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arXiv math/0506373math.NT
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尖点形式、Dedekind符号和周期多项式上Hecke算子的显式公式

Explicit formulas for Hecke operators on cusp forms, Dedekind symbols and period polynomials

Shinji Fukuhara

摘要:

设S_{w+2}是满模群上权为w+2的尖点形式的向量空间,S_{w+2} ^* 表示它的对偶空间.尖点形式的周期可以看作是S_{w+2} ^* 的元素。艾希勒-志村同构定理断言奇数(或偶数)周期跨越S_{w+2} ^*。然而,周期不是线性无关的;事实上,它们满足Eichler-Shimura关系。这就引出了一个自然的问题:哪些时期会构成S_{w+2} ^* 的基础。首先我们来回答这个问题。传递到对偶空间S_{w+2},我们将确定S_{w+2}的新基。利用伯努利多项式明确地表达了该基元的偶数周期多项式。接下来,我们考虑三个空间-- S_{w+2},具有多项式互易律的权为w的偶数Dedekind符号空间,以及次数为w的偶数周期多项式空间。这三个空间之间有着天然的对应关系。所有这些空间都配备了Hecke操作员的兼容操作。我们将找到周期多项式的显式形式和Hecke算子对周期多项式的作用。最后,我们得到了S_{w+2}上Hecke算子关于Bernoulli数B_k和除数函数sigma_k(n)的显式公式,它与Eichler-Selberg迹公式有很大的不同.

英文摘要:

Let S_{w+2} be the vector space of cusp forms of weight w+2 on the full modular group, and let S_{w+2}^* denote its dual space. Periods of cusp forms can be regarded as elements of S_{w+2}^*. The Eichler-Shimura isomorphism theorem asserts that odd (or even) periods span S_{w+2}^*. However, periods are not linearly independent; in fact, they satisfy the Eichler-Shimura relations. This leads to a natural question: which periods would form a basis of S_{w+2}^*. First we give an answer to this question. Passing to the dual space S_{w+2}, we will determine a new basis for S_{w+2}. The even period polynomials of this basis elements are expressed explicitly by means of Bernoulli polynomials. Next we consider three spaces--S_{w+2}, the space of even Dedekind symbols of weight w with polynomial reciprocity laws, and the space of even period polynomials of degree w. There are natural correspondences among these three spaces. All these spaces are equipped with compatible action of Hecke operators. We will find explicit form of period polynomials and the actions of Hecke operators on the period polynomials. Finally we will obtain explicit formulas for Hecke operators on S_{w+2} in terms of Bernoulli numbers B_k and divisor functions sigma_k(n), which are quite different from the Eichler-Selberg trace formula.

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