For a Banach space $V$ we define its Lipschitz extension constant, $\cL\cE(V)$, to be the infimum of the constants $c$ such that for every metric space $(Z,ρ)$, every $X \subset Z$, and every $f: X \to V$, there is an extension, $g$, of $f$ to $Z$ such that $L(g) \le cL(f)$, where $L$ denotes the Lipschitz constant. The basic theorem is that when $V$ is finite-dimensional we have $\cL\cE(V) = \cP\cC(V)$ where $\cP\cC(V)$ is the well-known projection constant of $V$. We obtain some direct consequences of this theorem, especially when $V = M_n(\bC)$. We then apply techniques for calculating projection constants, involving averaging projections, to calculate $\cL\cE((M_n(\bC))^{sa})$. We also discuss what happens if we also require that $\|g\|_{\infty} = \|f\|_{\infty}$.
We construct a regular random projection of a metric space onto a closed doubling subset and use it to linearly extend Lipschitz and $C^1$ functions. This way we prove more directly a result by Lee and Naor and we generalize the $C^1$ extension theorem by Whitney to Banach spaces.
We prove that the absolute extendability constant of a finite metric space may be determined by computing relative projection constants of certain Lipschitz-free spaces. As an application, we show that $\mbox{ae}(3)=4/3$ and $\mbox{ae}(4)\geq (5+4\sqrt{2})/7$. Moreover, we discuss how to compute relative projection constants by solving linear programming problems.
We study projectional skeletons and the Plichko property in Lipschitz-free spaces, relating these concepts to the geometry of the underlying metric space. Specifically, we identify a metric property that characterizes the Plichko property witnessed by Dirac measures in the associated Lipschitz-free space. We also show that the Lipschitz-free space of all $\mathbb{R}$-trees has the Plichko property witnessed by molecules, and define the concept of retractional trees to generalize this result to a bigger class of metric spaces. Finally, we show that no separable subspace of $\ell_\infty$ contain…
Main results of the paper: (1) For any finite metric space $M$ the Lipschitz free space on $M$ contains a large well-complemented subspace which is close to $\ell_1^n$. (2) Lipschitz free spaces on large classes of recursively defined sequences of graphs are not uniformly isomorphic to $\ell_1^n$ of the corresponding dimensions. These classes contain well-known families of diamond graphs and Laakso graphs. Interesting features of our approach are: (a) We consider averages over groups of cycle-preserving bijections of graphs which are not necessarily graph automorphisms; (b) In the case of such…
Motivated by the notion of K-gentle partition of unity introduced in [12] and the notion of K-Lipschitz retract studied in [17], we study a weaker notion related to the Kantorovich-Rubinstein transport distance, that we call K-random projection. We show that K-random projections can still be used to provide linear extension operators for Lipschitz maps. We also prove that the existence of these random projections is necessary and sufficient for the existence of weak* continuous operators. Finally we use this notion to characterize the metric spaces (X, d) such that the free space F(X) has the …
Let $X$ be a metric space and let $μ$ be a probability measure on it. Consider a Lipschitz map $T: X \rightarrow \Rn$, with Lipschitz constant $\leq 1$. Then one can ask whether the image $TX$ can have large projections on many directions. For a large class of spaces $X$, we show that there are directions $ϕ\in \nsphere$ on which the projection of the image $TX$ is small on the average, with bounds depending on the dimension $n$ and the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on $X$.
We prove in particular that the Lipschitz-free space over a finitely-dimensional normed space is complemented in its bidual. For Euclidean spaces the norm of the respective projection is $1$. As a tool to obtain the main result we establish several facts on the structure of finitely additive measures on finitely-dimensional spaces.
