Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Camille Laurent-Gengoux
We study the geometric and algebraic properties of the twisted Poisson structures on Lie algebroids, leading to a definition of their modular class and to an explicit determination of a representative of the modular class, in particular in the case of a twisted Poisson manifold.
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We derive a formula for the the modular class of a Lie algebroid with a regular twisted Poisson structure in terms of a canonical Lie algebroid representation of the image of the Poisson map. We use this formula to compute the modular classes of Lie algebras with a twisted triangular r-matrix. The special case of r-matrices associated to Frobenius Lie algebras is also studied.
Poisson manifolds may be regarded as the infinitesimal form of symplectic groupoids. Twisted Poisson manifolds considered by Severa and Weinstein [math.SG/0107133] are a natural generalization of the former which also arises in string theory. In this note it is proved that twisted Poisson manifolds are in bijection with a (possibly singular) twisted version of symplectic groupoids.
Motivated by the recent connection between nonholonomic integrable systems and twisted Poisson manifolds made in \cite{balseiro_garcia_naranjo}, this paper investigates the global theory of integrable Hamiltonian systems on almost symplectic manifolds as an initial step to understand Hamiltonian integrability on twisted Poisson (and Dirac) manifolds. Non-commutative integrable Hamiltonian systems on almost symplectic manifolds were first defined in \cite{fasso_sansonetto}, which proved existence of local generalised action-angle coordinates in the spirit of the Liouville-Arnol'd theorem. In an…
For a particle in the magnetic field of a cloud of monopoles, the naturally associated 2-form on phase space is not closed, and so the corresponding bracket operation on functions does not satisfy the Jacobi identity. Thus, it is not a Poisson bracket; however, it is twisted Poisson in the sense that the Jacobiator comes from a closed 3-form. The space $\mathcal D$ of densities on phase space is the state space of a plasma. The twisted Poisson bracket on phase-space functions gives rise to a bracket on functions on $\mathcal D$. In the absence of monopoles, this is again a Poisson bracket. It …
In this paper we introduce cohomology and homology theories for Nambu-Poisson manifolds. Also we study the relation between the existence of a duality for these theories and the vanishing of a particular Nambu-Poisson cohomology class, the modular class. The case of a regular Nambu-Poisson structure and some singular examples are discussed.
After a brief summary of the main properties of Poisson manifolds and Lie algebroids in general, we survey recent work on the modular classes of Poisson and twisted Poisson manifolds, of Lie algebroids with a Poisson or twisted Poisson structure, and of Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds. A review of the spinor approach to the modular class concludes the paper.
We develop a theory of quasi-Lie bialgebroids using a homological approach. This notion is a generalization of quasi-Lie bialgebras, as well as twisted Poisson structures with a 3-form background which have recently appeared in the context of string theory, and were studied by Ševera and Weinstein using a different method.
This paper is devoted to the study of Morita equivalence for twisted Poisson manifolds. We review some Morita invariants and prove that integrable twisted Poisson manifolds which are gauge equivalent are Morita equivalent. Moreover, we introduce the notion of weak Morita equivalence and show that if two twisted Poisson manifolds are weak Morita equivalent, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between their twisted symplectic leaves.
We define algebras of admissible functions associated to twisted Dirac structures, and we show that they are Poisson algebras. We study the standard cases associated to Dirac structures defined by graphs of non-degenerate 2-forms.
Quadratic Poisson tensors of the Dufour-Haraki classification read as a sum of an $r$-matrix induced structure twisted by a (small) compatible exact quadratic tensor. An appropriate bigrading of the space of formal Poisson cochains then leads to a vertically positive double complex. The associated spectral sequence allows to compute the Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology of the considered tensors. We depict this modus operandi, apply our technique to concrete examples of twisted Poisson structures, and obtain a complete description of their cohomology. As richness of Poisson cohomology entails co…
We describe a deformation quantization of a modification of Poisson geometry by a closed 3-form. Under suitable conditions it gives rise to a stack of algebras. The basic object used for this aim is a kind of families of Poisson structures given by a Maurer-Cartan equation; they are easily quantized using Kontsevich's Formality theorem.
The notion of Leibniz algebroid is introduced, and it is shown that each Nambu-Poisson manifold has associated a canonical Leibniz algebroid. This fact permits to define the modular class of a Nambu-Poisson manifold as an appropiate cohomology class, extending the well-known modular class of Poisson manifolds.
In this paper we study the relationship between the extended symmetries of exact Courant algebroids over a manifold $M$, defined by Bursztyn, Cavalcanti and Gualtieri, and the Poisson algebras of admissible functions associated to twisted Dirac structures when acted by Lie groups. We show that the usual homomorphisms of Lie algebras between the algebras of infinitesimal symmetries of the action, vector fields on the manifold and the Poisson algebra of observables, appearing in symplectic geometry, generalize to natural maps of Leibniz algebras induced both by the extended action and compatible…
Motivated by questions from quantum group and field theories, we review structures on manifolds that are weaker versions of Poisson structures, and variants of the notion of Lie algebroid. We give a simple definition of the Courant algebroids and introduce the notion of a deriving operator for the Courant bracket of the double of a proto-bialgebroid. We then describe and relate the various quasi-Poisson structures, which have appeared in the literature since 1991, and the twisted Poisson structures studied by Severa and Weinstein.
