$, the quotient of $G$ by its center is acylindrically hyperbolic. This is achieved by studying the additional length graph associated to the classical Garside structure on $G$, and constructing a specific element $x_G$ of $G/Z(G)$ whose action on the graph is loxodromic and WPD in the sense of Bestvina-Fujiwara; following Osin, this implies acylindrical hyperbolicity. Finally, we prove that "generic" elements of $G$ act loxodromically, where the word "generic" can be understood in either of the two common usages: as a res…
We prove the Tits Alternative for groups acting on $2$-dimensional "recurrent" complexes with uniformly bounded cell stabilisers. This class of complexes includes, among others: $2$-dimensional Euclidean buildings, $2$-dimensional systolic complexes, $B(6)$-small cancellation complexes, and standard Cayley complexes for Artin groups of extra-large type. In the appendix written jointly with Jon McCammond we extend the result to a class of $2$-dimensional Artin groups containing all large-type Artin groups.
We prove that an Artin-Tits group of type $\tilde C$ is the group of fractions of a Garside monoid, analogous to the known dual monoids associated with Artin-Tits groups of spherical type and obtained by the "generated group" method. This answers, in this particular case, a general question on Artin-Tits groups, gives a new presentation of an Artin-Tits group of type $\tilde C$, and has consequences for the word problem, the computation of some centralizers or the triviality of the center. A key point of the proof is to show that this group is a group of fixed points in an Artin-Tits group of …
The goal of this mostly expository paper is to present several candidates for hyperbolic structures on irreducible Artin-Tits groups of spherical type and to elucidate some relations between them. Most constructions are algebraic analogues of previously known hyperbolic structures on Artin braid groups coming from natural actions of these groups on curve graphs and (modified) arc graphs of punctured disks.
Artin-Tits groups act on a certain delta-hyperbolic complex, called the "additional length complex". For an element of the group, acting loxodromically on this complex is a property analogous to the property of being pseudo-Anosov for elements of mapping class groups. By analogy with a well-known conjecture about mapping class groups, we conjecture that "most" elements of Artin-Tits groups act loxodromically. More precisely, in the Cayley graph of a subgroup $G$ of an Artin-Tits group, the proportion of loxodromically acting elements in a ball of large radius should tend to one as the radius t…
Lawrence-Krammer representations are an important family of linear representations of Artin-Tits groups of small type, which are known, under some assumptions on the parameters, to be faithful when the type is spherical (or more generally when they are restricted to the Artin-Tits monoid) and irreducible when the type is connected. Here, we investigate an analogue of these representations --- introduced by Digne in the spherical cases --- for every Artin-Tits monoid that appears as the submonoid of fixed points of an Artin-Tits monoid of small type under a group of graph automorphisms, and for…
We give a conjectural classification of virtually cocompactly cubulated Artin-Tits groups (i.e. having a finite index subgroup acting geometrically on a CAT(0) cube complex), which we prove for all Artin-Tits groups of spherical type, FC type or two-dimensional type. A particular case is that for $n \geq 4$, the $n$-strand braid group is not virtually cocompactly cubulated.
It is conjectured that the central quotient of every irreducible Artin group is either virtually cyclic or acylindrically hyperbolic. We prove this conjecture for Artin groups associated to triangle-free graphs and Artin groups of large type associated to cones over square-free bipartite graphs. In fact, we treat Artin groups that are known to be CAT(0) groups by a result of Brady and McCammond.
The minimal standardizer of a curve system on a punctured disk is the minimal braid that transforms it into a system formed only by round curves. We give an algorithm to compute it in a geometrical way. Then, we generalize this problem algebraically to parabolic subgroups of Artin-Tits groups of spherical type and we show that, to compute the minimal standardizer of a parabolic subgroup, it suffices to compute the $pn$-normal form of a particular central element.
We show that, in an Artin-Tits group of spherical type, the intersection of two parabolic subgroups is a parabolic subgroup. Moreover, we show that the set of parabolic subgroups forms a lattice with respect to inclusion. This extends to all Artin-Tits groups of spherical type a result that was previously known for braid groups. To obtain the above results, we show that every element in an Artin-Tits group of spherical type admits a unique minimal parabolic subgroup containing it. Also, the subgroup associated to an element coincides with the subgroup associated to any of its powers or roots. …
We construct a family of morphisms between Artin-Tits groups which generalise the ones constructed by J. Crisp in [Injective maps between Artin groups, Proceedings of the Special Year in Geometric Group Theory, Berlin, (1999), 119 -- 138]. We show that their restrictions to the positive Artin monoids respect normal forms, and that for Artin-Tits groups of type FC, these morphisms are injective. The proof of the second result uses the Deligne Complex, and the normal cube paths constructed in [G. Niblo and L. Reeves, The geometry of cube complexes and the complexity of their fundamental groups, …
A Garside monoid is a cancellative monoid with a finite lattice generating set; a Garside group is the group of fractions of a Garside monoid. The family of Garside groups contains the Artin-Tits groups of spherical type. We generalise the well-known notion of a parabolic subgroup of an Artin-Tits group into that of a parabolic subgroup of a Garside group. We also define the more general notion of a Garside subgroup of a Garside group, which is related to the notion of LCM-homomorphisms between Artin-Tits groups. We prove that most of the properties of parabolic subgroups extend to this subgro…
We study C*-algebras generated by left regular representations of right LCM one-relator monoids and Artin-Tits monoids of finite type. We obtain structural results concerning nuclearity, ideal structure and pure infiniteness. Moreover, we compute K-theory. Based on our K-theory results, we develop a new way of computing K-theory for certain group C*-algebras and crossed products.