In the present paper we introduce and study the Lipschitz retractional structure of metric spaces. This topic was motivated by the analogous projectional structure of Banach spaces, a topic that has been thoroughly investigated. The more general metric setting fits well with the currently active theory of Lipschitz free spaces and spaces of Lipschitz functions. Among our applications we show that the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(X)$ is a Plichko space whenever $X$ is a Plichko Banach space. Our main results include two examples of metric spaces. The first one $M$ contains two points $\{0,…
The classical Besicovitch-Federer projection theorem implies that the d-dimensional Hausdorff measure of a set in Euclidean space with non-negligible d-unrectifiable part will strictly decrease under orthogonal projection onto almost every d-dimensional linear subspace. In fact, there exist maps which are arbitrarily close to the identity in the C^0 topology which have the same property. A converse holds as well, yielding the following rectifiability criterion: under mild assumptions, a set is rectifiable if and only if its Hausdorff measure is lower semi-continuous under bounded Lipschitz per…
We find general conditions under which Lipschitz-free spaces over metric spaces are isomorphic to their infinite direct $\ell_1$-sum and exhibit several applications. As examples of such applications we have that Lipschitz-free spaces over balls and spheres of the same finite dimensions are isomorphic, that the Lipschitz-free space over $\mathbb{Z}^d$ is isomorphic to its $\ell_1$-sum, or that the Lipschitz-free space over any snowflake of a doubling metric space is isomorphic to $\ell_1$. Moreover, following new ideas from [E. Bruè, S. Di Marino and F. Stra, Linear Lipschitz and $C^1$ extensi…
When 0<p<1, it is known that the p-Bloch and (1-p)-Lipschitz spaces of the unit ball in n-dimensional complex Eucllidean space are equal as sets. We prove that these spaces are additionally norm-equivalent, thus extending known results for n=1 and the polydisk. As an application, we generalize work by Madigan on the disk by investigating boundedness of composition operators between p- and q-Lipschitz spaces of the ball.
The purpose of this article is to prove a generalisation of the Besicovitch-Federer projection theorem about a characterisation of rectifiable and unrectifiable sets in terms of their projections. For an $m$-unrectifiable set $Σ\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ having finite Hausdorff measure and $\varepsilon>0$, we prove that for a mapping $f\in\mathcal{C}^1(U,\mathbb{R}^n)$ having constant, equal to $m$, rank of the Jacobian matrix there exists a mapping $f_\varepsilon$ whose rank of the Jacobian matrix is also constant, equal to $m$, such that $\|f_\varepsilon-f\|_{\mathcal{C}^1}<\varepsilon$ and $\math…
This paper is concerned with the differential sensitivity analysis of variational inequalities in Banach spaces whose solution operators satisfy a generalized Lipschitz condition. We prove a sufficient criterion for the directional differentiability of the solution map that turns out to be also necessary for elliptic variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces (even in the presence of asymmetric bilinear forms, nonlinear operators and nonconvex functionals). In contrast to classical results, our method of proof does not rely on Attouch's theorem on the characterization of Mosco convergence but …
A real semi-inner-product space is a real vector space $\M$ equipped with a function $[.,.] : \M \times \M \to \Re$ which is linear in its first variable, strictly positive and satisfies the Schwartz inequality. It is well-known that the function $||x|| = \sqrt{[x,x]}$ defines a norm on $\M$. and vica versa, for every norm on $X$ there is a semi-inner-product satisfying this equality. A linear operator $A$ on $\M$ is called \emph{adjoint abelian with respect to $[.,.]$}, if it satisfies $[Ax,y]=[x,Ay]$ for every $x,y \in \M$. The aim of this paper is to characterize the diagonalizable adjoint …
It is proved that the projection constants of two- and three-dimensional spaces are bounded by $4/3$ and $(1+\sqrt 5)/2$, respectively. These bounds are attained precisely by the spaces whose unit balls are the regular hexagon and dodecahedron. In fact, a general inequality for the projection constant of a real or complex $n$-dimensional space is obtained and the question of equality therein is discussed.
The norm of the Riesz projection from $L^\infty(\T^n)$ to $L^p(\T^n)$ is considered. It is shown that for $n=1$, the norm equals $1$ if and only if $p\le 4$ and that the norm behaves asymptotically as $p/(πe)$ when $p\to \infty$. The critical exponent $p_n$ is the supremum of those $p$ for which the norm equals $1$. It is proved that $2+2/(2^n-1)\le p_n <4$ for $n>1$; it is unknown whether the critical exponent for $n=\infty$ exceeds $2$.
Suppose that f is a Lipschitz function on the real numbers with Lipschitz constant smaller or equal to 1. Let A be a bounded self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space H. Let 1<p<infinity and suppose that x in B(H) is an operator such that the commutator [A, x] is contained in the Schatten class S_p. It is proved by the last two authors, that then also [f(A), x] is contained in S_p and there exists a constant C_p independent of x and f such that || [f(A), x] ||_p <= C_p || [A,x] ||_p. The main result of this paper is to give a sharp estimate for C_p in terms of p. Namely, we show that C_p ~ p^2/…