We will introduce an associative (or quantum) version of Poisson structure tensors. This object is defined as an operator satisfying a "generalized" Rota-Baxter identity of weight zero. Such operators are called generalized Rota-Baxter operators. We will show that generalized Rota-Baxter operators are characterized by a cocycle condition so that Poisson structures are so. By analogy with twisted Poisson structures, we propose a new operator "twisted Rota-Baxter operators" which is a natural generalization of generalized Rota-Baxter operators. It is known that classical Rota-Baxter operators ar…
We prove a property of the Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds which yields new proofs of the bihamiltonian properties of the hierarchy of modular vector fields defined by Damianou and Fernandes.
We construct an action of the braid group B_N on the twisted quantized enveloping algebra U'_q(o_N) where the elements of B_N act as automorphisms. In the classical limit q -> 1 we recover the action of B_N on the polynomial functions on the space of upper triangular matrices with ones on the diagonal. The action preserves the Poisson bracket on the space of polynomials which was introduced by Nelson and Regge in their study of quantum gravity and re-discovered in the mathematical literature. Furthermore, we construct a Poisson bracket on the space of polynomials associated with another twiste…
We introduce the modular class of a Poisson map. We look at several examples and we use the modular classes of Poisson maps to study the behavior of the modular class of a Poisson manifold under different kinds of reduction. We also discuss their symplectic groupoid version, which lives in groupoid cohomology.
We study a modification of Poisson geometry by a closed 3-form. Just as for ordinary Poisson structures, these "twisted" Poisson structures are conveniently described as Dirac structures in suitable Courant algebroids. The additive group of 2-forms acts on twisted Poisson structures and permits them to be seen as glued from ordinary Poisson structures defined on local patches. We conclude with remarks on deformation quantization and twisted symplectic groupoids.
Let $G$ be a connected complex semisimple Lie group with a fixed maximal torus $T$ and a Borel subgroup $B \supset T$. For an arbitrary automorphism $θ$ of $G$, we introduce a holomorphic Poisson structure $π_θ$ on $G$ which is invariant under the $θ$-twisted conjugation by $T$ and has the property that every $θ$-twisted conjugacy class of $G$ is a Poisson subvariety with respect to $π_θ$. We describe the $T$-orbits of symplectic leaves, called $T$-leaves, of $π_θ$ and compute the dimensions of the symplectic leaves (i.e, the ranks) of $π_θ$. We give the lowest rank of $π_θ$ in any given $θ$-t…
Let $B$ be a twisted Poisson manifold with a fixed tropical affine structure given by a period bundle $P$. In this paper, we study the classification of almost symplectically complete isotropic realizations (ASCIRs) over $B$ in the spirit of \cite{DD}. We construct a product among ASCIRs in analogy with tensor product of line bundles, thereby introducing the notion of the Picard group of $B$. We give descriptions of the Picard group in terms of exact sequences involving certain sheaf cohomology groups, and find that the `Néron-Severi group' is isomorphic to $H^2(B, \underline{P})$. An example …
The correspondence between Poisson structures and symplectic groupoids, analogous to the one of Lie algebras and Lie groups, plays an important role in Poisson geometry; it offers, in particular, a unifying framework for the study of hamiltonian and Poisson actions. In this paper, we extend this correspondence to the context of Dirac structures twisted by a closed 3-form. More generally, given a Lie groupoid $G$ over a manifold $M$, we show that multiplicative 2-forms on $G$ relatively closed with respect to a closed 3-form $ϕ$ on $M$ correspond to maps from the Lie algebroid of $G$ into the c…
In this paper we study a quadratic Poisson algebra structure on the space of bilinear forms on $C^{N}$ with the property that for any $n,m\in N$ such that $n m =N$, the restriction of the Poisson algebra to the space of bilinear forms with block-upper-triangular matrix composed from blocks of size $m\times m$ is Poisson. We classify all central elements and characterise the Lie algebroid structure compatible with the Poisson algebra. We integrate this algebroid obtaining the corresponding groupoid of morphisms of block-upper-triangular bilinear forms. The groupoid elements automatically preser…
We discuss a framework for quantizing a Poisson manifold via the quantization of its symplectic groupoid, that combines the tools of geometric quantization with the results of Renault's theory of groupoid C*-algebras. This setting allows very singular polarizations. In particular we consider the case when the modular function is "multiplicatively integrable", i.e. when the space of leaves of the polarization inherits a groupoid structure. If suitable regularity conditions are satisfied, then one can define the quantum algebra as the convolution algebra of the subgroupoid of leaves satisfying t…
