For discrete Hecke pairs $(G,H)$, we introduce a notion of covariant representation which reduces in the case where $H$ is normal to the usual definition of covariance for the action of $G/H$ on $c_0(G/H)$ by right translation; in many cases where $G$ is a semidirect product, it can also be expressed in terms of covariance for a semigroup action. We use this covariance to characterise the representations of $c_0(G/H)$ which are multiples of the multiplication representation on $\ell^2(G/H)$, and more generally, we prove an imprimitivity theorem for regular representations of certain crossed products by coactions of homogeneous spaces. We thus obtain new criteria for extending unitary representations from $H$ to $G$.
For any maximal coaction (A, G, delta) and any closed normal subgroup N of G, there exists an imprimitivity bimodule Y between the full crossed product A x G x N and A x G/N, together with a compatible coaction delta_Y of G. The assignment (A, delta) -> (Y, delta_Y) implements a natural equivalence between the crossed-product functors "x G x N" and "x G/N", in the category whose objects are maximal coactions of G and whose morphisms are isomorphism classes of right-Hilbert bimodule coactions of G.
A Morita equivalence similar to that found by Green for crossed products by groups will be established for crossed products by inverse semigroups. More precisely, let $G$ be an inverse semigroup, $H$ a finite sub-inverse semigroup of $G$ and $A$ a $G$-algebra or a $H$-algebra. Then the crossed product $A \rtimes H$ is Morita equivalent to a certain crossed product $B \rtimes G$.
We apply the One-Sided Action Theorem from the first paper in this series to prove that Rieffel's Morita equivalence between the reduced crossed product by a proper saturated action and the generalized fixed-point algebra is a quotient of a Morita equivalence between the full crossed product and a "universal" fixed-point algebra. We give several applications, to Fell bundles over groups, reduced crossed products as fixed-point algebras, and C*-bundles.
Imprimitivity theorems provide a fundamental tool for studying the representation theory and structure of crossed-product C*-algebras. In this work, we show that the Imprimitivity Theorem for induced algebras, Green's Imprimitivity Theorem for actions of groups, and Mansfield's Imprimitivity Theorem for coactions of groups can all be viewed as natural equivalences between various crossed-product functors among certain equivariant categories. The categories involved have C*-algebras with actions or coactions (or both) of a fixed locally compact group G as their objects, and equivariant equivale…
We give a definition of Toeplitz matrix acting on the $\ell^2$-space of an imprimitivity bimodule $X$ over a $C^*$-algebra $A$. We characterize the set of Toeplitz matrices as the closure in a certain topology of the image of the left regular representation of the crossed product $A\rtimes X$.
Let $δ$ be a nondegenerate coaction of G on a C*-algebra B, and let H be a closed subgroup of G. The dual action of H on $B\times_δG$ is proper and saturated in the sense of Rieffel, and the generalised fixed-point algebra is the crossed product of B by the homogeneous space G/H. The resulting Morita equivalence is a version of Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem which requires neither amenability nor normality of H.
Mansfield showed how to induce representations of crossed products of C*-algebras by coactions from crossed products by quotient groups and proved an imprimitivity theorem characterising these induced representations. We give an alternative construction of his bimodule in the case of dual coactions, based on the symmetric imprimitivity theorem of the third author; this provides a more workable way of inducing representations of crossed products of C*-algebras by dual coactions. The construction works for homogeneous spaces as well as quotient groups, and we prove an imprimitivity theorem for t…
The first imprimitivity theorems identified the representations of groups or dynamical systems which are induced from representations of a subgroup. Symmetric imprimitivity theorems identify pairs of crossed products by different groups which are Morita equivalent, and hence have the same representation theory. Here we consider commuting actions of groups $H$ and $K$ on a $C^*$-algebra which are saturated and proper as defined by Rieffel in 1990. Our main result says that the resulting Morita equivalence of crossed products is natural in the sense that it is compatible with homomorphisms and i…
Let U, V, and W be multiplicative unitaries coming from discrete Kac systems such that W is an amenable normal submultiplicative unitary of V with quotient U. We define notions for right-Hilbert bimodules of coactions of S_V and (S_V)^, their restrictions to S_W and (S_U)^, their dual coactions, and their full and reduced crossed products. If N(A) denotes the imprimitivity bimodule associated to any coaction of S_V on a C*-algebra A by Ng's imprimitivity theorem, then for any suitably nondegenerate injective coaction of S_V on a right-Hilbert A - B bimodule X we establish an isomorphism betwee…
We consider a class of proper actions of locally compact groups on imprimitivity bimodules over C*-algebras which behave like the proper actions on C*-algebras introduced by Rieffel in 1988. We prove that every such action gives rise to a Morita equivalence between a crossed product and a generalized fixed-point algebra, and in doing so make several innovations which improve the applicability of Rieffel's theory. We then show how our construction can be used to obtain canonical tensor-product decompositions of important Morita equivalences. Our results show, for example, that the different pro…
We develop a theory of crossed products by "actions" of Hecke pairs $(G, Γ)$, motivated by applications in non-abelian $C^*$-duality. Our approach gives back the usual crossed product construction whenever $G / Γ$ is a group and retains many of the aspects of crossed products by groups. In this first of two articles we lay the $^*$-algebraic foundations of these crossed products by Hecke pairs and we explore their representation theory.