Lawrence-Krammer representations (LK-representations for short) are linear representations of Artin-Tits groups of small type, which are of importance since they are known to be faithful when the type is spherical, or more generally when restricted to the monoid. If the construction is essentially unique for a given small and spherical type, the structure of the set of LK-representations for a given small type is not understood in general. Another important question is to ask if there exists an analogue of this construction in the non-small cases ; a first answer is given in [Digne, On the lin…
Pride groups, or ``groups given by presentations in which each defining relator involves at most two types of generators'', include Coxeter groups, Artin groups, triangles of groups, and Vinberg's groups defined by periodic paired relations. We show that every non-spherical Pride group that is not a triangle of groups satisfies the Tits alternative.
In a previous paper we define a Curtis-Tits group as a certain generalization of a Kac-Moody group. We distinguish between orientable and non-orientable Curtis-Tits groups and identify all orientable Curtis-Tits groups as Kac-Moody groups associated to twin-buildings. In the present paper we construct all orientable and non-orientable Curtis-Tits groups with diagram $\widetilde{A}_n$ over a field ${\mathbb F}$. The resulting groups are quite interesting in their own right. The orientable ones are related to Drinfel'd' s construction of vector bundles over a non-commutative projective line and …
Normalisers of parabolic subgroups of Artin--Tits groups and Tits cone intersections
Departamento de Álgebra e Instituto de Matemáticas de la Universidad de Sevilla（塞维利亚大学代数系与数学研究所）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney（悉尼大学数学与统计学院）；CNRS-ANU International Research Laboratory FAMSI and Mathematical Sciences Institute, The Australian National University（法国国家科学研究中心-澳大利亚国立大学FAMSI国际研究实验室与澳大利亚国立大学数学科学研究所）
This paper shows how to construct coherent presentations (presentations by generators, relations and relations among relations) of monoids admitting a right-noetherian Garside family. Thereby, it resolves the question of finding a unifying generalisation of the following two distinct extensions of construction of coherent presentations for spherical Artin-Tits monoids: to general Artin-Tits monoids, and to Garside monoids. The result is applied to some monoids which are neither Artin-Tits nor Garside.
For any right-angled Artin group, we show that its outer automorphism group contains either a finite-index nilpotent subgroup or a nonabelian free subgroup. This is a weak Tits alternative theorem. We find a criterion on the defining graph that determines which case holds. We also consider some examples of solvable subgroups, including one that is not virtually nilpotent and is embedded in a non-obvious way.
In the present paper we define dual monoids for all Artin-Tits groups and we prove that for the type $\tilde A_n$ we get a (quasi)-Garside structure. Such a structure provides normal forms for the Artin-Tits group elements and allows to solve some questions such as to determine the centralizer of a power of the Coxeter element in the Artin-Tits group. More precisely, if $W$ is a Coxeter group, one can consider the length $l_R$ on $W$ with respect to the generating set $R$ consisting of all reflections. Let $c$ be a Coxeter element in $W$ and let $P_c$ be the set of elements $p\in W$ such that …
We present a new procedure to determine the growth function of a homogeneous Garside monoid, with respect to the finite generating set formed by the atoms. In particular, we present a formula for the growth function of each Artin--Tits monoid of spherical type (hence of each braid monoid) with respect to the standard generators, as the inverse of the determinant of a very simple matrix. Using this approach, we show that the exponential growth rates of the Artin--Tits monoids of type $A_n$ (positive braid monoids) tend to $3.233636\ldots$ as $n$ tends to infinity. This number is well-known, as …
The classification of Curtis-Tits amalgams with {connected}, triangle free, simply-laced diagram over a field of size at least $4$ was completed in~\cite{BloHof2014b}. Orientable amalgams are those arising from applying the Curtis-Tits theorem to groups of Kac-Moody type, and indeed, their universal completions are central extensions of those groups of Kac-Moody type. The paper~\cite{BloHof2014a} exhibits concrete (matrix) groups as completions for all Curtis-Tits amalgams with diagram $\widetilde{A}_{n-1}$. For non-orientable amalgams these groups are symmetry groups of certain unitary forms …
Let $Γ$ be a Coxeter graph, let $(W,S)$ be its associated Coxeter system, and let $(A,Σ$) be its associated Artin-Tits system. We regard $W$ as a reflection group acting on a real vector space $V$. Let $I$ be the Tits cone, and let $E_Γ$ be the complement in $I +iV$ of the reflecting hyperplanes. Recall that Charney, Davis, and Salvetti have constructed a simplicial complex $Ω(Γ)$ having the same homotopy type as $E_Γ$. We observe that, if $T \subset S$, then $Ω(Γ_T)$ naturally embeds into $Ω(Γ)$. We prove that this embedding admits a retraction $π_T: Ω(Γ) \to Ω(Γ_T)$, and we deduce several to…
We study braid diagrams with a minimal number of crossings. Such braid diagrams correspond to geodesic words for the braid groups with standard Artin generators. We prove that a diagram of a homogeneous braid is minimal if and only if it is homogeneous. We conjecture that monoids of homogeneous braids are Artin-Tits monoids and prove that monoids of alternating braids are right-angled Artin monoids. Using this, we give a lower bound on the growth rate of the braid groups.