A nonzero 2-cocycle $Γ\in Z^2(\g,\R)$ on the Lie algebra $\g$ of a compact Lie group $G$ defines a twisted version of the Lie-Poisson structure on the dual Lie algebra $\g^*$, leading to a Poisson algebra $C^{\infty}(\g_{(Γ)}^*)$. Similarly, a multiplier $c\in Z^2(G,U(1))$ on $G$ which is smooth near the identity defines a twist in the convolution product on $G$, encoded by the twisted group $C^*$-algebra C^*(G,c)$. Further to some superficial yet enlightening analogies between $C^{\infty}(\g^*_{(Γ)})$ and $C^*(G,c)$, it is shown that the latter is a strict quantization of the former, where Pl…
We introduce linear holonomy on Poisson manifolds. The linear holonomy of a Poisson structure generalizes the linearized holonomy on a regular symplectic foliation. However, for singular Poisson structures the linear holonomy is defined for the lifts of tangential path to the cotangent bundle (cotangent paths). The linear holonomy is closely related to the modular class studied by A. Weinstein. Namely, the logarithm of the determinant of the linear holonomy is equal to the integral of the modular vector field along such a lift. This assertion relies on the notion of the integral of a vector fi…
We show that, for any regular Poisson manifold, there is an injective natural linear map from the first leafwise cohomology space into the first Poisson cohomology space which maps the Reeb class of the symplectic foliation to the modular class of the Poisson manifold. The Riemannian interpretation of those classes will permit us to show that a regular Poisson manifold whose symplectic foliation is of codimension one is unimodular if and only if its symplectic foliation is Riemannian foliation. It permit us also to construct examples of unimodular Poisson manifolds and other which are not unim…
Compatible $E$-Differential Forms on Lie Algebroids over (Pre-)Multisymplectic Manifolds
本文在（预）多重辛流形上的李代数胚中引入相容 E-n-形式，统一刻画扭曲泊松结构、动量映射及其同伦推广等结构。
We extend the correspondence between Poisson maps and actions of symplectic groupoids, which generalizes the one between momentum maps and hamiltonian actions, to the realm of Dirac geometry. As an example, we show how hamiltonian quasi-Poisson manifolds fit into this framework by constructing an ``inversion'' procedure relating quasi-Poisson bivectors to twisted Dirac structures.
In this paper we study quotients of Lie algebroids and groupoids endowed with compatible differential forms. We identify Lie theoretic conditions under which such forms become basic and characterize the induced forms on the quotients. We apply these results to describe generalized quotient and reduction processes for (twisted) Poisson and Dirac structures, as well as to their integration by (twisted, pre-)symplectic groupoids. In particular, we recover and generalize several known results concerning Poisson reduction.
The pentagram map is a projectively natural iteration defined on polygons, and also on objects we call twisted polygons (a twisted polygon is a map from Z into the projective plane that is periodic modulo a projective transformation). We find a Poisson structure on the space of twisted polygons and show that the pentagram map relative to this Poisson structure is completely integrable in the sense of Arnold-Liouville. For certain families of twisted polygons, such as those we call universally convex, we translate the integrability into a statement about the quasi-periodic motion for the dynami…
We study the behavior of the modular class of an orientable Poisson manifold and formulate some unimodularity criteria in the semilocal context, around a (singular) symplectic leaf. Our results generalize some known unimodularity criteria for regular Poisson manifolds related to the notion of the Reeb class. In particular, we show that the unimodularity of the transverse Poisson structure of the leaf is a necessary condition for the semilocal unimodular property. Our main tool is an explicit formula for a bigraded decomposition of modular vector fields of a coupling Poisson structure on a foli…
We study the relative modular classes of Lie algebroids, and we determine their relationship with the modular classes of Lie algebroids with a twisted Poisson structure.
We introduce the notion of twisted generalized complex submanifolds and describe an equivalent characterization in terms of Poisson-Dirac submanifolds. Our characterization recovers a result of Vaisman. An equivalent characterization is also given in terms of spinors. As a consequence, we show that the fixed locus of an involution preserving a twisted generalized complex structure is a twisted generalized complex submanifold. We also prove that a twisted generalized complex manifold has a natural Poisson structure. We also discuss generalized Kaehler submanifolds.
Symplectic and Poisson structures of certain moduli spaces/Huebschmann,J./ Abstract: Let $π$ be the fundamental group of a closed surface and $G$ a Lie group with a biinvariant metric, not necessarily positive definite. It is shown that a certain construction due to A. Weinstein relying on techniques from equivariant cohomology may be refined so as to yield (i) a symplectic structure on a certain smooth manifold $\Cal M(\Cal P,G)$ containing the space $\roman{Hom}(π,G)$ of homomorphisms and, furthermore, (ii) a hamiltonian $G$-action on $\Cal M(\Cal P,G)$ preserving the symplectic structure, w…
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