We consider a family of Hecke C*-algebras which can be realised as crossed products by semigroups of endomorphisms. We show by dilating representations of the semigroup crossed product that the category of representations of the Hecke algebra is equivalent to the category of continuous unitary representations of a totally disconnected locally compact group.
Using the strong relation between coactions of a discrete group G on C*-algebras and Fell bundles over G, we prove a new version of Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem for coactions of discrete groups. Our imprimitivity theorem works for the universally defined full crossed products and arbitrary subgroups of G, as opposed to the usual theory which uses the spatially defined reduced crossed products and normal subgroups of G. Moreover, our theorem factors through the usual one by passing to appropriate quotients. As applications we show that a Fell bundle over a discrete group is amenable in the…
In a recent paper the authors introduced universal and exotic generalized fixed-point algebras for weakly proper group actions on C*-algebras. Here we extend the notion of weakly proper actions to actions on Hilbert modules. As a result we obtain several imprimitivity theorems establishing important Morita equivalences between universal, reduced, or exotic crossed products and appropriate universal, reduced, or exotic fixed-point algebras, respectively. In particular, we obtain an exotic version of Green's imprimitivity theorem and a very general version of the symmetric imprimitivity theorem …
The Symmetric Imprimitivity Theorem provides a Morita equivalence between two crossed products of induced C*-algebras. Quigg and Spielberg proved, by indirect but ingenious methods, that the symmetric imprimitivity theorem has an analog for reduced crossed products. Here we identify the representations which induce to regular representations under the equivalence of the symmetric theorem. We use this result to show that regular representations themselves almost always induce to regular representations. In addition, we obtain a direct proof of the theorem of Quigg and Spielberg.
In this second article on crossed products by "actions" of Hecke pairs we study their different C*-completions, namely we show how reduced and full C*-crossed products can be defined. We also establish that our construction coincides with that of Laca, Larsen and Neshveyev whenever they are both definable. As an application of our theory, we prove a Stone-von Neumann theorem for Hecke pairs which encompasses the work of an Huef, Kaliszewski and Raeburn and we lay down the foundations for obtaining a form of Katayama duality with respect to the Echterhoff-Quigg crossed product.
We provide an exposition and proof of Renault's equivalence theorem for crossed products by locally Hausdorff, locally compact groupoids. Our approach stresses the bundle approach, concrete imprimitivity bimodules and is a preamble to a detailed treatment of the Brauer semigroup for a locally Hausdorff, locally compact groupoid.
The Hecke algebra H(G,H) of a Hecke pair (G,H) is studied using the Schlichting completion (G',H'), which is a Hecke pair whose Hecke algebra is isomorphic to H(G,H) and which is topologized so that H' is a compact open subgroup of G'. In particular, the representation theory and C*-completions of H(G,H) are addressed in terms of the projection p in C*(G') corresponding to the characteristic function of H', using both Fell's and Rieffel's imprimitivity theorems and the identity H(G,H) = p C_c(G') p. An extended analysis of the case where H is contained in a normal subgroup of G (and in particu…
Let B be a C*-algebra with a maximal coaction of a locally compact group G, and let N and H be closed normal subgroups of G with N contained in H. We show that the process Ind_(G/H)^G which uses Mansfield's bimodule to induce representations of the crossed product of B by G from those of the restricted crossed product of B by (G/H) is equivalent to the two-stage induction process: Ind_(G/N)^G composed with Ind_(G/H)^(G/N). The proof involves a calculus of symmetric imprimitivity bimodules which relates the bimodule tensor product to the fibred product of the underlying spaces.