We discuss various types of Tits Alternative for subgroups of graph products of groups, and prove that, under some natural conditions, a graph product of groups satisfies a given form of Tits Alternative if and only if each vertex group satisfies this alternative. As a corollary, we show that every finitely generated subgroup of a graph product of virtually solvable groups is either virtually solvable or large. As another corollary, we prove that every non-abelian subgroup of a right angled Artin group has an epimorphism onto the free group of rank 2. In the course of the paper we develop the …
Let $Γ$ be an $\widetilde A_2$ subgroup of $\PGL_3(\mathbb K)$, where $\mathbb K$ is a local field with residue field of order $q$. The module of coinvariants $C(\mathbb P^2_{\mathbb K},\mathbb Z)_Γ$ is shown to be finite, where $\mathbb P^2_{\mathbb K}$ is the projective plane over $\mathbb K$. If the group $Γ$ is of Tits type and if $q \not\equiv 1 \pmod {3}$ then the exact value of the order of the class $[I]_{K_0}$ in the K-theory of the (full) crossed product $C^*$-algebra $C(Ω)\rtimesΓ$ is determined, where $Ω$ is the Furstenberg boundary of $\PGL_3(\mathbb K)$. For groups of Tits type, …
For a two-dimensional Artin group $A$ whose associated Coxeter group is hyperbolic, we prove that the action of $A$ on the hyperbolic space obtained by coning off certain subcomplexes of its modified Deligne complex is acylindrical. Moreover, if for each $s\in S$ there is $t\in S$ with $m_{st}< \infty$, then this action is universal. As a consequence, for $|S|\geq 3$, if $A$ is irreducible, then it is acylindrically hyperbolic. We also obtain the Tits alternative for $A$, and we classify the subgroups of $A$ that virtually split as a direct product. A key ingredient in our approach is a simple…
We study the outer automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group A_G in the case where the defining graph G is connected and triangle-free. We give an algebraic description of Out(A_G) in terms of maximal join subgraphs in G and prove that the Tits' alternative holds for Out(A_G). We construct an analogue of outer space for Out(A_G) and prove that it is finite dimensional, contractible, and has a proper action of Out(A_G). We show that Out(A_G) has finite virtual cohomological dimension, give upper and lower bounds on this dimension and construct a spine for outer space realizing the most g…
Let $G=G_1\ast\dots\ast G_k\ast F$ be a countable group which splits as a free product, where all groups $G_i$ are freely indecomposable and not isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}$, and $F$ is a finitely generated free group. If for all $i\in\{1,\dots,k\}$, both $G_i$ and its outer automorphism group $\text{Out}(G_i)$ satisfy the Tits alternative, then $\text{Out}(G)$ satisfies the Tits alternative. As an application, we prove that the Tits alternative holds for outer automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups, and of torsion-free groups that are hyperbolic relative to a finite family of virtuall…
A vertex-transitive graph X is called local-to-global rigid if there exists R such that every other graph whose balls of radius R are isometric to the balls of radius R in X is covered by X. Let $d\geq 4$. We show that the 1-skeleton of an affine Bruhat-Tits building of type $\widetilde A_{d-1}$ is local-to-global rigid if and only if the underlying field has characteristic 0. For example the Bruhat-Tits building of $SL(d,F_p((t)))$ is not local-to-global rigid, while the Bruhat-Tits building of $SL(d,Q_p)$ is local-to-global rigid.