We show that induction of covariant representations for C*-dynamical systems is natural in the sense that it gives a natural transformation between certain crossed-product functors. This involves setting up suitable categories of C*-algebras and dynamical systems, and extending the usual constructions of crossed products to define the appropriate functors. From this point of view, Green's Imprimitivity Theorem identifies the functors for which induction is a natural equivalence. Various spcecial cases of these results have previously been obtained on an ad hoc basis.
In this paper, we will prove that if $A$ is a $C^*$-algebra with an effective coaction $ε$ by a compact quantum group, then the fixed point algebra and the reduced crossed product are Morita equivalent. As an application, we prove an imprimitivity type theorem for crossed products of coactions by discrete Kac $C^*$-algebras.
The Bost-Connes Hecke C^*-algebra can be regarded as a direct limit of subalgebras involving finite sets of primes. Each of these finite-prime analogues of the Bost-Connes algebra is a crossed product by a semigroup N^F, where F is finite. We describe composition series of ideals for these semigroup crossed products in which the intermediate subquotients are finite direct sums of classifiable AT-algebras. We then use similar techniques to identify subquotients of the Bost-Connes algebra as classifiable AT-algebras.
In this partly expository paper we compare three different categories of C*-algebras in which crossed-product duality can be formulated, both for actions and for coactions of locally compact groups. In these categories, the isomorphisms correspond to C*-algebra isomorphisms, imprimitivity bimodules, and outer conjugacies, respectively. In each case, a variation of the fixed-point functor that arises from classical Landstad duality is used to obtain a quasi-inverse for a crossed-product functor. To compare the various cases, we describe in a formal way our view of the fixed-point functor as an …
We survey the results required to pass between full and reduced coactions of locally compact groups on C*-algebras, which say, roughly speaking, that one can always do so without changing the crossed-product C*-algebra. Wherever possible we use definitions and constructions that are well-documented and accessible to non-experts, and otherwise we provide full details. We then give a series of applications to illustrate the use of these techniques. We obtain in particular a new version of Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem for full coactions, and prove that it gives a natural isomorphism between …
We consider group-subgroup pairs in which the group is a semidirect product and the subgroup is contained in the normal part. We give conditions for the pair to be a Hecke pair and we show that the enveloping Hecke algebra and Hecke C*-algebra are canonically isomorphic to semigroup crossed products, generalizing earlier results of Arledge, Laca and Raeburn and of Brenken.
We study the 2-adic version of the ring $C^*$-algebra of the integers. First, we work out the precise relation between the Cuntz algebra $\cO_2$ and our 2-adic ring $C^*$-algebra in terms of representations. Secondly, we prove a 2-adic duality theorem identifying the crossed product arising from 2-adic affine transformations on the 2-adic numbers with the analogous crossed product algebra over the real numbers. And finally, as an outcome of this duality result, we construct an explicit imprimitivity bimodule and prove that it transports one canonical representation into the other.
Suppose that a locally compact group $G$ acts freely and properly on the right of a locally compact space $T$. Rieffel proved that if $α$ is an action of $G$ on a $C^*$-algebra $A$ and there is an equivariant embedding of $C_0(T)$ in $M(A)$, then the action $α$ of $G$ on $A$ is proper, and the crossed product $A\rtimes_{α,r}G$ is Morita equivalent to a generalised fixed-point algebra $\Fix(A,α)$ in $M(A)^α$. We show that the assignment $(A,α)\mapsto\Fix(A,α)$ extends to a functor $\Fix$ on a category of $C^*$-dynamical systems in which the isomorphisms are Morita equivalences, and that Rieffel…
We analyze Hecke pairs (G,H) and the associated Hecke algebra when G is a semidirect product N x Q and H = M x R for subgroups M of N and R of Q with M normal in N. Conditions are given in terms of N, Q, M, and R which are equivalent to the Hecke condition on (G,H), and the Schlichting completion of (G,H) is identified in terms of completions of N, Q, M, and R. Our main result shows that (assuming (G,H) coincides with its Schlichting completion) when R is normal in Q, the closure of the Hecke algebra in C*(G) is Morita-Rieffel equivalent to a crossed product I x Q/R, where I is a certain ideal…
When S is a discrete subsemigroup of a discrete group G such that G = S^{-1} S, it is possible to extend circle-valued multipliers from S to G; to dilate (projective) isometric representations of S to (projective) unitary representations of G; and to dilate/extend actions of S by injective endomorphisms of a C*-algebra to actions of G by automorphisms of a larger C*-algebra. These dilations are unique provided they satisfy a minimality condition. The (twisted) semigroup crossed product corresponding to an action of S is isomorphic to a full corner in the (twisted) crossed product by the dilate…
Let $Γ$ be a torsion-free arithmetic group acting on its associated global symmetric space $X$. Assume that $X$ is of non-compact type and let $Γ$ act on the geodesic boundary $\partial X$ of $X$. Via general constructions in KK-theory, we endow the K-groups of the arithmetic manifold $X/Γ$, of the reduced group C*-algebra of $Γ$ and of the boundary crossed product algebra associated to the action of $Γ$ on $\partial X$, with Hecke operators. The K-theory and K-homology groups of these C*-algebras are related by a Gysin six-term exact sequence. In the case when $Γ$ is a group of real hyperboli…
Suppose a locally compact group G acts freely and properly on a locally compact Hausdorff space X, and let gamma be the induced action on C_0(X). We consider a category in which the objects are C*-dynamical systems (A, G, alpha) for which there is an equivariant homomorphism of (C_0(X), gamma) into the multiplier algebra M(A). Rieffel has shown that such systems are proper and saturated, and hence have a generalized fixed-point algebra A^alpha which is Morita equivalent to A times_{alpha,r} G. We show that the assignment (A, alpha) maps to A^alpha is functorial, and that Rieffel's Morita equiv…
Using the close relationship between coactions of discrete groups and Fell bundles, we introduce a procedure for inducing a C*-coaction of a quotient group G/N of a discrete group G to a C*-coaction of G itself on an induced C*-algebra. We show that induced coactions behave in many respects similarly to induced actions. In particular, as an analogue of the well known imprimitivity theorem for induced actions we prove that the crossed products of the original and the induced coactions are always Morita equivalent. We also obtain nonabelian analogues of a theorem of Olesen and Pedersen which sho…
We associate a canonical Hecke pair of semidirect product groups to the ring inclusion of the algebraic integers $\oo$ in a number field $\kk$, and we construct a C*-dynamical system on the corresponding Hecke C*-algebra, analogous to the one constructed by Bost and Connes for the inclusion of the integers in the rational numbers. We describe the structure of the resulting Hecke C*-algebra as a semigroup crossed product and then, in the case of class number one, analyze the equilibrium (KMS) states of the dynamical system. The extreme KMS$_β$ states at low-temperature exhibit a phase transitio…
We introduce the term "protonormal" to refer to a subgroup H of a group G such that for every x in G the subgroups x^{-1}Hx and H commute as sets. If moreover (G,H) is a Hecke pair we show that the Hecke algebra H(G,H) is generated by the range of a canonical partial representation of G vanishing on H. As a consequence we show that there exists a maximum C*-norm on H(G,H), generalizing previous results by Brenken, Hall, Laca, Larsen, Kaliszewski, Landstad and Quigg. When there exists a normal subgroup N of G, containing H as a normal subgroup, we prove a new formula for the product of the gene…
We survey some of the known results on the relation between the homology of the {\em full} Hecke algebra of a reductive $p$-adic group $G$, and the representation theory of $G$. Let us denote by $\CIc(G)$ the full Hecke algebra of $G$ and by $\Hp_*(\CIc(G))$ its periodic cyclic homology groups. Let $\hat G$ denote the admissible dual of $G$. One of the main points of this paper is that the groups $\Hp_*(\CIc(G))$ are, on the one hand, directly related to the topology of $\hat G$ and, on the other hand, the groups $\Hp_*(\CIc(G))$ are explicitly computable in terms of $G$ (essentially, in terms…
